Clinical differences of early and late-onset myasthenia gravis in 985 patients

References

• Conti-Fine BM, Milani M, Kaminski HJ. Myasthenia gravis: past, present, and future. J Clin Invest. 2006;116:2843–2854.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grob D, Brunner N, Namba T, et al. Lifetime course of myasthenia gravis. Muscle Nerve. 2008;37:141–149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang X, Yang M, Xu J, et al. Clinical and serological study of myasthenia gravis in HuBei province, China. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2007;78:386–390.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onodera H. The role of the thymus in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2005;207:87–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marx A, Wilisch A, Schultz A, et al. Pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis. Virchows Arch. 1997;430:355–364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Remes-Troche JM, Tellez-Zenteno JF, Estanol B, et al. Thymectomy in myasthenia gravis: response, complications, and associated conditions. Arch Med Res. 2002;33:545–551.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meriggioli MN, Sanders DB. Autoimmune myasthenia gravis: emerging clinical and biological heterogeneity. Lancet Neurol. 2009;8:475–490.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zivkovic SA, Clemens PR, Lacomis D. Characteristics of late-onset myasthenia gravis. J Neurol. 2012;259:2167–2171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzuki S, Utsugisawa K, Nagane Y, et al. Clinical and immunological differences between early and late-onset myasthenia gravis in Japan. J Neuroimmunol. 2011;230:148–152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Somnier FE. Increasing incidence of late-onset anti-AChR antibody-seropositive myasthenia gravis. Neurology. 2005;65:928–930.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murai H, Yamashita H, Nomura Y, et al. National epidemiological survey of myasthenia gravis in Japan.. Abstr 61st Annu Meet Am Acad Neurol. 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Matsui N, Nakane S, Nakagawa Y, et al. Increasing incidence of elderly onset patients with myasthenia gravis in a local area of Japan. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2009;80:1168–1171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heldal AT, Owe JF, Gilhus NE, et al. Seropositive myasthenia gravis: a nationwide epidemiologic study. Neurology. 2009;73:150–151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alshekhlee A, Miles JD, Katirji B, et al. Incidence and mortality rates of myasthenia gravis and myasthenic crisis in US hospitals. Neurology. 2009;72:1548–1554.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aarli JA. Myasthenia gravis in the elderly: is it different? Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008;1132:238–243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gajdos P, Tranchant C, Clair B, et al. Treatment of myasthenia gravis exacerbation with intravenous immunoglobulin: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Arch Neurol. 2005;62:1689–1693.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaretzki AR, Barohn RJ, Ernstoff RM, et al. Myasthenia gravis: recommendations for clinical research standards. Task force of the medical scientific advisory board of the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America. Neurology. 2000;55:16–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedersen EG, Hallas J, Hansen K, et al. Late-onset myasthenia not on the increase: a nationwide register study in Denmark, 1996-2009. Eur J Neurol. 2013;20:309–314.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirayama M, Sugishita T, Uono K (1974) Epidemiological study of myasthenia gravis (in Japanese). Annual Report of Myasthenia Gravis Research Committee. p. 50–66
   Google Scholar
• Uono MI. Clinical statistics of myasthenia gravis in Japan. Int J Neurol. 1980;14:87–99.
   Google Scholar
• Murai H, Yamashita N, Watanabe M, et al. Characteristics of myasthenia gravis according to onset-age: Japanese nationwide survey. J Neurol Sci. 2011;305:97–102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong V, Hawkins BR, Yu YL. Myasthenia gravis in Hong Kong Chinese. 2. Paediatric disease. Acta Neurol Scand. 1992;86:68–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang X, Liu WB, Men LN, et al. Clinical features of myasthenia gravis in southern China: a retrospective review of 2,154 cases over 22 years. Neurol Sci. 2013;34:911–917.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsuki K, Juji T, Tokunaga K, et al. HLA antigens in Japanese patients with myasthenia gravis. J Clin Invest. 1990;86:392–399.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalb B, Matell G, Pirskanen R, et al. Epidemiology of myasthenia gravis: a population-based study in Stockholm, Sweden. Neuroepidemiology. 2002;21:221–225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gui M, Luo X, Lin J, et al. Long-term outcome of 424 childhood-onset myasthenia gravis patients. J Neurol. 2015;262:823–830.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa J, Evangelista T, Conceicao I, et al. Repetitive nerve stimulation in myasthenia gravis–relative sensitivity of different muscles. Clin Neurophysiol. 2004;115:2776–2782.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Misra UK, Kalita J, Srivastava A. A study of diagnostic yield, technical ease and patient discomfort of low rate repetitive nerve stimulation test in patients with myasthenia gravis. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol. 2006;46:337–341.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Iwanami T, Sonoo M, Hatanaka Y, et al. Decremental responses to repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) in motor neuron disease. Clin Neurophysiol. 2011;122:2530–2536.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang W, Chen YP, Wang ZK, et al. A cohort study on myasthenia gravis patients in China. Neurol Sci. 2013;34:1759–1764.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavalcante P, Cufi P, Mantegazza R, et al. Etiology of myasthenia gravis: innate immunity signature in pathological thymus. Autoimmun Rev. 2013;12:863–874.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson NP, Deans J, Compston DA. Myasthenia gravis: a population based epidemiological study in Cambridgeshire, England. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1998;65:492–496.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donaldson DH, Ansher M, Horan S, et al. The relationship of age to outcome in myasthenia gravis. Neurology. 1990;40:786–790.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar