Science policy meets post-New Public Management: Estonian and Finnish reforms 2012–2015

References

• Academy of Finland. 2016. Strategic Research Program Calls: Changing Society and Active Citizenship Adaptation and Resilience for Sustainable Growth Keys to Sustainable Growth. Helsinki: Academy of Finland. https://www.aka.fi/globalassets/10rahoitus/hakuilmoitukset/stn-hakuilmoitus_24112016_en.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Barré, R., L. Henriques, D. Pontikakis, and K. M. Weber. 2013. “Measuring the Integration and Coordination Dynamics of the European Research Area.” Science & Public Policy 40: 187–205.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bezes, P., A.-L. Fimreite, P. Le Lidec, and P. Lægreid. 2013. “Understanding Organizational Reforms in the Modern State: Specialization and Integration in Norway and France.” Governance 26 (1): 147–175.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun, D. 1993. “Who Governs Intermediary Agencies? Principal-Agent Relations in Research Policy-Making.” Journal of Public Policy 13 (2): 135–162. doi:10.1017/S0143814X00000994.
   Google Scholar
• Braun, D. 1998. “The Role of Funding Agencies in the Cognitive Development of Science.” Research Policy 27 (8): 807–821. doi:10.1016/S0048-7333(98)00092-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen, T. 2012. “Post NPM and Changing Public Governance.” Meiji Journal of Political Science and Economics 1 (1): 1–11.
   Google Scholar
• Christensen, T., and P. Lægreid. 2007a. “The Whole-of-Government Approach to Public Sector Reform.” Public Administration Review 67 (6): 1059–1066. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6210.2007.00797.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen, T., and P. Lægreid. 2007b. Transcending New Public Management. The Transformation of Public Sector Reforms. Aldershot: Ashgate.
   Google Scholar
• Clark, D. 2001. “The Changing Face of Audit and Evaluation in Government: A Franco-British Comparison.” Public Policy and Administration 16 (4): 20–33. doi:10.1177/095207670101600403.
   Google Scholar
• Collier, R. B., and D. Collier. 1991. Shaping the Political Arena: Critical Junctures, the Labour Movement and Regime Dynamics in Latin America. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dahlström, C., J. Pierre, and B. G. Peters. 2011. Steering from the Centre: Strengthening Political Control in Western Democracies. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
   Google Scholar
• De Raymond, A. B. 2018. “‘Aligning Activities’: Coordination, Boundary Activities, and Agenda Setting in Interdisciplinary Research.” Science & Public Policy 45 (5): 621–633.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elzinga, A. 2012. “Features of the Current Science Policy Regime: Viewed in Historical Perspective.” Science & Public Policy 39 (4): 416–428. doi:10.1093/scipol/scs046.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ETAG. 2016. Estonian Research Council Statistics: R&D Funding in Estonia. Accessed 7 July 2017. http://www.etag.ee/en/
   Google Scholar
• Eymeri-Douzans, J. M. 2011. “NPM-inspired Reforms Legacy: A Common Praxeologic, A Variety of Acclimatizations, A Renewed Bureaucratization.” In Administrative Reforms and Democratic Governance, edited by J. M. Eymeri-Douzans and J. Pierre, 9–26. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Goetz, K. H., and H. Z. Margetts. 1999. “The Solitary Center: The Core Executive in Central and Eastern Europe.” Governance 12 (4): 425–453. doi:10.1111/0952-1895.00112.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goetz, K. H., and H. Wollmann. 2001. “Governmentalizing Central Executives in Post-communist Europe: A Four-country Comparison.” Journal of European Public Policy 8 (6): 864–887. doi:10.1080/13501760110098260.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greve, C., and G. Hodge. 2007. “Public–Private Partnerships: A Comparative Perspective on Victoria and Denmark.” In Transcending New Public Management: The Transformation of Public Sector Reforms, edited by T. Christensen and P. Lægreid, 179–201. Aldershot: Ashgate.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, P. A., and R. C. R. Taylor. 1996. “Political Science and the Three New Institutionalisms.” Political Studies 44 (5): 936–957. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9248.1996.tb00343.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halme, K., V. P. Saarnivaara, and J. Mitchell. 2016. RIO Country Report 2015: Finland. Brussels: European Commission.
   Google Scholar
• Harrinvirta, M., and P. Puoskari. 2001. “Kehysbudjetointi poliittisena päätöksentekoprosessina.” Kansantaloudellinen aikakauskirja 97 (3): 445–459.
   Google Scholar
• Hessels, L. K. 2013. “Coordination in the Science System: Theoretical Framework and a Case Study of an Intermediary Organization.” Minerva 51 (3): 317–339. doi:10.1007/s11024-013-9230-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hood, C. 1991. “A Public Management for All Seasons?” Public Administration 69 (1): 3–19. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1991.tb00779.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Immonen, K. 1995. Suomen Akatemia suomalaisessa tiedepolitiikassa 1970-luvulla. Helsinki: Otava.
   Google Scholar
• Irwin, A. 2008. “STS Perspectives on Scientific Governance.” In The Handbook of Science and Technology Studies, edited by E. J. Hackett, O. Amsterdamska, M. Lynch, and J. Wajcman, 583–607. London: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Karo, E. 2010. “Improving Governance of Science and Innovation Policies, or Just Bad Policy Emulation? The Case of the Estonian R&D System.” Halduskultuur/Administrative Culture 11 (2): 174–201.
   Google Scholar
• Karo, E. 2011. “The Evolution of Innovation Policy Governance Systems and Policy Capacities in the Baltic States.” Journal of Baltic Studies 42 (4): 511–536. doi:10.1080/01629778.2011.621739.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karo, E., and V. Lember. 2016. “Emergence of Societal Challenges Based Innovation Policy in Market-based Innovation Systems: Lessons from Estonia.” Working Papers in Technology Governance and Economic Dynamics 65: 1–34.
   Google Scholar
• Kattel, R. 2004. “Governance of Innovation Policy: The Case of Estonia.” Trames 8 (4): 397–418.
   Google Scholar
• Kekkonen, S., and T. Raunio. 2011. “Towards Stronger Political Steering: Program Management Reform in the Finnish Government.” In Steering from the Centre: Strengthening Political Control in Western Democracies, edited by C. Dahlström, B. G. Peters, and J. Pierre, 241–262. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kolltveit, K. 2015. “Strengthening of the Executive Center: Looking beyond NPM as the Explanation for Change.” International Review of Administrative Sciences 81 (1): 18–36. doi:10.1177/0020852314541566.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lægreid, P., T. Randma-Liiv, L. H. Rykkja, and K. Sarapuu. 2015. “Emerging Coordination Practices of European Central Governments.” International Review of Administrative Sciences 81 (2): 346–351. doi:10.1177/0020852315579398.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahoney, J., and K. Thelen. 2010. Explaining Institutional Change: Ambiguity, Agency, and Power. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Masso, J., and K. Ukraninski. 2009. “Competition for Public Project Funding in a Small Research System: The Case of Estonia.” Science & Public Policy 36 (9): 683–695. doi:10.3152/030234209X479502.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mykkänen, J. 2016. Strategic Government Program: Overview of the Procedure and Its Execution. Helsinki: Finnish Economic Policy Council.
   Google Scholar
• NAO. 2009. Politiikkaohjelmat: Valtiontalouden tarkastusviraston tutkimuksia ja selvityksiä. Helsinki: National Audit Office.
   Google Scholar
• O’Brien, L., M. Marzano, and R. M. White. 2013. “‘Participatory Interdisciplinarity:’ Towards the Integration of Disciplinary Diversity with Stakeholder Engagement for New Models of Knowledge Production.” Science & Public Policy 40 (1): 51–61. doi:10.1093/scipol/scs120.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OECD. 2012. OECD Public Governance Reviews: Estonia: Towards a Single Government Approach. Paris: OECD.
   Google Scholar
• OECD. 2016. OECD Public Governance Reviews: Estonia and Finland: Fostering Strategic Capacity across Governments and Digital Services across Borders. Paris: OECD.
   Google Scholar
• Ongaro, E. 2013. “The Administrative Reform Trajectory of the European Commission in Comparative Perspective: Historical New Institutionalism in Compound Systems.” Public Policy and Administration 28 (4): 346–363. doi:10.1177/0952076713481486.
   Google Scholar
• OSF. 2015. Tutkimus- ja kehittämisrahoitus valtion talousarviossa. Helsinki: Official Statistics of Finland.
   Google Scholar
• Paradeise, C., E. Reale, I. Bleiklie, and E. Ferlie, eds. 2009. University Governance: Western European Comparative Perspectives. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Parliament of Finland. 2014. Government proposal 74/2014. Hallituksen esitys eduskunnalle laiksi Teknologian tutkimuskeskus VTT Oy -nimisestä osakeyhtiöstä ja eräiksi siihen liittyviksi laeiksi. Helsinki: Parliament of Finland.
   Google Scholar
• Peters, B. G. 2004. “Back to the Centre? Rebuilding the State.” Political Quarterly 75 (1): 130–140. doi:10.1111/j.1467-923X.2004.628_1.x.
   Google Scholar
• Pierson, P. 2000. “Path Dependency, Increasing Returns, and the Study of Politics.” The American Political Science Review 94 (3): 251–267. doi:10.2307/2586011.
   Google Scholar
• PMO. 2011. Pääministeri Jyrki Kataisen hallituksen ohjelma. Government Program Declaration, 22 June 2011. Helsinki: Prime Minister’s Office. https://valtioneuvosto.fi/documents/10184/147449/Kataisen+hallituksen+ohjelma/81f1c20f-e353-47a8-8b8f-52ead83e5f1a/Kataisen+hallituksen+ohjelma.pdf
   Google Scholar
• PMO. 2012. Valtion tutkimuslaitokset ja tutkimusrahoitus: esitys kokonaisuudistukseksi. Prime Minister’s Office Publication series 3/2012. Helsinki: Prime Minister’s Office. https://valtioneuvosto.fi/documents/10616/336900/Valtion+tutkimuslaitokset+ja+tutkimusrahoitus_esitys+kokonaisuudistukseksi.pdf
   Google Scholar
• PMO. 2013. Valtioneuvoston periaatepäätös valtion tutkimuslaitosten ja tutkimusrahoituksen. kokonaisuudistukseksi. Government Resolution of 5 September 2013. Helsinki: Prime Minister’s Office. https://vnk.fi/documents/10616/1034423/vnp-valtion-tutkimuslaitosten-ja-tutkimusrahoituksen-kokonaisuudistukseksi-05092013.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Polanyi, M. 1962. “The Republic of Science: Its Political and Economic Theory.” Minerva 1 (1): 54–74. doi:10.1007/BF01101453.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollitt, C., and G. Bouckaert. 2017. Public Management Reform: A Comparative Analysis – Into the Age of Austerity. Fourth Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Randma-Liiv, T., V. Nakrosis, and G. Hajnal. 2011. “Public Sector Organization in Central and Eastern Europe: From Agencification to De-agencification.” Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences [S.I.] 160–175.
   Google Scholar
• Randma-Liiv, T., and K. Tõnnisson. 2006. “Country Public Management Profile: Estonia.” Paper Presented at the NISPAcee Annual Conference, WGII: The Impact of Public Management Reforms in CEE and the CIS, Ljubljana, 11–13. May. doi:10.1.1.460.7241&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Raudla, R., E. Karo, K. Valdmaa, and R. Kattel. 2015. “Implications of Project-based Funding of Research on Budgeting and Financial Management in Public Universities.” Higher Education 70 (6): 957–971. doi:10.1007/s10734-015-9875-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reiter, R., and T. Klenk. 2018. “The Manifold Meanings of ‘Post-new Public Management’: A Systematic Literature Review.” International Review of Administrative Sciences 85 (1): 11–27. doi:10.1177/0020852318759736.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruttas-Küttim, R., and B. Stamenov. 2016. RIO Country Report 2015: Estonia. Brussels: European Commission.
   Google Scholar
• Sarapuu, K. 2011. “Post-Communist Development of Administrative Structure in Estonia: From Fragmentation to Segmentation.” Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences 35 (4): 54–73.
   Google Scholar
• Sarapuu, K. 2012a. “Estonia.” In Government Agencies: Practices and Lessons from 30 Countries, edited by K. Verhoest, S. Van Thiel, G. Bouckaert, and P. Lægreid, 277–287. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Sarapuu, K. 2012b. “Administrative Structure in Times of Changes: The Development of Estonian Ministries and Government Agencies 1990–2010.” International Journal of Public Administration 35 (12): 808–819. doi:10.1080/01900692.2012.715561.
   Google Scholar
• Savolainen, R. 1996. Keskusvirastolinnakkeista virastoarmeijaksi. Senaatin ja valtioneuvoston alainen keskushallinto Suomessa 1809–1995. Helsinki: Edita.
   Google Scholar
• Streeck, W., and K. Thelen. 2005. “Introduction: Institutional Change in Advanced Political Economics.” In Beyond Continuity: Institutional Change in Advanced Political Economics, edited by W. Streeck and K. Thelen, 1–39. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Temmes, M., and M. Kiviniemi. 1997. Suomen hallinnon muuttuminen 1987–1995. Helsinki: Edita.
   Google Scholar
• Thelen, K. 1999. “Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Politics.” Annual Review of Political Science 2 (1): 369–404. doi:10.1146/annurev.polisci.2.1.369.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiihonen, S. 1985. Valtioneuvosto koordinoijana: Teoria ja käytäntö vuosina 1939–56. Helsinki: Valtion painatuskeskus.
   Google Scholar
• Tiihonen, S. 1990. Talouden ylivalta. Helsinki: Valtion painatuskeskus.
   Google Scholar
• Tõnnisson, K. 2006. “The Applicability of New Public Management Principles in Estonian Local Government.” PhD diss., University of Tartu.
   Google Scholar
• Toots, A. 2009. “Brussels Comes via Helsinki: The Role of Finland in Europeanisation of Estonian Education Policy.” Halduskultuur 10: 58–73.
   Google Scholar
• Vähä-Savo, V. 2016. Sektoritutkimuksen genealogia: Komissioista ja toimistoista valtiolliseen tutkimusjärjestelmään. Tampere: Tampere University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Van der Meulen, B. 2003. “New Roles and Strategies of a Research Council: Intermediation of the Principal-agent Relationship.” Science & Public Policy 30 (5): 323–336. doi:10.3152/147154303781780344.
   Google Scholar
• Viks, K., and T. Randma-Liiv. 2005. “Facing the Challenges of EU Accession: Development of Coordination Structures in Estonia.” International Journal of Organization Theory and Behavior 8 (1): 67–102. doi:10.1108/IJOTB-08-01-2005-B003.
   Google Scholar
• Virtanen, T. 2016. “Finland: Active Reformer Looking for More Centralisation and Horizontal Coordination.” In Public Administration Reforms in Europe: The View from the Top, edited by G. Hammerschmid, S. Van de Walle, R. Andrews, and P. Bezes, 129–139. Cheltenham: Elgar.
   Google Scholar
• Yin, R. K. 2012. Case Study Research: Design and Methods. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Yliaska, V. 2015. “New Public Management as a Response to the Crisis of the 1970s: The Case of Finland, 1970–1990.” Contemporary European History 24 (3): 435–459. doi:10.1017/S0960777315000247.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziman, J. 1996. “Postacademic Science: Constructing Knowledge with Networks and Norms.” Science Studies 9 (1): 68–70.
   Google Scholar