Review: Green Tea Polyphenols in Chemoprevention of Prostate Cancer: Preclinical and Clinical Studies

REFERENCES

• Jemal , A , Siegel , R , Ward , E , Hao , Y Xu , J . 2009 . Cancer statistics, 2009 . CA Cancer J Clin , 59 : 225 – 249 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Syed , D N , Khan , N , Afaq , F and Mukhtar , H . 2007 . Chemoprevention of prostate cancer through dietary agents: progress and promise . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , 16 : 2193 – 2203 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adhami , V M and Mukhtar , H . 2006 . Polyphenols from green tea and pomegranate for prevention of prostate cancer . Free Radic Res , 40 : 1095 – 1104 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konishi , N , Shimada , K , Ishida , E and Nakamura , M . 2005 . Molecular pathology of prostate cancer . Pathol Int , 55 : 531 – 539 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukhtar , H and Ahmad , N . 1999 . Cancer chemoprevention: future holds in multiple agents . Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , 158 : 207 – 210 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan , N , Afaq , F and Mukhtar , H . 2008 . Cancer chemoprevention through dietary antioxidants: progress and promise . Antioxid Redox Signal , 10 : 475 – 510 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao , Y , Cao , R and Brakenhielm , E . 2002 . Antiangiogenic mechanisms of diet-derived polyphenols . J Nutr Biochem , 13 : 380 – 390 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan , N and Mukhtar , H . 2007 . Tea polyphenols for health promotion . Life Sci , 81 : 519 – 533 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmad , N , Feyes , D K , Nieminen , A L , Agarwal , R and Mukhtar , H . 1997 . Green tea constituent epigallocatechin-3-gallate and induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human carcinoma cells . J Natl Cancer Inst , 89 : 1881 – 1886 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adhami , V M , Malik , A , Zaman , N , Sarfaraz , S Siddiqui , I A . 2007 . Combined inhibitory effects of green tea polyphenols and selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors on the growth of human prostate cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo . Clin Cancer Res , 13 : 1611 – 1619 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siddiqui , I A , Malik , A , Adhami , V M , Asim , M Hafeez , B B . 2008 . Green tea polyphenol EGCG sensitizes human prostate carcinoma LNCaP cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis and synergistically inhibits biomarkers associated with angiogenesis and metastasis . Oncogene , 27 : 2055 – 2063 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hastak , K , Agarwal , M K , Mukhtar , H and Agarwal , M L . 2005 . Ablation of either p21 or Bax prevents p53-dependent apoptosis induced by green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate . FASEB J , 19 : 789 – 791 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hussain , T , Gupta , S , Adhami , V M and Mukhtar , H . 2005 . Green tea constituent epigallocatechin-3-gallate selectively inhibits COX-2 without affecting COX-1 expression in human prostate carcinoma cells . Int J Cancer , 113 : 660 – 669 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pezzato , E , Sartor , L , Dell'Aica , I , Dittadi , R Gion , M . 2004 . Prostate carcinoma and green tea: PSA-triggered basement membrane degradation and MMP-2 activation are inhibited by (-)epigallocatechin-3-gallate . Int J Cancer , 112 : 787 – 792 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siddiqui , I A , Adhami , V M , Afaq , F , Ahmad , N and Mukhtar , H . 2004 . Modulation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B- and mitogen-activated protein kinase-pathways by tea polyphenols in human prostate cancer cells . J Cell Biochem , 91 : 232 – 242 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brusselmans , K , De Schrijver , E , Heyns , W , Verhoeven , G and Swinnen , J V . 2003 . Epigallocatechin-3-gallate is a potent natural inhibitor of fatty acid synthase in intact cells and selectively induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells . Int J Cancer , 106 : 856 – 862 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hastak , K , Gupta , S , Ahmad , N , Agarwal , M K Agarwal , M L . 2003 . Role of p53 and NF-kappaB in epigallocatechin-3-gallate-induced apoptosis of LNCaP cells . Oncogene , 22 : 4851 – 4859 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta , S , Hussain , T and Mukhtar , H . 2003 . Molecular pathway for (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of human prostate carcinoma cells . Arch Biochem Biophys , 410 : 177 – 185 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nam , S , Smith , D M and Dou , Q P . 2001 . Ester bond-containing tea polyphenols potently inhibit proteasome activity in vitro and in vivo . J Biol Chem , 276 : 13322 – 13330 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung , L Y , Cheung , T C , Kong , S K , Fung , K P Choy , Y M . 2001 . Induction of apoptosis by green tea catechins in human prostate cancer DU145 cells . Life Sci , 68 : 1207 – 1214 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta , S , Ahmad , N , Nieminen , A L and Mukhtar , H . 2000 . Growth inhibition, cell-cycle dysregulation, and induction of apoptosis by green tea constituent (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate in androgen-sensitive and androgen-insensitive human prostate carcinoma cells . Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , 164 : 82 – 90 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta , S , Ahmad , N , Mohan , R R , Husain , M M and Mukhtar , H . 1999 . Prostate cancer chemoprevention by green tea: in vitro and in vivo inhibition of testosterone-mediated induction of ornithine decarboxylase . Cancer Res , 59 : 2115 – 2120 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta , S , Hastak , K , Ahmad , N , Lewin , J S and Mukhtar , H . 2001 . Inhibition of prostate carcinogenesis in TRAMP mice by oral infusion of green tea polyphenols . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , 98 : 10350 – 10355 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCarthy , S , Caporali , A , Enkemann , S , Scaltriti , M Eschrich , S . 2007 . Green tea catechins suppress the DNA synthesis marker MCM7 in the TRAMP model of prostate cancer . Mol Oncol , 1 : 196 – 204 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siddiqui , I A , Shukla , Y , Adhami , V M , Sarfaraz , S Asim , M . 2008 . Suppression of NFkappaB and its regulated gene products by oral administration of green tea polyphenols in an autochthonous mouse prostate cancer model . Pharm Res , 25 : 2135 – 2142 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harper , C E , Patel , B B , Wang , J , Eltoum , I A and Lamartiniere , C A . 2007 . Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate suppresses early stage, but not late stage prostate cancer in TRAMP mice: mechanisms of action . Prostate , 67 : 1576 – 1589 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siddiqui , I A , Zaman , N , Aziz , M H , Reagan-Shaw , S R Sarfaraz , S . 2006 . Inhibition of CWR22Rnu1 tumor growth and PSA secretion in athymic nude mice by green and black teas . Carcinogenesis , 27 : 833 – 839 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roomi , M W , Ivanov , V , Kalinovsky , T , Niedzwiecki , A and Rath , M . 2005 . In vivo antitumor effect of ascorbic acid, lysine, proline and green tea extract on human prostate cancer PC-3 xenografts in nude mice: evaluation of tumor growth and immunohistochemistry . In Vivo , 19 : 179 – 183 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saleem , M , Adhami , V M , Ahmad , N , Gupta , S and Mukhtar , H . 2005 . Prognostic significance of metastasis-associated protein S100A4 (Mts1) in prostate cancer progression and chemoprevention regimens in an autochthonous mouse model . Clin Cancer Res , 11 : 147 – 153 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adhami , V M , Siddiqui , I A , Ahmad , N , Gupta , S and Mukhtar , H . 2004 . Oral consumption of green tea polyphenols inhibits insulin-like growth factor-I-induced signaling in an autochthonous mouse model of prostate cancer . Cancer Res , 64 : 8715 – 8722 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caporali , A , Davalli , P , Astancolle , S , D'Arca , D Brausi , M . 2004 . The chemopreventive action of catechins in the TRAMP mouse model of prostate carcinogenesis is accompanied by clusterin over-expression . Carcinogenesis , 25 : 2217 – 2224 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou , J R , Yu , L , Zhong , Y and Blackburn , G L . 2003 . Soy phytochemicals and tea bioactive components synergistically inhibit androgen-sensitive human prostate tumors in mice . J Nutr , 133 : 516 – 521 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta , S , Ahmad , N , Mohan , R R , Husain , M M and Mukhtar , H . 1999 . Prostate cancer chemoprevention by green tea: in vitro and in vivo inhibition of testosterone-mediated induction of ornithine decarboxylase . Cancer Res , 59 : 2115 – 2120 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jatoi , A , Ellison , N , Burch , P A , Sloan , J A Dakhil , S R . 2003 . A phase II trial of green tea in the treatment of patients with androgen independent metastatic prostate carcinoma . Cancer , 97 : 1442 – 1446 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choan , E , Segal , R , Jonker , D , Malone , S Reaume , N . 2005 . A prospective clinical trial of green tea for hormone refractory prostate cancer: an evaluation of the complementary/alternative therapy approach . Urol Oncol , 23 : 108 – 113 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurahashi , N , Sasazuki , S , Iwasaki , M , Inoue , M and Tsugane , S . 2008 . Green tea consumption and prostate cancer risk in Japanese men: a prospective study . Am J Epidemiol , 167 : 71 – 77 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bettuzzi , S , Brausi , M , Rizzi , F , Castagnetti , G Peracchia , G . 2006 . Chemoprevention of human prostate cancer by oral administration of green tea catechins in volunteers with high-grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia: a preliminary report from a one-year proof-of-principle study . Cancer Res , 66 : 1234 – 1240 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brausi , M , Rizzi , F and Bettuzzi , S . 2008 . Chemoprevention of human prostate cancer by green tea catechins: two years later. A follow-up update . Eur Urol , 54 : 472 – 473 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bettuzzi , S , Rizzi , F and Belloni , L . 2007 . Clinical relevance of the inhibitory effect of green tea catechins (GtCs) on prostate cancer progression in combination with molecular profiling of catechin-resistant tumors: an integrated view . Pol J Vet Sci , 10 : 57 – 60 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jian , L , Xie , L P , Lee , A H and Binns , C W . 2004 . Protective effect of green tea against prostate cancer: a case-control study in southeast China . Int J Cancer , 108 : 130 – 135 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar