Evidence for a Novel Serum Factor Distinct From Zinc Alpha-2 Glycoprotein That Promotes Body Fat Loss Early in the Development of Cachexia

REFERENCES

• DeWys , W D . 1977 . Anorexia in cancer patients . Cancer Res , 37 : 2354 – 2358 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DeWys , D , Begg , C , Lavin , P T , Band , P R Bennett , J M . 1980 . Prognostic effect of weight loss prior to chemotherapy in cancer patients . Am J Med , 69 : 491 – 499 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulstad , R and Schoeller , D A . 2007 . The energetics of wasting diseases . Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care , 10 : 488 – 493 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thomas , D R . 2007 . Loss of skeletal muscle mass in aging: examining the relationship of starvation, sarcopenia and cachexia . Clin Nutr , 26 : 389 – 399 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maturo , G , Vespasiani , G , Mohamed , E I , Maiolo , C Finazzi , A E . 2003 . Evaluating body composition of Italian prostate cancer patients without metastases . Acta Diabetol , 40 ( 1 Suppl. ) : S168 – S170 .
   Google Scholar
• Segal , R J , Reid , R D , Courneya , K S , Malone , S C Parliament , M B . 2003 . Resistance exercise in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer . J Clin Oncol , 21 : 1653 – 1659 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarhill , N , Mahmoud , F , Walsh , D , Nelson , K A Komurcu , S . 2003 . Evaluation of nutritional status in advanced metastatic cancer . Support Care Cancer , 11 : 652 – 659 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyltander , A , Drott , C , Unsgaard , B , Tolli , J Korner , U . 1991 . The effect on body composition and exercise performance of home parenteral nutrition when given as adjunct to chemotherapy of testicular carcinoma . Eur J Clin Invest , 21 : 413 – 420 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McMIllan , D C , Preston , T , Watson , W S , Simpson , J M Fearon , K C . 1994 . Relationship between weight loss, reduction of body cell mass and inflammatory response in patients with cancer . Br J Surg , 81 : 1011 – 1014 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moley , J F , Aamodt , R , Rumble , W , Kaye , W and Norton , J A . 1987 . Body cell mass in cancer-bearing and anorexic patients . JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr , 11 : 219 – 222 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke , M , Bryson , E I and Kark , A E . 1980 . Dietary intakes, resting metabolic rates, and body composition in benign and malignant gastrointestinal disease . Br Med J , 280 : 211 – 215 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hansen , R D , Raja , C and Allen , B J . 2000 . Total body protein in chronic diseases and in aging . Ann NY Acad Sci , 904 : 345 – 352 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MacFie , J and Burkinshaw , L . 1987 . Body composition in malignant disease . Metabolism , 36 : 290 – 294 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , M R , Finkelstein , J S , McGovern , F J , Zietman , A L Fallon , M A . 2002 . Changes in body composition during androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer . J Clin Endocrinol Metab , 87 : 599 – 603 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simons , J P , Schols , A M , Westerterp , K R , ten Velde , G P and Wouters , E F . 1995 . The use of bioelectrical impedance analysis to predict total body water in patients with cancer cachexia . Am J Clin Nutr , 61 : 741 – 745 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fredrix , E W , Saris , W H , Soeters , P B , Wouters , E F Kester , A D . 1990 . Estimation of body composition by bioelectrical impedance in cancer patients . Eur J Clin Nutr , 44 : 749 – 752 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koch , J . 1998 . The role of body composition measurements in wasting syndromes . Semin Oncol , 25 : 12 – 19 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heymsfield , S B and McManus , C B . 1985 . Tissue components of weight loss in cancer patients. A new method of study and preliminary observations . Cancer , 55 : 238 – 249 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cohn , S H , Ellis , K J , Vartsky , D , Sawitsky , A Gartenhaus , W . 1981 . Comparison of methods of estimating body fat in normal subjects and cancer patients . Am J Clin Nutr , 34 : 2839 – 2847 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali , P A , al Ghorabie , F H , Evans , C J , el Sharkawi , A M and Hancock , D A . 1998 . Body composition measurements using DXA and other techniques in tamoxifen-treated patients . Appl Radiat Isot , 49 : 643 – 645 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heymsfield , S B , McManus , C , Stevens , V and Smith , J . 1982 . Muscle mass: reliable indicator of protein-energy malnutrition severity and outcome . Am J Clin Nutr , 35 : 1192 – 1199 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fouladiun , M , Korner , U , Bosaeus , I , Daneryd , P Hyltander , A . 2005 . Body composition and time course changes in regional distribution of fat and lean tissue in unselected cancer patients on palliative care—correlations with food intake, metabolism, exercise capacity, and hormones . Cancer , 103 : 2189 – 2198 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halabi , S , Ou , S S , Vogelzang , N J and Small , E J . 2007 . Inverse correlation between body mass index and clinical outcomes in men with advanced castration-recurrent prostate cancer . Cancer , 110 : 1478 – 1484 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mora , S and Pessin , J E . 2002 . An adipocentric view of signaling and intracellular trafficking . Diabetes Metab Res Rev , 18 : 345 – 356 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norton , J A , Moley , J F , Green , M V , Carson , R E and Morrison , S D . 1985 . Parabiotic transfer of cancer anorexia/cachexia in male rats . Cancer Res , 45 : 5547 – 5552 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hirai , K , Hussey , H J , Barber , M D , Price , S A and Tisdale , M J . 1998 . Biological evaluation of a lipid-mobilizing factor isolated from the urine of cancer patients . Cancer Res , 58 : 2359 – 2365 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Todorov , P T , McDevitt , T M , Meyer , D J , Ueyama , H Ohkubo , I . 1998 . Purification and characterization of a tumor-lipid-mobilizing factor . Cancer Res , 58 : 2353 – 2358 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morrison , S D . 1983 . In vivo estimation of size of experimental tumors . JNCI , 71 : 407 – 408 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Albanese , A A and Orto , L A . 1963 . “ Protein and amino acids ” . In Newer Methods of Nutritional Biochemistry , 84 New York : Academic .
   Google Scholar
• Falholt , K , Lund , B and Falholt , W . 1973 . An easy colorimetric micromethod for routine determination of free fatty acids in plasma . Clin Chim Acta , 46 : 105 – 111 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bligh , E G and Dyer , W J . 1959 . A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification . Can J Biochem Physiol , 37 : 911 – 917 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bosaeus , I , Daneryd , P and Lundholm , K . 2002 . Dietary intake, resting energy expenditure, weight loss, and survival in cancer patients . J Nutr , 132 : 3465S – 3466S .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jatoi , A , Daly , B D , Hughes , V A , Dallal , G E Kehayias , J . 2001 . Do patients with nonmetastatic non-small cell lung cancer demonstrate altered resting energy expenditure? . Ann Thorac Surg , 72 : 348 – 351 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Knox , L S , Crosby , L O , Feurer , I D , Buzby , G P Miller , C L . 1983 . Energy expenditure in malnourished cancer patients . Ann Surg , 197 : 152 – 162 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Busquets , S , Alvarez , B , van Royen , M , Carbo , N Lopez-Soriano , F J . 2000 . Lack of effect of the cytokine supressive agent FR 167653 on tumor growth and cachexia in rats bearing the Yoshida AH-130 ascites hepatoma . Cancer Lett , 157 : 99 – 103 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Figueroa , J , Vijayagopal , P , Debata , C , Prasad , A and Prasad , C . 1999 . Azaftig, a urinary proteoglycan from a cachectic cancer patient, causes profound weight loss in mice . Life Sci , 64 : 1339 – 1347 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorite , M J , Cariuk , P and Tisdale , M J . 1997 . Induction of muscle protein degredation by a tumour factor . Br J Cancer , 76 : 1035 – 1040 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tada , T , Ohkubo , I , Niwa , M , Sasaki , M Tateyama , H . 1991 . Immunohistochemical localization of Zn-alpha2-glycoprotein in normal human tissues . J Histochem Cytochem , 39 : 1221 – 1226 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rolli , V , Radosavljevic , M , Astier , V , Macquin , C Castan-Laurell , I . 2007 . Lipolysis is altered in MHC class I zinc-alpha(2)-glycoprotein deficient mice . FEBS Lett , 581 : 394 – 400 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Russell , S T and Tisdale , M J . 2005 . The role of glucocorticoids in the induction of zinc-alpha2-glycoprotein expression in adipose tissue in cancer cachexia . Br J Cancer , 92 : 876 – 881 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Islam-Ali , B , Khan , S , Price , S A and Tisdale , M J . 2001 . Modulation of adipocyte G-protein expression in cancer cachexia by a lipid-mobilizing factor (LMF) . Br J Cancer , 85 : 758 – 763 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamoshida , S , Watanabe , K , Suzuki , M , Mizutani , Y Sakamoto , K . 2006 . Expression of cancer cachexia-related factors in human cancer xenografts: an immunohistochemical analysis . Biomed Res , 27 : 275 – 281 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rolli , V , Radosavljevic , M , Astier , V , Macquin , C Castan-Laurell , I . 2007 . Lipolysis is altered in MHC class I zinc-alpha(2)-glycoprotein deficient mice . FEBS Lett , 581 : 394 – 400 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Russell , S T , Hirai , K and Tisdale , M J . 2002 . Role of beta3-adrenergic receptors in the action of a tumour lipid mobilizing factor . Br J Cancer , 86 : 424 – 428 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sengenes , C , Zakaroff-Girard , A , Moulin , A , Berlan , M Bouloumie , A . 2002 . Natriuretic peptide-dependent lipolysis in fat cells is a primate specificity . Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol , 283 : R257 – R265 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Londos , C , Honnor , R C and Dhillon , G S . 1985 . cAMP-dependent protein kinase and lipolysis in rat adipocytes. III. Multiple modes of insulin regulation of lipolysis and regulation of insulin responses by adenylate cyclase regulators . J Biol Chem , 260 : 15139 – 15145 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar