References
- Apfelbaum JL, Chen C, Mehta SS, et al. Postoperative pain experience: results from a national survey suggest postoperative pain continues to be undermanaged. Anesth Analg. 2003;97:534–540.
- Stephens J, Laskin B, Pashos C, et al. The burden of acute postoperative pain and the potential role of the cox-2-specific inhibitors. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2003;42(Suppl 3):40–52.
- Barres BA. The mystery and magic of glia: a perspective on their roles in health and disease. Neuron. 2008;6:430–440.
- Fields RD, Woo DH, Basser PJ. Glial regulation of the neuronal connectome through local and long distant communication. Neuron. 2015;86:374–386.
- Johnson GL, Lapadat R. Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways mediated by ERK, JNK, and p38 protein kinases. Science. 2002;298:1911–1912.
- Wen YR, Suter MR, Ji RR, et al. Activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in spinal microglia contributes to incision-induced mechanical allodynia. Anesthesiology. 2009;110:155–165.
- Cao J, Wang JS, Ren XH, et al. Spinal sample showing p-JNK and P38 associated with the pain signaling transduction of glial cell in neuropathic pain. Spinal Cord. 2015;53:92–97.
- Chen NF, Chen WF, Sung CS, et al. Contributions of p38 and erk to the antinociceptive effects of TGF-Beta1 in chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic rats. J Headache Pain. 2016;17:72.
- Tong SE, Daniels SE, Black P, et al. Novel p38alpha mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor shows analgesic efficacy in acute postsurgical dental pain. J Clin Pharmacol. 2012;52:717–728.
- Marco C, Montserrat C, Corine G, et al. MAP kinase phosphatase 3 (MKP3) interacts with and is phosphorylated by protein kinase CK2α. J Biol Chem. 2004;279:44731–44739.
- Liu S, Sun JP, Zhou B, et al. Structural basis of docking interactions between ERK2 and map kinase phosphatase 3. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006;103:5326–5331.
- Zhou Y, EA L, ST D. Dexamethasone suppresses monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production via mitogen activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 dependent inhibition of Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in activated rat microglia. J Neurochem. 2007;102:667–678.
- Chi H, Flavell RA. Acetylation of MKP-1 and the control of inflammation. Sci Signal. 2008;1:pe44.
- Landry RP, Martinez E, J A D, et al. Spinal cannabinoid receptor type 2 agonist reduces mechanical allodynia and induces mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatases in a rat model of neuropathic pain. J Pain. 2012;13:836–848.
- Reissner KJ, Brown RM, Spencer S, et al. Chronic administration of the methylxanthine propentofylline impairs reinstatement to cocaine by a GLT-1-dependent mechanism. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2014;39:499–506.
- Tawfik VL, Nutile-Mcmenemy N, Lacroix-Fralish ML, et al. Efficacy of propentofylline, a glial modulating agent, on existing mechanical allodynia following peripheral nerve injury. Brain Behav Immun. 2007;21:238–246.
- Sweitzer SM, Schubert P, Deleo JA. Propentofylline, a Glial modulating agent, exhibits antiallodynic properties in a rat model of neuropathic pain. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001;297:1210–1217.
- Haijiao ZH, Peng L, Yisa SH, et al. Role of spinal c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathway in incisional pain in rats. Chin J Anesthesiol. 2015;35:1463–1465.
- Jun L, Yuanyuan Y, Yisa SH, et al. Effect of intrathecal propentofylline in activation of microglias in spinal dorsal horn of rats with incisional pain. Chin J Anesthesiol. 2016;36:986–990.
- Haijiao ZH. The analgesic effect of propentofylline by inhibited the activation of spinal JNK pathway in post-incisional rats. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University. 2016; p. 1–61.
- Matthew SA, Carlos S, Russell PL, et al. Evidence for a role of endocannabinoids, astrocytes and p38 phosphorylation in the resolution of postoperative pain. PLoS One. 2010;5:1–15.
- Brennan TJ, Vandermeulen EP, Gebhart GF. Characterization of a rat model of incisional pain. Pain. 1996;64:493–501.
- Mestre C, Pelissier T, Fialip J, et al. A method to perform direct transcutaneous intrathecal injection in rats. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods. 1994;32:197–200.
- Chaplan SR, Bach FW, Pogrel JW, et al. Quantitative assessment of tactile allodynia in the rat paw. J Neurosci Methods. 1994;53:55–63.
- Wang HY, Cheng Z, Malbon CC. Overexpression of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatases MKP1, MKP2 in human breast cancer. Cancer Lett. 2003;191:229–237.
- Clark AR. Map kinase phosphatase 1: A novel mediator of biological effects of glucocorticoids? J Endocrinol. 2003;178:5–12.
- Ndong C, Landry RP, Deleo JA, et al. Mitogen activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 prevents the development of tactile sensitivity in a rodent model of neuropathic pain. Mol Pain. 2012;8:34.
- Jeffrey KL, Camps M, Rommel C, et al. Targeting dual-specificity phosphatases: manipulating map kinase signalling and immune responses. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2007;6:391–403.
- Park CK, Rudolphi KA. Antiischemic effects of propentofylline(HWA 285) against focal cerebral infarction in rats. Neurosci Lett. 1994;178:235–238.
- Wu FX, Miao XR, Chen J, et al. Inhibition of GAP-43 by propentofylline in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2013;6:1516–1522.
- Guo YL, Kang B, Williamson JR. Inhibition of the expression of mitogen-activated protein phosphatase-1 potentiates apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha in rat mesangial cells. J Biol Chem. 1998;273:10362–10366.