REFERENCES
- Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, and Pisani P: Global cancer statistics, 2002. Cancer J Clin 55, 74–108, 2005.
- Xie K, Wei D, and Huang S: Transcriptional anti-angiogenesis therapy of human pancreatic cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 17, 147–156, 2006.
- Zheng L, Wang L, Ajani J, and Xie K: Molecular basis of gastric cancer development and progression. Gastric Cancer 7, 61–77, 2004.
- He W, Wang B, Zhuang Y, Shao D, Sun K, et al.: Berberine inhibits growth and induces G1 arrest and apoptosis in human cholangiocarcinoma QBC939 cells. J Pharmacol Sci 119, 341–348, 2012.
- Wang L, Liu L, Shi Y, Cao H, Chaturvedi R, et al.: Berberine induces caspase-independent cell death in colon tumor cells through activation of apoptosis-inducing factor. PLoS One 7, e36418, 2012.
- Wang N, Feng Y, Zhu M, Tsang CM, Man K, et al.: Berberine induces autophagic cell death and mitochondrial apoptosis in liver cancer cells: the cellular mechanism. J Cell Biochem 111, 1426–1436, 2010.
- Hers I, Vincent EE, and Tavaré JM: Akt signalling in health and disease. Cell Signal 23, 1515–1527, 2011.
- Brognard J, Clark AS, Ni Y, and Dennis PA: Akt/protein kinase B is constitutively active in non-small cell lung cancer cells and promotes cellular survival and resistance to chemotherapy and radiation. Cancer Res 61, 3986–3997, 2001.
- Yamamoto S, Tomita Y, Hoshida Y, Morooka T, Nagano H, et al.: Prognostic significance of activated Akt expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 10, 2846–2850, 2004.
- Zhang B and Xia C: 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-1, 3-acetate induces the negative regulation of protein kinase B by protein kinase Calpha during gastric cancer cell apoptosis. Cell Mol Biol Lett 15, 377–394, 2010.
- Liu J, Zhang Y, Qu J, Xu L, Hou K, et al.: β-Elemene-induced autophagy protects human gastric cancer cells from undergoing apoptosis. BMC Cancer 11, 183–192, 2011.
- Hu C, Song G, Zhang B, Liu Z, Chen R, et al.: Intestinal metabolite compound K of panaxoside inhibits the growth of gastric carcinoma by augmenting apoptosis via Bid-mediated mitochondrial pathway. J Cell Mol Med 16, 96–106, 2012.
- Afanas'Ev IB: Mechanism of superoxide-mediated damage relevance to mitochondrial aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1019, 343–345, 2004.
- Pelicano H, Feng L, Zhou Y, Carew JS, Hileman EO, et al.: Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration: A novel strategy to enhance drug-induced apoptosis in human leukemia cells by a reactive oxygen species-mediated mechanism. J Biol Chem 278, 37832–37839, 2003.
- Ho YT, Yang J, Lu CC, Chiang JH, Li TC, et al.: Berberine inhibits human tongue squamous carcinoma cancer tumor growth in a murine xenograft model. Phytomedicine 16, 887–890, 2009.
- Oh CD and Chun JS: Signaling mechanisms leading to the regulation of differentiation and apoptosis of articular chondrocytes by insulin-like growth factor-1. J Biol Chem 278, 36563–36571, 2003.
- Słuczanowska-Głąbowska S, Laszczyńska M, Wylot M, Głąbowski W, Piasecka M, et al.: Morphological and immunohistochemical comparison of three rat prostate lobes (lateral, dorsal and ventral) in experimental hyperprolactinemia. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 48, 447–454, 2010.
- Sarbassov DD, Guertin DA, Ali SM, and Sabatini DM: Phosphorylation and regulation of Akt/PKB by the rictor-mTOR complex. Science307, 1098–1101, 2005.
- Chen LB: Mitochondrial membrane potential in living cells. Annu Rev Cell Biol 4, 155–181, 1988.
- Huang M, Camara AK, Stowe DF, Qi F, and Beard DA: Mitochondrial inner membrane electrophysiology assessed by rhodamine-123 transport and fluorescence. Ann Biomed Eng 35, 1276–1285, 2007.
- Chidambara Murthy KN, Jayaprakasha GK, and Patil BS: The natural alkaloid berberine targets multiple pathways to induce cell death in cultured human colon cancer cells. Eur J Pharmacol 688,14–21, 2012.
- Lin HL, Liu TY, Wu CW, and Chi CW: Berberine modulates expression of mdr1 gene product and the responses of digestive track cancer cells to Paclitaxel. Br J Cancer 81, 416–422, 1999.
- Eom KS, Kim HJ, So HS, Park R, and Kim TY: Berberine-induced apoptosis in human glioblastoma T98G cells is mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress accompanying reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction. Biol Pharm Bull 33, 1644–1649, 2010.
- Kuo HP, Chuang TC, Yeh MH, Hsu SC, Way TD, et al.: Growth suppression of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells by berberine via modulation of the HER2/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. J Agric Food Chem 59, 8216–8124, 2011.
- Iijima Y, Laser M, Shiraishi H, Willey CD, Sundaravadivel B, et al.: c-Raf/MEK/ERK pathway controls protein kinase C-mediated p70S6K activation in adult cardiac muscle cells. J Biol Chem 277, 23065–23075, 2002.