Evaluation of the Antiproliferative Effects of Essiac™ on In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Prostate Cancer Compared to Paclitaxel

References

• Jemal , A , Tiwari , R C , Murray , T , Ghafoor , A Samuels , A . 2004 . Cancer statistics, 2004 . CA Cancer J Clin , 54 : 8 – 29 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haenszel , W and Kurihara , M . 1968 . Studies of Japanese migrants. I. Mortality from cancer and other diseases among Japanese in the United States . J Natl Cancer Inst , 40 : 43 – 68 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boon , H , Westlake , K , Stewart , M , Gray , R Fleshner , N . 2003 . Use of complementary/alternative medicine by men diagnosed with prostate cancer: prevalence and characteristics . Urology , 62 : 849 – 853 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dy , G K , Bekele , L , Hanson , L J , Furth , A Mandrekar , S . 2004 . Complementary and alternative medicine use by patients enrolled onto phase I clinical trials . J Clin Oncol , 22 : 4810 – 4815 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yanaghara , K , Ito , A , Toge , T and Numoto , M . 1993 . Antiproliferative effects of isoflavaones on human cancer cell lines established from the gastrointestinal tract . Cancer Res , 53 : 5815 – 5821 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Umehara , K , Nakamura , H , Miyase , T , Kuroyanagi , M and Ueno , A . 1996 . Studies on differentiation inducers. VI. Lignan derivatives from Arctium Fructus . Chem Pharm Bull , 44 : 2300 – 2304 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belkin , M and Fitzgerald , D . 1952 . Tumor damaging capacity of plant materials 1. Plants used as cathartics . J Natl Cancer Inst , 13 : 139 – 155 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kubo , I , Murai , Y , Soedro , I , Soentarno , S and Satrodiharojo , S . 1992 . Cytotoxic anthroquinones from Rheum Palmatum . Phytochemistry , 31 : 1063 – 1065 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morita , H , Umeda , M , Masuda , T and Ueno , Y . 1988 . Cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of emodin on cultured mouse carcinoma FM3A cells . Mutat Res , 204 : 329 – 332 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamayo , C , Richardson , M A , Diamond , S and Skoda , I . 2000 . The chemistry and biological activity of herbs used in Flor-Essence herbal tonic and Essiac™ . Phytother Res , 14 : 1 – 14 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canadian Breast Cancer Research Initiative . 1996 . Essiac™: An Information Package , Toronto, Ontario, , Canada : CBCRI .
   Google Scholar
• Health and Welfare Canada . 1989 . Essiac™—-An Ineffective Cancer Treatment , Vanier, Ontario : Health and Welfare Canada, Health Protection Branch .
   Google Scholar
• Cheung , S , Lim , K T and Tai , J . 2005 . Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Essiac™ and Flor-Essence . Oncol Rep , 14 : 1345 – 1350 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leonard , S S , Keil , D , Mehlman , T , Proper , S Shi , X . 2006 . Essiac™ tea: scavenging of reactive oxygen species and effects on DNA damage . J Ethnopharmacol , 103 ( 2 ) : 288 – 296 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ottenweller , J , Putt , K , Blumenthal , E J , Dhawale , S and Dhawale , S W . 2004 . Inhibition of prostate cancer-cell proliferation by Essiac™ . J Altern Complement Med , 10 : 687 – 691 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulp , K S , Montgomery , J L , Nelson , D O , Cutter , B Latham , E R . 2006 . Essiac™ and Flor-Essence herbal tonics stimulate the in vitro growth of human breast cancer cells . Breast Cancer Res Treat , 16 : 16
   Google Scholar
• Al-Sukhni , W , Grunbaum , A and Fleshner , N . 2005 . Remission of hormone-refractory prostate cancer attributed to Essiac™ . Can J Urol , 12 : 2841 – 2842 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Richardson , M A , Sanders , T , Palmer , J L , Greisinger , A and Singletary , S E . 2000 . Complementary/alternative medicine use in a comprehensive cancer center and the implications for oncology . J Clin Oncol , 18 : 2505 – 2514 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Navone , N M , Logothetis , C J , von Eschenbach , A C and Troncoso , P . 1998 . Model systems of prostate cancer: uses and limitations . Cancer Metastasis Rev , 17 : 361 – 371 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schiff , P B , Fant , J and Horwitz , S B . 1979 . Promotion of microtubule assembly in vitro by taxol . Nature , 277 : 665 – 667 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parness , J and Horwitz , S B . 1981 . Taxol binds to polymerized tubulin in vitro . J Cell Biol , 91 : 479 – 487 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leung , S Y , Jackson , J , Miyake , H , Burt , H and Gleave , M E . 2000 . Polymeric micellar paclitaxel phosphorylates Bcl-2 and induces apoptotic regression of androgen-independent LNCaP prostate tumors . Prostate , 44 : 156 – 163 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stepensky , D , Kleinberg , L and Hoffman , A . 2003 . Bone as an effect compartment : models for uptake and release of drugs . Clin Pharmacokinet , 42 : 863 – 881 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruno , S and Darzynkiewicz , Z . 1992 . Cell cycle dependent expression and stability of the nuclear protein detected by Ki-67 antibody in HL-60 cells . Cell Prolif , 25 : 31 – 40 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takasaki , Y , Deng , J S and Tan , E M . 1981 . A nuclear antigen associated with cell proliferation and blast transformation . J Exp Med , 154 : 1899 – 1909 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar