N-3 PUFA-Enriched Diet Delays the Occurrence of Cancer Cachexia in Rat With Peritoneal Carcinosis

REFERENCES

• Pfitzenmaier , J , Vessella , R , Higano , C S , Noteboom , J L Wallace , D . 2003 . Elevation of cytokine levels in cachectic patients with prostate carcinoma . Cancer , 97 : 1211 – 1216 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morley , J E , Thomas , D R and Wilson , M M . 2006 . Cachexia: pathophysiology and clinical relevance . Am J Clin Nutr , 83 : 735 – 743 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strassmann , G , Fong , M , Kenney , J S and Jacob , C O . 1992 . Evidence for the involvement of interleukin 6 in experimental cancer cachexia . J Clin Invest , 89 : 1681 – 1684 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kayacan , O , Karnak , D , Beder , S , Gullu , E Tutkak , H . 2006 . Impact of TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels on development of cachexia in newly diagnosed NSCLC patients . Am J Clin Oncol , 29 : 328 – 335 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tisdale , M J . 1999 . Wasting in cancer . J Nutr , 129 : 243S – 246S .
   Google Scholar
• Tisdale , M J . 2005 . Molecular pathways leading to cancer cachexia . Physiology (Bethesda) , 20 : 340 – 348 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camps , C , Iranzo , V , Bremnes , R M and Sirera , R . 2006 . Anorexia-cachexia syndrome in cancer: implications of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway . Support Care Cancer , 14 : 1173 – 1183 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saini , A , Al-Shanti , N and Stewart , C E . 2006 . Waste management—cytokines, growth factors, and cachexia . Cytokine Growth Factor Rev , 17 : 475 – 486 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falconer , J S , Fearon , K C , Ross , J A , Elton , R Wigmore , S J . 1995 . Acute-phase protein response and survival duration of patients with pancreatic cancer . Cancer , 75 : 2077 – 2082 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMillan , D C , Scott , H R , Watson , W S , Preston , T Milroy , R . 1998 . Longitudinal study of body cell mass depletion and the inflammatory response in cancer patients . Nutr Cancer , 31 : 101 – 105 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fearon , K C , Voss , A C and Hustead , D S . 2006 . Definition of cancer cachexia: effect of weight loss, reduced food intake, and systemic inflammation on functional status and prognosis . Am J Clin Nutr , 83 : 1345 – 1350 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Argiles , J M , Lopez-Soriano , F J and Busquets , S . 2007 . Emerging drugs for cancer cachexia . Expert Opin Emerg Drugs , 12 : 555 – 570 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Topkan , E , Yavuz , A A and Ozyilkan , O . 2007 . Cancer cachexia: pathophysiologic aspects and treatment options . Asian Pac J Cancer Prev , 8 : 445 – 451 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Colomer , R , Moreno-Nogueira , J M , Garcia-Luna , P P , García-Peris , P García-de-Lorenzo , A . 2007 . N-3 fatty acids, cancer and cachexia: a systematic review of the literature . Br J Nutr , 97 : 823 – 831 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dewey , A , Baughan , C , Dean , T , Higgins , B and Johnson , I . 2007 . Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, an omega-3 fatty acid from fish oils) for the treatment of cancer cachexia . Cochrane Database Syst Rev , 1 CD004597
   Google Scholar
• Tan , B H and Fearon , K C . 2008 . Cachexia: prevalence and impact in medicine . Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care , 11 : 400 – 407 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Togni , V , Ota , C C , Folador , A , Júnior , O T Aikawa , J . 2003 . Cancer cachexia and tumor growth reduction in Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats supplemented with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for one generation . Nutr Cancer , 46 : 52 – 58 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folador , A , Hirabara , S M , Bonatto , S J , Aikawa , J Yamazaki , R K . 2007 . Effect of fish oil supplementation for two generations on changes in macrophage function induced by Walker 256 cancer cachexia in rats . Int J Cancer , 120 : 344 – 350 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cremades , O , Parrado , J , Jover , M , Collantes de Teran , L Gutierrez , J F . 2007 . Nutritional treatment of cancer cachexia in rats. Use of a diet formulated with a crayfish enzymatic extract . Eur J Nutr , 46 : 347 – 353 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dagnelie , P C , Bell , J D , Williams , S C , Bates , T E Abel , P D . 1994 . Effect of fish oil on cancer cachexia and host liver metabolism in rats with prostate tumors . Lipids , 29 : 195 – 203 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jho , D H , Babcock , T A , Tevar , R , Helton , W S and Espat , N J . 2002 . Eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation reduces tumor volume and attenuates cachexia in a rat model of progressive non-metastasizing malignancy . JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr , 26 : 291 – 297 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gunderson , L and Sosin , H . 1982 . Adenocarcinoma of the stomach: areas of failure in a reoperation series (second or symptomatic look) clinicopathologic correlation and implications for adjuvant therapy . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys , 8 : 1 – 11 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamazoe , R , Maeta , M and Kaibara , N . 1994 . Intraperitoneal thermochemotherapy for prevention of peritoneal recurrence of gastric cancer . Cancer , 73 : 2048 – 2051 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ikeguchi , M , Kondou , A , Oka , A , Tsujitani , S Maeta , M . 1995 . Effects of continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion on prognosis of gastric cancer with serosal invasion . Eur J Surg , 161 : 581 – 586 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Martin , F , Caignard , A , Jeannin , J F , Leclerc , A and Martin , M . 1983 . Selection by trypsin of two sublines of rat colon cancer cells forming progressive or regressive tumors . Int J Cancer , 32 : 623 – 627 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caignard , A , Martin , M S , Michel , M F and Martin , F . 1985 . Interaction between two cellular subpopulations of a rat colonic carcinoma when inoculated to the syngeneic host . Int J Cancer , 36 : 273 – 279 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zennadi , R , Garrigue , L , Ringeard , S , Menoret , A Blanchardie , P . 1992 . Analysis of factors associated with the tumorigenic potential of 12 tumor clones derived from a single rat colon adenocarcinoma . Int J Cancer , 52 : 934 – 940 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Labarrière , N , Piau , J P , Otry , C , Denis , M Lustenberger , P . 1994 . H blood group antigen carried by CD44V modulates tumorigenicity of rat colon carcinoma cells . Cancer Res , 54 : 6275 – 6281 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Folch , J , Lees , M and Sloane Stanley , G H . 1957 . A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues . J Biol Chem , 226 : 497 – 509 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emery , P W . 1999 . Cachexia in experimental models . Nutrition , 15 : 600 – 603 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou , S , Wang , G , Chen , B and Wang , P . 2000 . Effect of dietary fatty acids on tumorigenesis of colon cancer induced by methyl nitrosourea in rats . J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol , 19 : 81 – 86 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pizato , N , Bonatto , S , Yamazaki , R K , Aikawa , J Nogata , C . 2005 . Ratio of n6 to n-3 fatty acids in the diet affects tumor growth and cachexia in Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats . Nutr Cancer , 53 : 194 – 201 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramos , E J , Middleton , F A , Laviano , A , Sato , T Romanova , I . 2004 . Effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on tumor-bearing rats . J Am Coll Surg , 199 : 716 – 723 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fearon , K C . 2008 . Cancer cachexia: developing multimodal therapy for a multidimensional problem . Eur J Cancer , 44 : 1124 – 1132 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Cutsem , E and Arends , J . 2005 . The causes and consequences of cancer-associated malnutrition . Eur J Oncol Nurs , 9 : S51 – S63 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Catalano , M G , Fortunati , N , Arena , K , Costelli , P Aragno , M . 2003 . Selective up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor receptor I in tumor-bearing rats with cancer-related cachexia . Int J Oncol , 23 : 429 – 436 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barber , M D , Ross , J A and Fearon , K C . 1999 . Changes in nutritional, functional, and inflammatory markers in advanced pancreatic cancer . Nutr Cancer , 35 : 106 – 110 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramsey , J J , Harper , M E and Weindruch , R . 2000 . Restriction of energy intake, energy expenditure, and aging . Free Radic Biol Med , 29 : 946 – 968 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Odedra , B R , Bates , P C and Millward , D J . 1983 . Time course of the effect of catabolic doses of corticosterone on protein turnover in rat skeletal muscle and liver . Biochem J , 214 : 617 – 627 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dumas , J F , Simard , G , Roussel , D , Douay , O Foussard , F . 2003 . Mitochondrial energy metabolism in a model of undernutrition induced by dexamethasone . Br J Nutr , 90 : 969 – 977 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roussel , D , Dumas , J F , Augeraud , A , Douay , O Foussard , F . 2003 . Dexamethasone treatment specifically increases the basal proton conductance of rat liver mitochondria . FEBS Lett , 541 : 75 – 79 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rolfe , D F and Brown , G C . 1997 . Cellular energy utilization and molecular origin of standard metabolic rate in mammals . Physiol Rev , 77 : 731 – 758 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryden , M and Arner , P . 2007 . Fat loss in cachexia—is there a role for adipocyte lipolysis? . Clin Nutr , 26 : 1 – 6 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lieffers , J R , Mourtzakis , M , Hall , K D , McCargar , L J Prado , C M . 2009 . A viscerally driven cachexia syndrome in patients with advanced colorectal cancer: contributions of organ and tumor mass to whole-body energy demands . Am J Clin Nutr , 89 : 1173 – 1179 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar