Evaluation of the Cytotoxic Activity of Crocin and Safranal, Constituents of Saffron, in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (KB Cell Line)

References

• Jonsson EL, Nylander K, Hallen L, and Laurell G: Effect of radiotherapy on expression of hyaluronan and EGFR and presence of mast cells in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Oncol Lett 4, 1177–1182, 2012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamamoto C, Kutsuki M, Nishikawa M, Nishimura K, Inoda H, et al.: CPE chemotherapy for tongue carcinoma–clinical effects and side effects. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 24, 843–847, 1997.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Abdullaev FI, Riveron-Negrete L, Caballero-Ortega H, Manuel Hernandez J, Perez-Lopez I, et al.: Use of in vitro assays to assess the potential antigenotoxic and cytotoxic effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Toxicol In Vitro 17, 731–736, 2003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Escribano J, Alonso G-L, Coca-Prados M, and Fernández J-A: Crocin, safranal and picrocrocin from saffron (Crocus sativus L.) inhibit the growth of human cancer cells in vitro. Cancer Letters 100, 23–30, 1996.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samarghandian S, and Borji A: Anticarcinogenic effect of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and its ingredients. Pharmacognosy Res 6, 99–107, 2014.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chryssanthi DG, Lamari FN, Iatrou G, Pylara A, Karamanos NK, et al.: Inhibition of breast cancer cell proliferation by style constituents of different Crocus species. Anticancer Res 27, 357–362, 2007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nair SC, Pannikar B, and Panikkar KR: Antitumour activity of saffron (Crocus sativus). Cancer Lett 57, 109–114, 1991.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tavakkol-Afshari J, Brook A, and Mousavi SH: Study of cytotoxic and apoptogenic properties of saffron extract in human cancer cell lines. Food Chem Toxicol 46, 3443–3447, 2008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosseinzadeh H, Shamsaie F, and Mehri S: Antioxidant activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Crocus sativus L. stigma and its bioactive constituent, crocin and safranal. Pharmacog Mag 5, 419–424, 2009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosseinzadeh H, Karimi G, and Niapoor M: Antidepressant effect of Crocus sativus L. stigma extracts and their constituents, crocin and safranal, in mice. Acta Horticulturae 650, 435–445, 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Assimopoulou AN, Sinakos Z, and Papageorgiou VP: Radical scavenging activity of Crocus sativus L. extract and its bioactive constituents. Phytother Res 19, 997–1000, 2005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Y, Zhang H, Tian X, Zhao C, Cai L, et al.: Antioxidant potential of crocins and ethanol extracts of Gardenia jasminoides ELLIS and Crocus sativus L.: A relationship investigation between antioxidant activity and crocin contents. Food Chem 109, 484–492, 2008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdullaev FI, and Espinosa-Aguirre JJ: Biomedical properties of saffron and its potential use in cancer therapy and chemoprevention trials. Cancer Detect Prev 28, 426–432, 2004.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ríos JL, Recio MC, Giner RM, and Meñez S: An update review of saffron and its active constituents. Phytother Res 10, 189–193, 1996.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao P, Luo CL, Wu XH, Hu HB, Lv CF, et al.: [Proliferation apoptotic influence of crocin on human bladder cancer T24 cell line]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 33, 1869–1873, 2008.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hoshyar R, Bathaie SZ, and Sadeghizadeh M: Crocin triggers the apoptosis through increasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase activation in human gastric adenocarcinoma, AGS, cells. DNA Cell Biol 32, 50–57, 2013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malaekeh-Nikouei B, Mousavi SH, Shahsavand S, Mehri S, Nassirli H, et al.: Assessment of cytotoxic properties of safranal and nanoliposomal safranal in various cancer cell lines. Phytother Res 27, 1868–1873, 2013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samarghandian S, and Shabestari MM: DNA fragmentation and apoptosis induced by safranal in human prostate cancer cell line. Indian J Urol 29, 177–183, 2013.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Feizzadeh B, Afshari JT, Rakhshandeh H, Rahimi A, Brook A, et al.: Cytotoxic effect of saffron stigma aqueous extract on human transitional cell carcinoma and mouse fibroblast. Urol J 5, 161–167, 2008.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mosmann T: Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J Immunol Methods 65, 55–63, 1983.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shobeiri N, Rashedi M, Mosaffa F, Zarghi A, Ghandadi M, et al.: Synthesis and biological evaluation of quinoline analogues of flavones as potential anticancer agents and tubulin polymerization inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 114, 14–23, 2016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guzman M: Cannabinoids: potential anticancer agents. Nat Rev Cancer 3, 745–755, 2003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taraphdar AK, Roy M, and Bhattacharya RK: Natural products as inducers of apoptosis: Implication for cancer therapy and prevention. Curr Sci 80, 1387–1396, 2001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosseinzadeh H: Saffron: a herbal medicine of third millennium. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 9, 1–2, 2014.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Samarghandian S, Boskabady MH, and Davoodi S: Use of in vitro assays to assess the potential antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in human lung cancer cell line. Pharmacogn Mag 6, 309–314, 2010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun J, Xu XM, Ni CZ, Zhang H, Li XY, et al.: Crocin inhibits proliferation and nucleic acid synthesis and induces apoptosis in the human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line Tca8113. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 12, 2679–2683, 2011.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Abdullaev FI: Cancer chemopreventive and tumoricidal properties of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 227, 20–25, 2002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milajerdi A, Djafarian K, and Hosseini B: The toxicity of saffron (Crocus satious L.) and its constituents against normal and cancer cells. J Nutr Intermed Metab 3, 23–32, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• el Daly ES: Protective effect of cysteine and vitamin E, Crocus sativus and Nigella sativa extracts on cisplatin-induced toxicity in rats. J Pharm Belg 53, 87–93; discussion 93–95, 1998.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baba A, and Câtoi C: Tumor cell morphology. Comparative Oncology, Bucharest, Romania: The Publishing House of the Romanian Academy, 2007, pp. 8–9.
   Google Scholar
• Parsaee H, Asili J, Mousavi SH, Soofi H, Emami SA, et al.: Apoptosis induction of salvia chorassanica root extract on human cervical cancer cell line. Iran J Pharm Res 12, 75–83, 2013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bathaie SZ, Hoshyar R, Miri H, and Sadeghizadeh M: Anticancer effects of crocetin in both human adenocarcinoma gastric cancer cells and rat model of gastric cancer. Biochem Cell Biol 91, 397–403, 2013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'Alessandro AM, Mancini A, Lizzi AR, De Simone A, Marroccella CE, et al.: Crocus sativus stigma extract and its major constituent crocin possess significant antiproliferative properties against human prostate cancer. Nutr Cancer 65, 930–942, 2013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li S, Jiang S, Jiang W, Zhou Y, Shen XY, et al.: Anticancer effects of crocetin in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma KYSE-150 cells. Oncol Lett 9, 1254–1260, 2015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bathaie SZ, Miri H, Mohagheghi MA, Mokhtari-Dizaji M, Shahbazfar AA, et al.: Saffron aqueous extract inhibits the chemically-induced gastric cancer progression in the wistar albino rat. Iran J Basic Med Sci 16, 27–38, 2013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia-Olmo DC, Riese HH, Escribano J, Ontanon J, Fernandez JA, et al.: Effects of long-term treatment of colon adenocarcinoma with crocin, a carotenoid from saffron (Crocus sativus L.): an experimental study in the rat. Nutr Cancer 35, 120–126, 1999.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manoharan S, Wani SA, Vasudevan K, Manimaran A, Prabhakar MM, et al.: Saffron reduction of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 14, 951–957, 2013.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dhar A, Mehta S, Dhar G, Dhar K, Banerjee S, et al.: Crocetin inhibits pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and tumor progression in a xenograft mouse model. Mol Cancer Ther 8, 315–323, 2009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar