Making a Difference: A Study of Cognitive Stimulation Therapy for Persons with Dementia

References

• Aguirre, E., Hoare, Z., Streater, A., Spector, A., Woods, B., Hoe, J., & Orrell, M. (2013). Cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) for people with dementia—Who benefits most? International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 28, 284–290. doi:10.1002/gps.v28.3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aguirre, E., Spector, A., Hoe, J., Russell, I. T., Knapp, M., Woods, R. T., & Orrell, M. (2010). Maintenance Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) for dementia: A single-blind, multi-centre randomized controlled trial of maintenance CST vs. CST for dementia. Trials, 11, 46. doi:10.1186/1745-6215-11-46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aguirre, E., Spector, A., & Orrell, M. (2014). Guidelines for adapting cognitive stimulation therapy to other cultures. Clinical interventions in aging, 9.
   Google Scholar
• Aguirre, E., Spector, A., Streater, A., Hoe, J., Woods, B., & Orrell, M. (2011). Making a difference 2. London, UK: Hawker Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Alexopoulos, G. A., Abrams, R. C., Young, R. C., & Shamoian, C. A. (1988a). Cornell scale for depression in Dementia. Biological Psychology, 23, 271–284. doi:10.1016/0006-3223(88)90038-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexopoulos, G. A., Abrams, R. C., Young, R. C., & Shamoian, C. A. (1988b). Use of the Cornell Scale for depression in non-demented patients. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 36(3), 230–236. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1988.tb01806.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alzheimer’s Association. (2016). 2016 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 12(4), 1–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alzheimer’s Disease International. (2010). World Alzheimer Report 2010. Retrieved from http://www.alz.org/documents/national/World_Alzheimer_Report_2010.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Ballard, C., Khan, Z., Clack, H., & Corbett, A. (2011). Non-pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 56(10), 589–592. doi:10.1177/070674371105601004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berg-Weger, M., Tebb, S., Henderson-Kalb, J., Zubatsky, M., Lundy, J., & Hayden, D. (2015). Cognitive stimulation therapy: A tool for your practice with persons with dementia?. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 16(9), 795–796.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooker, D. (2003). What is person-centered care in dementia? Reviews in Clinical Gerontology, 13(3), 215–222. doi:10.1017/S095925980400108X
   Google Scholar
• Cammisuli, D. M., Danit, S., Bosinelli, F., & Cipriani, G. (2016). Non-pharmacological interventions for people with Alzheimer’s disease: A critical review of the scientific literature from the last ten years. European Geriatric Medicine, 7, 57–64. doi:10.1016/j.eurger.2016.01.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clare, L., & Woods, R. T. (2004). Cognitive training and cognitive rehabilitation for people with early-stage Alzheimer’s disease: A review. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 14, 385–401. doi:10.1080/09602010443000074
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper, C., Mukadam, N., Katona, C., Lyketsos, C. G., Ames, D., Rabins, P., & World Federation of Biological Psychiatry – ld Age Taskforce. (2012). Systematic review of the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions to improve quality of life of people with dementia. International Psychogeriatrics, 24, 856–870. doi:10.1017/S1041610211002614
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruz-Oliver, D. M., Malmstrom, T. K., Allen, C. M., Tumosa, N., & Morley, J. E. (2012). The Veterans Affairs Saint Louis University Mental Status Exam (SLUMS exam) and the Mini-Mental Status Exam as predictors of mortality and institutionalization. The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging, 16, 636–641. doi:10.1007/s12603-012-0098-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cummings-Vaughn, L. A., Chavakula, N., Malmstrom, T., Tumosa, N., Morley, J., & Cruz-Oliver, D. (2014). Veterans affairs Saint Louis University mental status examination compared with the Montreal cognitive assessment and the short test of mental status. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 62, 1341–1346. doi:10.1111/jgs.2014.62.issue-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dotchin, C., Mkenda, S., Olakehinde, O., Kisoli, A., Paddick, S. M., Gray, W., … Walker, R. (2014). Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) as a sustainable intervention for dementia in low-resource settings: A pilot study in Nigeria and Tanzania as part of the IDEA (Identification and Interventions from Dementia for Elderly Africans) project. Alzheimer’s & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association, 10(4), P856. doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2014.05.1700
   Google Scholar
• Douglas, S., James, I., & Ballard, C. (2004). Non-pharmacological interventions in dementia. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 10(3), 171–177. doi:10.1192/apt.10.3.171
   Google Scholar
• Edvardsson, D., Winblad, B., & Sandman, P. O. (2008). Person-centered care of people with severe Alzheimer’s disease: Current status and ways forward. The Lancet Neurology, 7(4), 362–367. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70063-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feliciano, L., Horning, S. M., Klebe, K. J., Anderson, S. L., Cornwell, R. E., & Davis, H. P. (2013). Utility of the SLUMS as a cognitive screening tool among a nonveteran sample of older adults. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 21(7), 623–630. doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2013.01.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975). Mini-Mental State: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189–198. doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan, D. B., & Andersen, T. C. (2013). The transformative potential of social work’s evolving practice in dementia care. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 56(2), 164–176. doi:10.1080/01634372.2012.753652
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kitwood, T. (1997). Dementia reconsidered: The person comes first. Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Knapp, M., Thorgrimsen, L., Patel, A., Spector, A., Hallam, A., & Woods, B. (2006). Cognitive Stimulation Therapy for people with dementia: Cost-effectiveness analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 188, 574–580. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.105.010561
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leach, L. (2004). Cognitive stimulation therapy improves cognition and quality of life in older people with dementia. Evidence Based Mental Health, 7(1), 19–19.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Livingston, G., Johnston, K., Katona, C., Paton, J., & Lyketsos, C. G. (2005). Systematic review of psychological approaches to the management of neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 1996–2021. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.11.1996
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Logsdon, R. G., Gibbons, L. E., McCurry, S. M., & Teri, L. (2002). Assessing quality of life in older adults with cognitive impairment. Psychosomatic Medicine, 64, 510–519. doi:10.1097/00006842-200205000-00016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahmood, S., Ahmed, S., Orrell, M., & Kinsler, H. (2012, March) Developing cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) for dementia with South Asian ethnic groups. Proceedings of 27th International Conference of Alzheimer’s Disease International (pp. 57–60), Bologna, Italy. Medimond.
   Google Scholar
• National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2006). Dementia: Supporting people with dementia and their carers in health and social care. London, UK: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.
   Google Scholar
• Olazaran, J., Reisberg, B., Clare, L., Cruz, I., Pena-Casanova, J., Del Ser, T., … Muniz, R. (2010). Nonpharmacological therapies in Alzheimer’s disease: A systematic review of efficacy. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 30, 161–178. doi:10.1159/000316119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orrell, M., Aguirre, E., Spector, A., Hoare, Z., Woods, R. T., Streater, A., & Russell, I. (2014). Maintenance cognitive stimulation therapy for dementia: A single-blind multicenter, pragmatic randomized controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 204(6), 454–461. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.113.137414
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orrell, M., Spector, A., Thorgrimsen, L., & Woods, B. (2005). A pilot study examining the effectiveness of maintenance Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (MCST) for people with dementia.. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20(5), 446–451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qaseem, A., Snow, V., Cross, J. T., Forciea, M. A., Hopkins, R., Shekelle, P., & American College of Physicians/American Academy of Family Physicians Panel on Dementia. (2008). Current pharmacological treatment of dementia: A clinical practice guideline from the Physicians and the American Academy of Family Physicians. Annals of Internal Medicine, 148(5), 370–378. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-148-5-200803040-00008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodda, J., Morgan, S., & Walker, Z. (2009). Are cholinesterase inhibitors effective in the management of the behavior and psychological symptoms of dementia in Alzheimer’s disease? A systematic review of randomized, placebo-controlled trials of donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine. International Psychogeriatrics, 21(5), 813–824. doi:10.1017/S1041610209990354
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sink, K. M., Holden, K. F., & Yaffe, K. (2005). Pharmacological treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia: A review of the evidence. Journal of the American Medical Association, 293(5), 596–608. doi:10.1001/jama.293.5.596
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spector, A. (2016, August). Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) for people with dementia. Presented at the Saint Louis University Geriatric Institute, St. Louis, MO.
   Google Scholar
• Spector, A., Garder, C., & Orrell, M. (2011). The impact of cognitive stimulation therapy groups on people with dementia: Views from participants their carers and group facilitators. Aging and Mental Health, 15(8), 945–949. doi:10.1080/13607863.2011.586622
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spector, A., Orrell, M., Davies, S., & Woods, B. (2000). Reality Orientation for dementia: A review of the evidence of effectiveness from randomized controlled trials. The Gerontologist, 40(2), 206–212. doi:10.1093/geront/40.2.206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spector, A., Orrell, M., Davies, S., & Woods, B. (2001). Can reality orientation be rehabilitated? Development and piloting of an evidence-based programme of cognition-based therapies for people with dementia. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 11(3–4), 377–397.
   Google Scholar
• Spector, A., Orrell, M., & Woods, B. (2010). Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST): Effects on different areas of cognitive function for people with dementia. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25(12), 1253–1258. doi:10.1002/gps.v25:12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spector, A., Thorgrimsen, L., Woods, B., & Orrell, M. (2006). Making a difference: An evidence-based group programme to offer Cognitive Stimulation therapy (CST) to people with dementia. London, UK: Hawker Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Spector, A., Thorgrimsen, L., Woods, B., Royan, L., Davies, S., Butterworth, M., & Orrell, M. (2003). Efficacy of an evidence-based cognitive stimulation therapy programme for people with dementia. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 183(3), 248–254. doi:10.1192/bjp.183.3.248
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart, S., O’Riley, A., Edelstein, B., & Gould, C. (2012). A preliminary comparison of three cognitive screening instruments in long-term care: The MMSE, SLUMS, and MoCA. Clinical Gerontologist, 35(1), 57–75. doi:10.1080/07317115.2011.626515
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tariq, S. H., Tumosa, N., Chibnall, J. T., Perry, H. M., & Morley, J. E. (2006). Comparison of the Saint Louis University Mental Status examination and the Mini-Mental State Examination for detecting dementia and mild neurocognitive disorder—A pilot study. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 14, 900–910. doi:10.1097/01.JGP.0000221510.33817.86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorgrimsen, L., Selwood, A., Spector, A., Royan, L., De Madariaga Lopez, M., Woods, R. T., & Orrell, M. (2003). Whose quality of life is it anyway? The validity and reliability of the Quality of Life-Alzheimer’s Disease (QOL-AD) scale. Alzheimer’s Disease and Associated Disorders, 17(4), 201–208. doi:10.1097/00002093-200310000-00002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toh, H., Ghazali, S. E., & Subramaniam, P. (2016). The acceptability and usefulness of Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) for older adults with dementia: A narrative review. International Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 2016(2), 1–11. doi:10.1155/2016/5131570
   Google Scholar
• Woods, B., Aguirre, E., Spector, A. E., & Orrell, M. (2012). Cognitive stimulation to improve cognitive functioning in people with dementia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2, 1–78.
   Google Scholar
• Woods, B., Spector, A. E., Jones, C. A., Orrell, M., & Davies, S. P. (2005). Reminiscence therapy for dementia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2, 1–34.
   Google Scholar
• Woods, B., Thorgrimsen, L., Spector, A., Royan, L., & Orrell, M. (2006). Improved quality of life and cognitive stimulation therapy in dementia. Aging and Mental Health, 10(3), 219–226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamanaka, K., Kawano, Y., Noguchi, D., Nakaaki, S., Watanabe, N., Amano, T., & Spector, A. (2013). Effects of cognitive stimulation therapy Japanese version (CST-J) for people with dementia: A single-blind, controlled clinical trial. Aging & Mental Health, 17(5), 579–586.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuill, N., & Hollis, V. (2010). A systematic review of Cognitive Stimulation Therapy for older adults with mild to moderate dementia: An occupational therapy perspective. Occupation Therapy International, 18(4), 163–186. doi:10.1002/oti.315
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar