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Articles

Female small and medium-sized enterprise ownership in Lithuania: A comparison

Pages 332-353 | Published online: 28 Feb 2007

Notes

  • Unicef . 1999 . Women in Transition Florence Kanopienė, V. “Darbo Rinka ir Socialinė Apsauga,” in G. Purvanevickienė and J. Šeduikienė, eds. Moterys Lietuvoje, Danielius. Vilnius, 2000. Pp. 65–91.
  • OECD Working Party on Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises . Nov. 2000 . Women Entrepreneurs: Improving Knowledge and Statistics Nov. , 16
  • See also Nelson J.A. Feminism, Objectivity and Economics Routledge London 1996
  • Lithuanian Department of Statistics . 1996 . Enterprises of Lithuania in the Panorama of Europe Vilnius
  • Aidis , R. 1998 . Women and Entrepreneurship in Lithuania: Research Results and Recommendations , Fulbright study report Aidis, R. “Moterų verslininkių problemos,” in A. Vosyliutė et al. Moterys: Tapatumo paieškos. Vilnius: Lietuvos Filosofijos ir sociologijos institutes, 1999. Pp. 58–75.
  • Lithuanian Development Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEDA) . 2002 . Survey of Lithuanian SMEs , http://www.svv.lt
  • UNDP . 1999 . Lithuanian Human Development Report Vilnius
  • OECD . 2000 . Small Businesses, Job Creation and Growth: Facts, Obstacles and Best Practices , http://www.oecd.org
  • See OECD Working Party on Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Women Entrepreneurs: Improving Knowledge and Statistics 2000 Nov. 16
  • 2000 . National Foundation of Women Business Owners , http://www.nfwbo.org
  • source: see OECD Small Businesses, Job Creation and Growth: Facts, Obstacles and Best Practices 2000
  • See Lithuanian Development Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEDA) Survey of Lithuanian SMEs 2002
  • Lithuanian Development Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEDA) . 2002 . Survey of Lithuanian SMEs
  • These results are based on an Australia-Canada-Korea-Mexico-United States APEC project 1999, a study in Brazil SEBRAE 2000 in Denmark (Danish Agency for Trade and Industry, 1998) and in Ireland (Network Ireland, 1998).
  • See Lithuanian Development Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEDA) Survey of Lithuanian SMEs 2002 OECD Working Party on Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises. Financing for Women-Owned Businesses. Nov. 21, 2000.
  • see Lithuanian Development Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEDA) Survey of Lithuanian SMEs 2002
  • Brush , C. 1992 . “ Research on Women Business Owners: Past Trends, a New Perspective and Future Directions ” . In Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice 5 – 30 . Summer
  • Please refer to Encyclopedia of entrepreneurship Kent C.A. Sexton D.L. Vesper K.H. Prentice Hall Englewood Cliffs 1982
  • Charbonneau , J. June 1981 . “ The woman entrepreneur ” . In American Demographics June , 21–23 Watkins, J. and D. Watkins. “The female entrepreneur: Background and determinants of business choice — Some British data,” in Hornaday J.A., J.A. Timmons and K.H. Vesper, eds. Frontiers of entrepreneurship research. Wellesley, MA: Babson College, 1983. Pp. 271–88; Hisrich, R.D. and C. Brush. “The woman entrepreneur: Implications of family, educational, and occupational experience,” in Ibid. Pp. 54–77; Mescon, T.S., G.E. Stevens, and G. S. Vozikis. “Women as entrepreneurs: An empirical evaluation,” Wisconsin Small Business Forum, 2:2 (1983–84): 7–17; Honig-Haftel, S. and L. Martin. “Is the female entrepreneur at a disadvantage?” Thrust: The Journal for Employment and Training Professionals, 7 (1986): 49–64; Neider, L. “A preliminary investigation of female entrepreneurs in Florida,” Journal of Small Business Management, 25:3 (1987):22–9.
  • Stevenson , L.A. 1986 . Against all odds: The entrepreneurship of women . Journal of Small Business Management , 24 ( 4 ) : 30 – 36 .
  • Scheier , J.W. 1975 . The female entrepreneur: A pilot study , Milwaukee : The Center for Venture Management . Schwartz, E.B. “Entrepreneurship. A new female frontier” Journal of Contemporary Business, Winter (1976): 47–76; Welsch, H.B. and E.C. Young. “Comparative analysis of male and female entrepreneurs with respect to personality characteristics, small business problems, and information source preferences,” Proceedings -International Council for Small Business, 1982. Pp. 2–10; Geoffee, R. and R. Scase. “Business ownership and women's subordination: A preliminary study of female proprietors,” The Sociological Review, 31:4 (1983): 625–48; see endnote 27 (Hisrich and Brush); Chaganti, R. “Management in women-owned enterprises,” Journal of Small Business Management, 24:4 (1986): 18–29; Longstreth, M, K. Stafford, and T. Mauldin, “Self-employed women and their families: Time use and socio-economic characteristics,” Journal of Small Business management, 25:3 (1988): 30–7.
  • See Scheier J.W. The female entrepreneur: A pilot study The Center for Venture Management Milwaukee 1975 (Schrier, Schwartz)
  • Scherer , R.F. , Brodzinski , J.D. and Wiebe , F. 1990 . Entrepreneur career selection and gender: A socialization approach . Journal of Small Business Management , 28 ( 2 ) : 37 – 43 . see endnote 29 (Geoffee and Scase); Scott, C.E. “Why more women are becoming entrepreneurs,” Journal of Small Business Management, 24:4 (1986): 37–44; see endnote 29; Kaplan, E. “Women entrepreneurs: Constructing a framework to examine venture success and business failures,” in B.A. Kirchoff, et al. Frontiers of entrepreneurship research, Wellesley, MA: Babson College, 1988. Pp. 625–37; Holmquist, C. and E. Sundin. “Women as entrepreneurs in Sweden — conclusions from a survey,” in ibid. Pp. 643–53; Brush, C. “Women and enterprise creation: Barriers and opportunities,” in Gould, S. and J. Parzen, eds. Enterprising Women: Local Initiatives for Job Creation. Paris: OECD. Pp. 37–58.
  • Birley , S. , Moss , C. and Sanders , P. 1987 . “ Do women entrepreneurs require different training? ” . In American Journal of Small Business 27 – 35 . Summer
  • See Charbonneau J. The woman entrepreneur American Demographics 1981 June 21–23 (Hisrich and Brush); see endnote 29 (Welsch and Young); see endnote 31 (Scott); see endnote 27 (Neider); see endnote 27 (Watkins and Watkins), see endnote 28 (Stevenson).
  • See Scheier J.W. The female entrepreneur: A pilot study The Center for Venture Management Milwaukee 1975 (Schrier); Smith, N.R., G. McCain and A. Warren. “Women entrepreneurs really are different: A comparison of constructed ideal types of male and female entrepreneurs,” in Frontiers of entrepreneurship research, Wellesley, MA: Babson College, 1982. Pp. 68–77; see endnote 27 (Hisrich and Brush); Cuba, R., Decenzo, D., and A. Anish. “Management practices of successful female business owners,” American Journal of Small Business, 8:2 (1983): 40–5; see endnote 27 (Scott); see endnote 27 (Neider).
  • See Charbonneau J. The woman entrepreneur American Demographics 1981 June 21–23 (Hisrich and Brush); see endnote 34 (Cuba, Decenzo, and Anish); see endnote 27 (Mescon, Stevens and Vozikis).
  • See Scheier J.W. The female entrepreneur: A pilot study The Center for Venture Management Milwaukee 1975 (Cuba, Decenzo and Anish), see endnote 27 (Hisrich and Brush); see endnote 29 (Welsch and Young); see endnote 27 (Scott).
  • See Brush C. Research on Women Business Owners: Past Trends, a New Perspective and Future Directions Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice 1992 5 30 Summer
  • Hisrich , R.D. and Fulop , G. 1997 . Women entrepreneurs in family business: The Hungarian case . Family Business Review , X ( 3 ) : 281 – 302 .
  • Hisrich , R.D. and Fulop , G. 1997 . Women entrepreneurs in family business: The Hungarian case . Family Business Review , X ( 3 ) : 300 – 300 .
  • Glas , M. and Petrin , T. Entrepreneurship: New challenge for Slovene women Paper
  • Zapalska , A. 1997 . A profile of Woman entrepreneurs and enterprises in Poland . Journal of Small Business Management , April : 111 – 117 .
  • Based on panel survey data of approximately 1700 private businesses gathered by the Department of Statistics in Lithuania in Jančauskas A. Verslo Pletra: Lietuvoje ir Vidurio Europoje Lithuanian Department of Statistics Vilnius 2000
  • See also Aidis R. Officially despised yet tolerated: Open-air markets and entrepreneurship in post-Socialist countries Post-Communist Economies 2003 forthcoming
  • See Zapalska A. A profile of Woman entrepreneurs and enterprises in Poland Journal of Small Business Management April 1997 111 117
  • See Brush C. Research on Women Business Owners: Past Trends, a New Perspective and Future Directions Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice 1992 5 30 Summer
  • Brush , C. 1992 . “ Research on Women Business Owners: Past Trends, a New Perspective and Future Directions ” . In Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice 5 – 30 . Summer
  • Kanopiene , V. 2000 . “ Darbo Rinka ir Socialine Apsauga ” . In Moterys Lietuvoje , Edited by: Purvaneckiene , G. and Seduikiene , J. 65 – 91 . Vilnius : Danielius . in
  • Kanopiene , V. 2000 . “ Darbo Rinka ir Socialine Apsauga ” . In Moterys Lietuvoje , Edited by: Purvaneckiene , G. and Seduikiene , J. 65 – 91 . Vilnius : Danielius . in
  • Kanopiene , V. 2000 . “ Darbo Rinka ir Socialine Apsauga ” . In Moterys Lietuvoje , Edited by: Purvaneckiene , G. and Seduikiene , J. 65 – 91 . Vilnius : Danielius . in
  • Percentages for these different variables are calculated separately for men and women and as a result are able to capture gender-specific differences within a given country UNDP Human Development Report 2000
  • Please refer to Aidis R. By Law and By Custom: Factors affecting small and medium-sized enterprise development during the transition in Lithuania Amsterdam 2003 Thela Thesis
  • See Brush C. Research on Women Business Owners: Past Trends, a New Perspective and Future Directions Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice 1992 5 30 Summer
  • See Scheier J.W. The female entrepreneur: A pilot study The Center for Venture Management Milwaukee 1975 (Changati); see endnote 34 (Cuba, R., Decenzo, D., and A. Anish); see endnote 27 (Neider).
  • See Aidis R. Women and Entrepreneurship in Lithuania: Research Results and Recommendations Fulbright study report 1998 and 25
  • See Aidis R. By Law and By Custom: Factors affecting small and medium-sized enterprise development during the transition in Lithuania Amsterdam 2003 Thela Thesis (Aidis)

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