601
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Article

The Arctic, Baltic, and North-Atlantic ‘cooperative regions’ in ‘Wider Northern Europe’: similarities and differences

References

  • Aalto, P., A. Espiritu, D. Lanko, and S. Naundorf. (2011). Coherent Northern Dimension. Report of the Northern Dimension Institute, 28 October. On-line available at http://www.uta.fi/jkk/jmc/expertise/index/NDI%20report%20final.pdf (accessed on November 21, 2016).
  • ACIA (Arctic Climate Impact Assessment). 2004. Impacts of a Warming Arctic – Arctic Climate Impact Assessment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Ackren, M. 2014. “Greenlandic Paradiplomatic Relations.” In Security and Sovereignty in the North Atlantic, ed. L. Heininen, 28–61. London: Palgrave.
  • AHDR (Arctic Human Development Report). 2004. Arctic Human Development Report. Akureyri: Stefansson Arctic Institute.
  • Arctic Council. (2015). 9th Ministerial Meeting of the Arctic Council, April 24-25. On-line available at http://www.international.gc.ca/arctic-arctique/final-declaration-finale.aspx?lang=eng (accessed on November 1, 2016).
  • Bailes, A. J. K. 2014. “The Small Nations of the Wider Arctic Space. Security Challenges, Policy Optins.” The Yearbook of Polar Law 6: 598–628. doi:10.1163/1876-8814_021.
  • Bailes, A. J. K., and L. Heininen. 2012. “Strategy Papers on the Arctic or High North: A Comparative Study and Analysis.” In Occasional Paper of the Centre for Small State Studies. Iceland: University of Iceland.
  • Bertelsen, R. 2014. “Devolution and Withdrawal: Denmark and the North Atlantic.” In Security and Sovereignty in the North Atlantic, ed. L. Heininen, 9–27. London: Palgrave.
  • CBSS. 1992. CBSS 1st Ministerial Session, 5-6 March 1992 – Copenhagen Declaration. Copenhagen.
  • Dangerfield, M. 2016. “From Subregionalism to Macro-regionalism in Europe and the European Union.” In A ‘Macro-regional’ Europe in the Making. Theoretical Approaches and Empirical Evidence, ed. S. Gänzle, and K. Kern, 25–45. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • European Commission. 2008. Communication on the European Union and the Arctic Region. COM(2008)763final. Brussels: The European Commission. 20 November.
  • European Commission and EU High Representative. 2012. Developing a European Union Policy towards the Arctic Region: Report on Progress since 2008 and Next Steps. Brussels: The European Commission. June 26, JOIN(2012) 19 final.
  • Heininen, L. 2001. “Ideas and Outcomes: Finding a Concrete Form for the Northern Dimension Initiative.” In The Northern Dimension: Fuel for the EU?, ed. H. Ojanen, 20–53. Helsinki: FIIA, Finnish Institute for International Affairs.
  • Heininen, L. 2004. “Circumpolar International Relations and Geopolitics.” In AHDR, ed. N. Einarsson and O. Young, 207–225. Akureyri: Stefansson Arctic Institute.
  • Heininen, L. 2009. “The Barents Region in the State Interests and International Politics.” Barents Journal 1 (7): 5–10.
  • Heininen, L. 2011. Arctic Strategies and Policies – Inventory and Comparative Study. Akureyri: Northern Research Forum and University of Lapland.
  • Heininen, L. 2012. “Northern Europe Shaping (New) Northern Geopolitics.” In European Integration and Baltic Sea Region Studies: University-Business Partnership through the Triple Helix Approach, ed. T. Muravska, and G. Prause, 292–306. Berlin: Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag.
  • Heininen, L. 2013. “Politicization of the Environment: Environmental Politics and Security in the Circumpolar North.” In: The Fast-Changing Arctic: Rethinking Arctic Security for a Warmer World, 35–55, ed. by B.S. Zellen. Calgary: University of Calgary Press.
  • Heininen, L., ed. 2014. Security and Sovereignty in the North Atlantic. London: Palgrave.
  • Heininen, L., J. Ahola, and E. Frog. 2014. “‘Geopolitics’ of the Viking Age? - Actors, Factors and Space.” In Fibula, Fabula, Fact: The Viking Age in Finland, ed. J. Ahola, E. Frog, and C. Tolley, 296–320. Vantaa: Studia Fennica Historica. Finnish Literature Society.
  • Heininen, L., and J. Käkönen, eds. 1998. The New North of Europe. Perspectives on the Northern Dimension. Tampere: Tampere Peace Research Institute.
  • Heininen, L., and L. Puka. 2014. “The Baltic Sea Region and the Arctic.” In Political State of the Region Report 2014, ed. B. Hennigsen, T. Etzold, and C. Opitz, 22–25. Copenhagen: Baltic Development Forum.
  • Heininen, L., and C. Southcott, eds. 2010. Globalization and the Circumpolar North. Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press.
  • HELCOM. 2007. Baltic Sea Action Plan. Helsinki: Helsinki Commission.
  • Hettne, B. 1994. “The New Regionalism: Implications for Development and Peace.” In The New Regionalism, ed. B. Hettne, and A. Inotai, 8–12. Helsinki: WIDER.
  • Joenniemi, P., and A. Sergunin. 2015. “Russian Sub-national Actors: Paradiplomacies in the European and Russian Arctic.” In Future Security of the Global Arctic. Defense, Sovereignty and Climate, ed. L. Heininen, 55–76. London: Palgrave.
  • Käkönen, J., and K. Lähteenmäki. 1995. Regionalization and the Theory of International Relations. Tampere: Tampere Peace Research Institute, Research Report No. 64.
  • Mitrany, D. 1966. A Working Peace System. Chicago: Quadrangle Books.
  • Nielsson, E. T. 2013. “The West Nordic Council and Its Arctic Engagement.” In The Arctic Yearbook 2013 – The Arctic of Regions vs. the Globalized Arctic. On-line available at http://www.arcticyearbook.com
  • Nordic Council of Ministers. 2012. More is Better … Nordic-Baltic Cooperation 1991-2031. Estonia: Norden.
  • Oldberg, I. 2013. The Role of Regional Councils. A Comparative Study of Neighbourhood Cooperation in the Baltic Sea and Barents Euro-arctic Regions. Reykjavik: Centre for Arctic Policy Studies and Institute of International Affairs.
  • Palosaari, T. 2012. “The Amazing Race. On Resources, Conflict, and Cooperation in the Arctic.” In Nordia Geographical Publications 40 (4): 13–30.
  • Pettersen, O. 2002. The Vision that Became Reality. The Regional Barents Cooperation 1993–2003. Kirkenes: The Barents Secretariat.
  • Söderbaum, F. 2016. Rethinking Regionalism. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Spruds, A., and T. Rostoks, eds. 2014. Perceptions and Strategies of Arcticness in the Sub-Arctic Europe. Riga: Latvian Institute of International Affairs.
  • Stoltenberg, T. 1992. “The Barents Region: Reorganizing Northern Europe.” In International Challenges 12 (4): 5–12.
  • The Kirkenes Declaration on Cooperation in the Barents Euro-Arctic Region. 1993. Adopted at the Conference of Foreign Ministers in Kirkenes. 11 January. Norway.
  • The Kiruna Declaration. 2013. Adopted at the Ministerial Meeting of the Arctic Council on the 15th of May 2013 in Kiruna. Sweden: The Arctic Council. On-line available at http://www.arctic-council.org
  • The Ottawa Declaration. 1996. Declaration on the Establishment of the Arctic Council, 19th day of September 1996 in Ottawa. Canada: The Arctic Council. On-line available at http://www.arctic-council.org/establ.asp
  • Yang, J., and B. Cheng. (2013). The Development Trends in Arctic Management Mechanism and China’s Participation. Paper presentation in 2013 (memo).
  • Yeager, B. 2015. “A Regional Seas Approach for the Arctic: What Does It Mean?” In The Circle – WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature) Magazine 1: 20–22.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.