The role of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in functional outcomes in patients with large-artery atherosclerosis and small-artery occlusion

References

• Pantoni L. Cerebral small vessel disease: from pathogenesis and clinical characteristics to therapeutic challenges. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9:689–701.10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70104-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams HP Jr , Bendixen BH , Kappelle LJ , et al . Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment. Stroke. 1993;24:35–41.10.1161/01.STR.24.1.35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu C , An Z , Zhao W , et al . Sex differences in stroke subtypes, severity, risk factors, and outcomes among elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke. Front Aging Neurosci. 2015;7:174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou H , Wang YJ , Wang SX , et al . TOAST subtyping of acute ischemic stroke. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. 2004;43:495–498.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gao Y , Jiang L , Wang H , et al . Association between elevated hemoglobin A1c levels and the outcomes of patients with small-artery occlusion: a hospital-based study. PLOS ONE. 2016;11:e0160223.10.1371/journal.pone.0160223
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu LB , Li M , Zhuo WY , et al . The role of hs-CRP, D-dimer and fibrinogen in differentiating etiological subtypes of ischemic stroke. PLOS ONE. 2015;10(2):e0118301.10.1371/journal.pone.0118301
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan W , Shi ZH . The relationship between plasma D-dimer levels and outcome of Chinese acute ischemic stroke patients in different stroke subtypes. J Neural Transm. 2014;121:409–413.10.1007/s00702-013-1113-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Idicula TT , Brogger J , Naess H , et al . Admission C-reactive protein after acute ischemic stroke is associated with stroke severity and mortality: the ‘Bergen stroke study’. BMC Neurol. 2009;9:e195.10.1186/1471-2377-9-18
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esser N , Paquot N , Scheen AJ . Inflammatory markers and cardiometabolic diseases. Acta Clinica Belgica. 2015;70:193–199.10.1179/2295333715Y.0000000004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ladenvall C , Jood K , Blomstrand C , et al . Serum C-reactive protein concentration and genotype in relation to ischemic stroke subtype. Stroke. 2006;37:2018–2023.10.1161/01.STR.0000231872.86071.68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hertog HM , Rossum JA , Worp HB , et al . C-reactive protein in the very early phase of acute ischemic stroke: association with poor outcome and death. J Neurol. 2009;256:2003–2008.10.1007/s00415-009-5228-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiu R , Gao Y , Hou D , et al . Association between hs-CRP levels and the outcomes of patients with small-artery occlusion. Front Aging Neurosci. 2016;8:191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stroke . Recommendations on stroke prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. Report of the WHO Task Force on Stroke and other Cerebrovascular Disorders. Stroke. 1989;1989(20):1407–1431.
   Google Scholar
• Kenmuir CL , Hammer M , Jovin T , et al . Predictors of outcome in patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke and mild stroke scale scores. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2015;24:1685–1689.10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.03.042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munshi A , Sultana S , Kaul S , et al . Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism and the risk of ischemic stroke in a South Indian population. J Neurol Sci. 2008;272:132–135.10.1016/j.jns.2008.05.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ndumele CE , Pradhan AD , Ridker PM . Interrelationships between inflammation, C-reactive protein, and insulin resistance. J Cardiometab Syndr. 2006;1:190–196.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Park JH , Ryoo S , Kim SJ , et al . Differential risk factors for lacunar stroke depending on the mri (white and red) subtypes of microangiopathy. PLoS ONE. 2012;7:e44865.10.1371/journal.pone.0044865
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim WJ , Nah HW , Kim DH , et al . Association between left ventricular dysfunction and functional outcomes at three months in acute ischemic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2016;25:2247–2252.10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.05.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeng L , He X , Liu J , et al . Differences of circulating inflammatory markers between large- and small vessel disease in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Int J Med Sci. 2013;10:1399–1405.10.7150/ijms.6652
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajeshwar K , Kaul S , Al-Hazzani A , et al . C-reactive protein and nitric oxide levels in ischemic stroke and its subtypes: correlation with clinical outcome. Inflammation. 2012;35:978–984.10.1007/s10753-011-9401-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grad E , Pachino RM , FitzGerald GA , et al . Role of thromboxane receptor in C-reactive protein-induced thrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2012;32:2468–2474.10.1161/ATVBAHA.112.256073
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chei CL , Yamagishi K , Kitamura A , et al . C-reactive protein levels and risk of stroke and its subtype in Japanese: the circulatory risk in communities study (CIRCS). Atherosclerosis. 2011;217(1):187–193.10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.03.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danenberg HD , Szalai AJ , Swaminathan RV , et al . Increased thrombosis after arterial injury in human C-reactive protein-transgenic mice. Circulation. 2003;108:512–515.10.1161/01.CIR.0000085568.13915.1E
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhong ZX , Li B , Li CR , et al . Role of chemokines in promoting instability of coronary atherosclerotic plaques and the underlying molecular mechanism. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2015;48:161–166.10.1590/1414-431X20144195
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pantoni L , Garcia JH . Pathogenesis of leukoaraiosis: a review. Stroke. 1997;28:652–659.10.1161/01.STR.28.3.652
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anan F , Masaki T , Kikuchi H , et al . Association between plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and insulin resistance and white matter lesions in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2010;87:233–239.10.1016/j.diabres.2009.10.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar