24
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Application

A Comparison of the X2, −2 Log R, and Multinomial Probability Criteria for Significance Tests When Expected Frequencies are Small

Pages 854-863 | Received 01 Jul 1975, Published online: 05 Apr 2012

References

  • Bartol , Henry J. May 1973 . “Accuracy of the Likelihood Ratio as an Approximation to the Exact Probability for 2 × 3 Contingency Tables with Small Expectations” , May , Department of Education, Lehigh University . Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation
  • Cochran , William G. 1936 . “The χ2 Distribution for the Binomial and Poisson Series, with Small Expectations” . Annals of Eugenics , 7 ( No. 2 ) : 207 – 17 .
  • Cochran , William G. 1942 . “The χ2 Correction for Continuity” . Iowa State Journal of Science , 16 : 421 – 36 .
  • Cochran , William G. 1952 . “The χ2 Test of Goodness of Fit” . The Annals of Mathematical Statistics , 23 ( No. 2 ) : 315 – 45 .
  • Conahan , Mary A. November 1970 . “The Comparative Accuracy of the Likelihood Ratio and X 2 as Approximations to the Exact Multinomial Test” , November , Department of Education, Lehigh University . Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation
  • Fisher , Ronald A. 1971 . “On the Mathematical Foundations of Theoretical Statistics” . In Collected Papers of R.A. Fisher, Vol. I, 1912–24 , Edited by: Bennett , J. H. 324 – 5 . South Australia : Coudrey Offset Press, University of Adelaide .
  • Fisher , Ronald A. 1950 . “The Significance of Deviations from Expectation in a Poisson Series” . Biometrics , 6 March : 17 – 24 .
  • Gibbons , Jean D. and Pratt , John W. 1975 . “P-Values: Interpretation and Methodology” . The American Statistician , 29 ( No. 1 ) : 20 – 25 .
  • Good , I. J. , Gover , T. N. and Mitchell , G. J. 1970 . “Exact Distributions for X 2 and for the Likelihood Ratio Statistic for the Equiprobable Multinomial Distribution” . Journal of the American Statistical Association , 65 March : 267 – 83 .
  • Lehmer , D. H. 1964 . “The Machine Tools of Combinatorics” . In Applied Combinatorial Mathematics , Edited by: Beckenbach , E. F. 25 – 6 . New York : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. .
  • Neyman , J. and Pearson , E. S. 1931 . “Further Notes on the χ2 Distribution” . Biometrika , 22 May : 298 – 305 .
  • Pearson , E. S. and Hartley , H. O. 1972 . Biometrika Tables for Statisticians, Vol. II , London : Cambridge University Press .
  • Radlow , Robert and Alf , Edward F. Jr. 1975 . “An Alternate Multinomial Assessment of the Accuracy of the χ2 Test of Goodness of Fit” . Journal of the American Statistical Association , 70 December : 811 – 13 .
  • Roscoe , John T. and Byars , Jackson A. 1971 . “An Investigation of the Restraints with Respect to Sample Size Commonly Imposed on the Use of the Chi-Square Statistics” . Journal of the American Statistical Association , 66 December : 755 – 9 .
  • Sukhatme , P. V. 1938 . “On the Distribution of χ2 in Samples of the Poisson Series” . Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Supplement , 5 ( No. 1 ) : 75 – 9 .
  • Tate , Merle W. and Leon , Hyer A. 1973 . “Inaccuracy of the X 2 Test of Goodness of Fit When Expected Frequencies Are Small” . Journal of the American Statistical Association , 68 December : 836 – 41 .
  • Tate , Merle W. and Leon , Hyer A. 1970 . “Significance Values for an Exact Multinomial Test and Accuracy of the Chi-Square Approximation” , Office of Education, Bureau of Research, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare . Final Project Report No. 8-B-023, 1969. eric, Ed. 040886
  • West , Eric N. and Kempthorne , Oscar . 1972 . “A Comparison of the Chi2 and Likelihood Ratio Tests for Composite Alternatives” . Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation , 1 January : 1 – 33 .
  • Yarnold , James K. 1970 . “The Minimum Expectation in X 2 Goodness-of-Fit Tests and the Accuracy of Approximations for the Null Distribution” . Journal of the American Statistical Association , 65 June : 864 – 86 .
  • Yates , F. 1934 . “Contingency Tables Involving Small Numbers and the χ2 Tests” . Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Supplement , 1 ( No. 2 ) : 217 – 35 .
  • Zahn , Douglas A. and Roberts , Gail C. 1971 . “Exact χ2 Criterion Tables with Cell Expectations One: An Application to Coleman's Measure of Consensus” . Journal of the American Statistical Association , 66 March : 145 – 8 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.