REFERENCES
- Arasaradnam , R P , Commane , D M , Bradburn , D and Mathers , J C . 2008 . A review of dietary factors and its influence on DNA methylation in colorectal carcinogenesis . Epigenetics , 3 : 193 – 198 .
- Gray , J D , Nakouzi , G , Slowinska-Castaldo , B , Dazard , J E Rao , J S . 2010 . Functional interactions between the LRP6 WNT co-receptor and folate supplementation . Hum Mol Genet , 19 : 4560 – 4572 .
- Liu , Z , Choi , S W , Crott , J W , Keyes , M K Jang , H . 2007 . Mild depletion of dietary folate combined with other B vitamins alters multiple components of the Wnt pathway in mouse colon . J Nutr , 137 : 2701 – 2708 .
- Rawson , J B , Mrkonjic , M , Daftary , D , Dicks , E Buchanan , D D . 2011 . Promoter methylation of Wnt5a is associated with microsatellite instability and BRAF V600E mutation in two large populations of colorectal cancer patients . Br J Cancer ,
- Rawson , J B , Manno , M , Mrkonjic , M , Daftary , D Dicks , E . 2011 . Promoter methylation of Wnt antagonists DKK1 and SFRP1 is associated with opposing tumor subtypes in two large populations of colorectal cancer patients . Carcinogenesis , 32 : 741 – 747 .
- Sato , H , Suzuki , H , Toyota , M , Nojima , M Maruyama , R . 2007 . Frequent epigenetic inactivation of DICKKOPF family genes in human gastrointestinal tumors . Carcinogenesis , 28 : 2459 – 2466 .
- Aguilera , O , Fraga , M F , Ballestar , E , Paz , M F Herranz , M . 2006 . Epigenetic inactivation of the Wnt antagonist DICKKOPF-1 (DKK-1) gene in human colorectal cancer . Oncogene , 25 : 4116 – 4121 .
- Wang , Y . 2009 . Wnt/Planar cell polarity signaling: a new paradigm for cancer therapy . Mol Cancer Ther , 8 : 2103 – 2109 .
- Dejmek , J , Dejmek , A , Safholm , A , Sjolander , A and Andersson , T . 2005 . Wnt-5a protein expression in primary dukes B colon cancers identifies a subgroup of patients with good prognosis . Cancer Res , 65 : 9142 – 9146 .
- Weeraratna , A T , Jiang , Y , Hostetter , G , Rosenblatt , K Duray , P . 2002 . Wnt5a signaling directly affects cell motility and invasion of metastatic melanoma . Cancer Cell , 1 : 279 – 288 .
- Suzuki , R , Onizuka , M , Kojima , M , Shimada , M Fukagawa , S . 2007 . Preferential hypermethylation of the Dickkopf-1 promoter in core-binding factor leukaemia . Br J Haematol , 138 : 624 – 631 .
- Newcomb , P A , Baron , J , Cotterchio , M , Gallinger , S Grove , J . 2007 . Colon Cancer Family Registry: an international resource for studies of the genetic epidemiology of colon cancer . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , 16 : 2331 – 2343 .
- Green , R C , Green , J S , Buehler , S K , Robb , J D Daftary , D . 2007 . Very high incidence of familial colorectal cancer in Newfoundland: a comparison with Ontario and 13 other population-based studies . Fam Cancer , 6 : 53 – 62 .
- Cotterchio , M , Boucher , B A , Kreiger , N , Mills , C A and Thompson , LU . 2008 . Dietary phytoestrogen intake—lignans and isoflavones—and breast cancer risk (Canada) . Cancer Causes Control , 19 : 259 – 272 .
- Squires , J , Roebothan , B , Buehler , S , Sun , Z Cotterchio , M . 2010 . Pickled meat consumption and colorectal cancer (CRC): a case-control study in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada . Cancer Causes Control , 21 : 1513 – 1521 .
- Poynter , J N , Haile , R W , Siegmund , K D , Campbell , P T Figueiredo , J C . 2009 . Associations between smoking, alcohol consumption, and colorectal cancer, overall and by tumor microsatellite instability status . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , 18 : 2745 – 2750 .
- Eads , C A , Danenberg , K D , Kawakami , K , Saltz , L B Blake , C . 2000 . MethyLight: a high-throughput assay to measure DNA methylation . Nucleic Acids Res , 28 ( E32 )
- Ying , J , Li , H , Yu , J , Ng , K M Poon , F F . 2008 . WNT5A exhibits tumor-suppressive activity through antagonizing the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, and is frequently methylated in colorectal cancer . Clin Cancer Res , 14 : 55 – 61 .
- Weisenberger , D J , Siegmund , K D , Campan , M , Young , J Long , T I . 2006 . CpG island methylator phenotype underlies sporadic microsatellite instability and is tightly associated with BRAF mutation in colorectal cancer . Nat Genet , 38 : 787 – 793 .
- Weisenberger , D J , Campan , M , Long , T I , Kim , M Woods , C . 2005 . Analysis of repetitive element DNA methylation by MethyLight . Nucleic Acids Res , 33 : 6823 – 6836 .
- Ogino , S , Kawasaki , T , Brahmandam , M , Cantor , M Kirkner , G J . 2006 . Precision and performance characteristics of bisulfite conversion and real-time PCR (MethyLight) for quantitative DNA methylation analysis . J Mol Diagn , 8 : 209 – 217 .
- Giovannucci , E . 2010 . Epidemiology of vitamin D and colorectal cancer: casual or causal link? . J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol , 121 : 349 – 354 .
- Stefanska , B , Karlic , H , Varga , F , Fabianowska-Majewska , K and Haslberger , A G . 2012 . Epigenetic mechanisms in anti-cancer actions of bioactive food components-the implications in cancer prevention . Br J Pharmacol ,
- Aguilera , O , Pena , C , Garcia , J M , Larriba , M J Ordonez-Moran , P . 2007 . The Wnt antagonist DICKKOPF-1 gene is induced by 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 associated to the differentiation of human colon cancer cells . Carcinogenesis , 28 : 1877 – 1884 .
- Canadian Cancer Society's Steering Committee on Cancer Statistics . Canadian Cancer Statistics 2012. Toronto, ON: Canadian Cancer Society; 2012
- Raptis , S , Mrkonjic , M , Green , R C , Pethe , V V Monga , N . 2007 . MLH1 -93G>A promoter polymorphism and the risk of microsatellite-unstable colorectal cancer . J Natl Cancer Inst , 99 : 463 – 474 .
- Fioletov , V E , McArthur , L J , Mathews , T W and Marrett , L . 2010 . Estimated ultraviolet exposure levels for a sufficient vitamin D status in North America . J Photochem Photobiol B , 100 : 57 – 66 .
- Suzuki , M , Shigematsu , H , Nakajima , T , Kubo , R Motohashi , S . 2007 . Synchronous alterations of Wnt and epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathways through aberrant methylation and mutation in non small cell lung cancer . Clin Cancer Res , 13 : 6087 – 6092 .
- Samowitz , W S , Albertsen , H , Sweeney , C , Herrick , J Caan , B J . 2006 . Association of smoking, CpG island methylator phenotype, and V600E BRAF mutations in colon cancer . J Natl Cancer Inst , 98 : 1731 – 1718 .
- Hussain , M , Rao , M , Humphries , A E , Hong , J A Liu , F . 2009 . Tobacco smoke induces polycomb-mediated repression of Dickkopf-1 in lung cancer cells . Cancer Res , 69 : 3570 – 3578 .
- Hughes , L A , Simons , C C , van den Brandt , P A , Goldbohm , R A van Engeland , M . 2011 . Body size and colorectal cancer risk after 16.3 years of follow-up: an analysis from the Netherlands Cohort Study . Am J Epidemiol , 174 : 1127 – 1139 .
- Schernhammer , E S , Giovannucci , E , Kawasaki , T , Rosner , B Fuchs , C S . 2010 . Dietary folate, alcohol and B vitamins in relation to LINE-1 hypomethylation in colon cancer . Gut , 59 : 794 – 799 .
- Schernhammer , E S , Giovannucci , E , Baba , Y , Fuchs , C S and Ogino , S . 2011 . B vitamins, methionine and alcohol intake and risk of colon cancer in relation to BRAF mutation and CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) . PLoS One , 6 : e21102