1,303
Views
128
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Articles

Clinical Value of Nutritional Status in Cancer: What is its Impact and how it Affects Disease Progression and Prognosis?

, , &
Pages 1151-1176 | Received 27 Dec 2016, Accepted 06 Jul 2017, Published online: 30 Oct 2017

References

  • Cancer. National Cancer Institute: NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms, 2017. Retrieved from https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms?expand=C
  • Stewart BW, Wild CP and International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Cancer Report 2014, Lyon, IARC, 2014.
  • Cancer Fact sheet N 297. World Health Organization, 2017. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs297/en/
  • Rosen EM, Fan S, Pestell RG, and Goldberg ID: BRCA1 gene in breast cancer. J Cell Physiol 196, 19–41, 2003.
  • Dewys WD, Begg C, Lavin PT, Band PR, Bennett JM, et al.: Prognostic effect of weight loss prior to chemotherapy in cancer patients. Eastern cooperative oncology group. Am J Med 69, 491–497, 1980.
  • Argiles JM: Cancer-associated malnutrition. Eur J Oncol Nurs 9(Suppl 2), S39–50, 2005. doi: 10.1016/j.ejon.2005.09.006
  • Laviano A, Preziosa I, and Fanelli FR: Cancer and nutritional status. In: Nutrition and Cancer pp. 13–26. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2010.
  • Santarpia L, Contaldo F, and Pasanisi F: Nutritional screening and early treatment of malnutrition in cancer patients. J Cachexia, Sarcopenia Muscle 2, 27–35, 2011. doi: 10.1007/s13539-011-0022-x
  • Clare S: Cancer. In: Manual of Dietetic Practice (5 ed.). Hoboken, United States: Wiley Blackwell, 2014.
  • Arends J, Bodoky G, Bozzetti F, Fearon K, Muscaritoli M, et al.: ESPEN guidelines on enteral nutrition: non-surgical oncology. Clin Nutr 25, 245–259, 2006. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2006.01.020
  • Andreyev HJN, Norman AR, Oates J, and Cunningham D: Why do patients with weight loss have a worse outcome when undergoing chemotherapy for gastrointestinal malignancies? Eur J Cancer 34, 503–509, 1998. https://doi.org/doi: 10.1016/S0959-8049(97)10090-9
  • Sheng J, Yang YP, Ma YX, Qin T, Hu ZH, et al.: Low prognostic nutritional index correlates with worse survival in patients with advanced NSCLC following EGFR-TKIs. PLoS One 11, e0147226, 2016. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147226
  • Mori S, Usami N, Fukumoto K, Mizuno T, Kuroda H, et al.: The significance of the prognostic nutritional index in patients with completely resected non-small cell lung cancer. PLoS One 10, e0136897, 2015. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136897
  • Hong S, Zhou T, Fang W, Xue C, Hu Z, et al.: The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) predicts overall survival of small-cell lung cancer patients. Tumour Biol 36, 3389–3397, 2015. doi: 10.1007/s13277-014-2973-y
  • Yao ZH, Tian GY, Wan YY, Kang YM, Guo HS, et al.: Prognostic nutritional index predicts outcomes of malignant pleural mesothelioma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 139, 2117–2123, 2013. doi: 10.1007/s00432-013-1523-0
  • Sun H, Hu P, Shen H, Dong W, Zhang T, et al.: Albumin and neutrophil combined prognostic grade as a new prognostic factor in non-small cell lung cancer: results from a large consecutive cohort. PLoS One 10, e0144663, 2015. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144663
  • Yildirim M, Yildiz M, Duman E, Goktas S, and Kaya V: Prognostic importance of the nutritional status and systemic inflammatory response in non-small cell lung cancer. J Buon 18, 728–732, 2013.
  • Scott HR, McMillan DC, Forrest LM, Brown DJ, McArdle CS, et al.: The systemic inflammatory response, weight loss, performance status and survival in patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer. Br J Cancer 87, 264–267, 2002. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600466
  • Kawai H, and Ota H: Low perioperative serum prealbumin predicts early recurrence after curative pulmonary resection for non-small-cell lung cancer. World J Surg 36, 2853–2857, 2012. doi: 10.1007/s00268-012-1766-y
  • Gioulbasanis I, Georgoulias P, Vlachostergios PJ, Baracos V, Ghosh S, et al.: Mini nutritional assessment (MNA) and biochemical markers of cachexia in metastatic lung cancer patients: interrelations and associations with prognosis. Lung Cancer 74, 516–520, 2011. doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2011.05.009
  • Giannousi Z, Gioulbasanis I, Pallis AG, Xyrafas A, Dalliani D, et al.: Nutritional status, acute phase response and depression in metastatic lung cancer patients: correlations and association prognosis. Support Care Cancer 20, 1823–1829, 2012. doi: 10.1007/s00520-011-1282-x
  • Meek CL, Wallace AM, Forrest LM, and McMillan DC: The relationship between the insulin-like growth factor-1 axis, weight loss, an inflammation-based score and survival in patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Nutr 29, 206–209, 2010. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2009.08.013
  • Tewari N, Martin-Ucar AE, Black E, Beggs L, Beggs FD, et al.: Nutritional status affects long term survival after lobectomy for lung cancer. Lung Cancer 57, 389–394, 2007. doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2007.03.017
  • Luo J, Chen YJ, Narsavage GL, and Ducatman A: Predictors of survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum 39, 609–616, 2012. doi: 10.1188/12.onf.609-616
  • Attaran S, McShane J, Whittle I, Poullis M, and Shackcloth M: A propensity-matched comparison of survival after lung resection in patients with a high versus low body mass index. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 42, 653–658, 2012. doi: 10.1093/ejcts/ezs135
  • Win T, Sharples L, Groves AM, Ritchie AJ, Wells FC, et al.: Predicting survival in potentially curable lung cancer patients. Lung 186, 97–102, 2008. doi: 10.1007/s00408-007-9067-1
  • Fiorelli A, Vicidomini G, Mazzella A, Messina G, Milione R, et al.: The influence of body mass index and weight loss on outcome of elderly patients undergoing lung cancer resection. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 62, 578–587, 2014. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1373733
  • Jagoe RT, Goodship TH, and Gibson GJ: The influence of nutritional status on complications after operations for lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg 71, 936–943, 2001.
  • Lai SL, and Perng RP: Impact of nutritional status on the survival of lung cancer patients. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 61, 134–140, 1998.
  • Tartari RF, Ulbrich-Kulczynski JM, and Filho AF: Measurement of mid-arm muscle circumference and prognosis in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer patients. Oncol Lett 5, 1063–1067, 2013. doi: 10.3892/ol.2013.1128
  • Sanchez-Lara K, Turcott JG, Juarez E, Guevara P, Nunez-Valencia C, et al.: Association of nutrition parameters including bioelectrical impedance and systemic inflammatory response with quality of life and prognosis in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a prospective study. Nutr Cancer 64, 526–534, 2012. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2012.668744
  • Clavier JB, Antoni D, Atlani D, Ben Abdelghani M, Schumacher C, et al.: Baseline nutritional status is prognostic factor after definitive radiochemotherapy for esophageal cancer. Dis Esophagus 27, 560–567, 2014. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2012.01441.x
  • Salas S, Deville JL, Giorgi R, Pignon T, Bagarry D, et al.: Nutritional factors as predictors of response to radio-chemotherapy and survival in unresectable squamous head and neck carcinoma. Radiother Oncol 87, 195–200, 2008. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2008.02.011
  • Zemanova M, Novak F, Vitek P, Pazdro A, Smejkal M, et al.: Outcomes of patients with oesophageal cancer treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy, followed by tumor resection: influence of nutritional factors. J buon 17, 310–316, 2012.
  • Hamai Y, Hihara J, Emi M, Taomoto J, Aoki Y, et al.: Treatment outcomes and prognostic factors for thoracic esophageal cancer with clinical evidence of adjacent organ invasion. Anticancer Res 33, 3495–3502, 2013.
  • Di Fiore F, Lecleire S, Pop D, Rigal O, Hamidou H, et al.: Baseline nutritional status is predictive of response to treatment and survival in patients treated by definitive chemoradiotherapy for a locally advanced esophageal cancer. Am J Gastroenterol 102, 2557–2563, 2007. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01437.x
  • Harada K, Ida S, Baba Y, Ishimoto T, Kosumi K, et al.: Prognostic and clinical impact of sarcopenia in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Dis Esophagus 29(6), 627–633, 2015.
  • Brookes GB: Nutritional status–a prognostic indicator in head and neck cancer. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 93, 69–74, 1985.
  • Ottosson S, Soderstrom K, Kjellen E, Nilsson P, Zackrisson B, et al.: Weight and body mass index in relation to irradiated volume and to overall survival in patients with oropharyngeal cancer: a retrospective cohort study. Radiat Oncol 9, 160, 2014. doi: 10.1186/1748-717x-9-160
  • van Bokhorst-de van der S, van Leeuwen PA, Kuik DJ, Klop WM, Sauerwein HP, et al.: The impact of nutritional status on the prognoses of patients with advanced head and neck cancer. Cancer 86, 519–527, 1999.
  • D'Journo XB, Ouattara M, Loundou A, Trousse D, Dahan L, et al.: Prognostic impact of weight loss in 1-year survivors after transthoracic esophagectomy for cancer. Dis Esophagus 25, 527–534, 2012. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2011.01282.x
  • Chang PH, Yeh KY, Huang JS, Lai CH, Wu TH, et al.: Pretreatment performance status and nutrition are associated with early mortality of locally advanced head and neck cancer patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiation. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 270, 1909–1915, 2013. doi: 10.1007/s00405-012-2290-2
  • Pai PC, Chuang CC, Tseng CK, Tsang NM, Chang KP, et al.: Impact of pretreatment body mass index on patients with head-and-neck cancer treated with radiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 83, e93–e100, 2012. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.11.071
  • Chang PH, Wang CH, Huang JS, Lai CH, Wu TH, et al.: Low body mass index at 3 months following adjuvant chemoradiation affects survival of postoperative locally advanced oral cavity cancer patients. Laryngoscope 122, 2193–2198, 2012. doi: 10.1002/lary.23450
  • Li ZQ, Zou L, Liu TR, and Yang AK: Prognostic value of body mass index before treatment for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Biol Med 12, 394–400, 2015. doi: 10.7497/j.issn.2095-3941.2015.0043
  • Takenaka Y, Takemoto N, Nakahara S, Yamamoto Y, Yasui T, et al.: Prognostic significance of body mass index before treatment for head and neck cancer. Head Neck 37, 1518–1523, 2015. doi: 10.1002/hed.23785
  • Liu SA, Tsai WC, Wong YK, Lin JC, Poon CK, et al.: Nutritional factors and survival of patients with oral cancer. Head Neck 28, 998–1007, 2006. doi: 10.1002/hed.20461
  • Li G, Gao J, Liu ZG, Tao YL, Xu BQ, et al.: Influence of pretreatment ideal body weight percentile and albumin on prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Long-term outcomes of 512 patients from a single institution. Head Neck 36, 660–666, 2014. doi: 10.1002/hed.23357
  • Zemanova M, Stankova B, Usiakova Z, Tvrzicka E, Pazdro A, et al.: Serum adiponectin relates to shortened overall survival in men with squamous cell esophageal cancer treated with preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy: a pilot study. Med Sci Monit 20, 2351–2357, 2014. doi: 10.12659/msm.891088
  • Sachlova M, Majek O, and Tucek S: Prognostic value of scores based on malnutrition or systemic inflammatory response in patients with metastatic or recurrent gastric cancer. Nutr Cancer 66, 1362–1370, 2014. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2014.956261
  • Eo WK, Chang HJ, Suh J, Ahn J, Shin J, et al.: The prognostic nutritional index predicts survival and identifies aggressiveness of gastric cancer. Nutr Cancer 67, 1260–1267, 2015. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2015.1082112
  • Watanabe M, Iwatsuki M, Iwagami S, Ishimoto T, Baba Y, et al.: Prognostic nutritional index predicts outcomes of gastrectomy in the elderly. World J Surg 36, 1632–1639, 2012. doi: 10.1007/s00268-012-1526-z
  • Jiang N, Deng JY, Ding XW, Ke B, Liu N, et al.: Prognostic nutritional index predicts postoperative complications and long-term outcomes of gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 20, 10537–10544, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i30.10537
  • Migita K, Takayama T, Saeki K, Matsumoto S, Wakatsuki K, et al.: The prognostic nutritional index predicts long-term outcomes of gastric cancer patients independent of tumor stage. Ann Surg Oncol 20, 2647–2654, 2013. doi: 10.1245/s10434-013-2926-5
  • Sun KY, Xu JB, Chen SL, Yuan YJ, Wu H, et al.: Novel immunological and nutritional-based prognostic index for gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 21, 5961–5971, 2015. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i19.5961
  • Kubota T, Hiki N, Nunobe S, Kumagai K, Aikou S, et al.: Significance of the inflammation-based Glasgow prognostic score for short- and long-term outcomes after curative resection of gastric cancer. J Gastrointest Surg 16, 2037–2044, 2012. doi: 10.1007/s11605-012-2036-x
  • Chen XL, Xue L, Wang W, Chen HN, Zhang WH, et al.: Prognostic significance of the combination of preoperative hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte and platelet in patients with gastric carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study. Oncotarget 6, 41370–41382, 2015. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.5629
  • Shen JG, Cheong JH, Hyung WJ, Kim J, Choi SH, et al.: Pretreatment anemia is associated with poorer survival in patients with stage I and II gastric cancer. J Surg Oncol 91, 126–130, 2005. doi: 10.1002/jso.20272
  • Tegels JJ, de Maat MF, Hulsewe KW, Hoofwijk AG, and Stoot JH: Value of geriatric frailty and nutritional status assessment in predicting postoperative mortality in gastric cancer surgery. J Gastrointest Surg 18, 439–445; discussion 445–6, 2014. doi: 10.1007/s11605-013-2443-7
  • Qiu M, Zhou YX, Jin Y, Wang ZX, Wei XL, et al.: Nutrition support can bring survival benefit to high nutrition risk gastric cancer patients who received chemotherapy. Support Care Cancer 23, 1933–1939, 2015. doi: 10.1007/s00520-014-2523-6
  • Persson C, and Glimelius B: The relevance of weight loss for survival and quality of life in patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer treated with palliative chemotherapy. Anticancer Res 22, 3661–3668, 2002.
  • Minami Y, Kawai M, Fujiya T, Suzuki M, Noguchi T, et al.: Family history, body mass index and survival in Japanese patients with stomach cancer: a prospective study. Int J Cancer 136, 411–424, 2015. doi: 10.1002/ijc.29001
  • Ejaz A, Spolverato G, Kim Y, Poultsides GA, Fields RC, et al.: Impact of body mass index on perioperative outcomes and survival after resection for gastric cancer. J Surg Res 195, 74–82, 2015. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.12.048
  • Ikeguchi M, Urushibara S, Shimoda R, Yamamoto M, Maeta Y, et al.: Inflammation-based prognostic scores and nutritional prognostic index in patients with locally-advanced unresectable colorectal cancer. World J Surg Oncol 12, 210, 2014. doi: 10.1186/1477-7819-12-210
  • Maeda K, Shibutani M, Otani H, Nagahara H, Sugano K, et al.: Low nutritional prognostic index correlates with poor survival in patients with stage IV colorectal cancer following palliative resection of the primary tumor. World J Surg 38, 1217–1222, 2014. doi: 10.1007/s00268-013-2386-x
  • Mohri Y, Inoue Y, Tanaka K, Hiro J, Uchida K, et al.: Prognostic nutritional index predicts postoperative outcome in colorectal cancer. World J Surg 37, 2688–2692, 2013. doi: 10.1007/s00268-013-2156-9
  • Tokunaga R, Sakamoto Y, Nakagawa S, Miyamoto Y, Yoshida N, et al.: Prognostic nutritional index predicts severe complications, recurrence, and poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer undergoing primary tumor resection. Dis Colon Rectum 58, 1048–1057, 2015. doi: 10.1097/dcr.0000000000000458
  • Ikeya T, Shibutani M, Maeda K, Sugano K, Nagahara H, et al.: Maintenance of the nutritional prognostic index predicts survival in patients with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 141, 307–313, 2015. doi: 10.1007/s00432-014-1799-8
  • Sun LC, Chu KS, Cheng SC, Lu CY, Kuo CH, et al.: Preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen, albumin and age are supplementary to UICC staging systems in predicting survival for colorectal cancer patients undergoing surgical treatment. BMC Cancer 9, 288, 2009. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-9-288
  • Barret M, Malka D, Aparicio T, Dalban C, Locher C, et al.: Nutritional status affects treatment tolerability and survival in metastatic colorectal cancer patients: results of an AGEO prospective multicenter study. Oncology 81, 395–402, 2011. doi: 10.1159/000335478
  • Thoresen L, Frykholm G, Lydersen S, Ulveland H, Baracos V, et al.: Nutritional status, cachexia and survival in patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma. Different assessment criteria for nutritional status provide unequal results. Clin Nutr 32, 65–72, 2013. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2012.05.009
  • Gupta D, Lammersfeld CA, Vashi PG, Burrows J, Lis CG, et al.: Prognostic significance of subjective global assessment (SGA) in advanced colorectal cancer. Eur J Clin Nutr 59, 35–40, 2005. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602029
  • Read JA, Choy ST, Beale PJ, and Clarke SJ: Evaluation of nutritional and inflammatory status of advanced colorectal cancer patients and its correlation with survival. Nutr Cancer 55, 78–85, 2006. doi: 10.1207/s15327914nc5501_10
  • Aaldriks AA, van der Geest LG, Giltay EJ, le Cessie S, Portielje JE, et al.: Frailty and malnutrition predictive of mortality risk in older patients with advanced colorectal cancer receiving chemotherapy. J Geriatr Oncol 4, 218–226, 2013. doi: 10.1016/j.jgo.2013.04.001
  • Pasanisi F, Orban A, Scalfi L, Alfonsi L, Santarpia L, et al.: Predictors of survival in terminal-cancer patients with irreversible bowel obstruction receiving home parenteral nutrition. Nutrition 17, 581–584, 2001.
  • Geng Y, Qi Q, Sun M, Chen H, Wang P, et al.: Prognostic nutritional index predicts survival and correlates with systemic inflammatory response in advanced pancreatic cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 41, 1508–1514, 2015. doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2015.07.022
  • Kanda M, Fujii T, Kodera Y, Nagai S, Takeda S, et al.: Nutritional predictors of postoperative outcome in pancreatic cancer. Br J Surg 98, 268–274, 2011. doi: 10.1002/bjs.7305
  • Su CH, Shyr YM, Lui WY, and P'Eng FK: Factors affecting morbidity, mortality and survival after pancreaticoduodenectomy for carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater. Hepatogastroenterology 46, 1973–1979, 1999.
  • Bachmann J, Buchler MW, Friess H, and Martignoni ME: Cachexia in patients with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer: impact on survival and outcome. Nutr Cancer 65, 827–833, 2013. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2013.804580
  • Bachmann J, Heiligensetzer M, Krakowski-Roosen H, Buchler MW, Friess H, et al.: Cachexia worsens prognosis in patients with resectable pancreatic cancer. J Gastrointest Surg 12, 1193–1201, 2008. doi: 10.1007/s11605-008-0505-z
  • Tan BH, Birdsell LA, Martin L, Baracos VE, and Fearon KC: Sarcopenia in an overweight or obese patient is an adverse prognostic factor in pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res 15, 6973–6979, 2009. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-1525
  • Aslani A, Gill AJ, Roach PJ, Allen BJ, and Smith RC: Preoperative body composition is influenced by the stage of operable pancreatic adenocarcinoma but does not predict survival after Whipple's procedure. HPB (Oxford) 12, 325–333, 2010. doi: 10.1111/j.1477-2574.2010.00171.x
  • Kama NA, Coskun T, Yuksek YN, and Yazgan A: Factors affecting post-operative mortality in malignant biliary tract obstruction. Hepatogastroenterology 46, 103–107, 1999.
  • Naumann P, Habermehl D, Welzel T, Debus J, and Combs SE: Outcome after neoadjuvant chemoradiation and correlation with nutritional status in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Strahlenther Onkol 189, 745–752, 2013. doi: 10.1007/s00066-013-0393-3
  • Meza-Junco J, Montano-Loza AJ, Baracos VE, Prado CM, Bain VG, et al.: Sarcopenia as a prognostic index of nutritional status in concurrent cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Gastroenterol 47, 861–870, 2013. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0b013e318293a825
  • Hofbauer SL, Pantuck AJ, de Martino M, Lucca I, Haitel A, et al.: The preoperative prognostic nutritional index is an independent predictor of survival in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Urol Oncol 33, 68.e1–7, 2015. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2014.08.005
  • Corcoran AT, Kaffenberger SD, Clark PE, Walton J, Handorf E, et al.: Hypoalbuminaemia is associated with mortality in patients undergoing cytoreductive nephrectomy. BJU Int 116, 351–357, 2015. doi: 10.1111/bju.12897
  • Lambert JW, Ingham M, Gibbs BB, Given RW, Lance RS, et al.: Using preoperative albumin levels as a surrogate marker for outcomes after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. Urology 81, 587–592, 2013. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.10.055
  • Sharma P, Zargar-Shoshtari K, Caracciolo JT, Fishman M, Poch MA, et al.: Sarcopenia as a predictor of overall survival after cytoreductive nephrectomy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Urol Oncol 33, 339.e17–23, 2015. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2015.01.011
  • Gu W, Zhu Y, Wang H, Zhang H, Shi G, et al.: Prognostic value of components of body composition in patients treated with targeted therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma: a retrospective case series. PLoS One 10, e0118022, 2015. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118022
  • Hakimi AA, Furberg H, Zabor EC, Jacobsen A, Schultz N, et al.: An epidemiologic and genomic investigation into the obesity paradox in renal cell carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 105, 1862–1870, 2013. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djt310
  • Ko K, Park YH, Lee JW, Ku JH, Kwak C, et al.: Influence of nutritional deficiency on prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). BJU Int 112, 775–780, 2013. doi: 10.1111/bju.12275
  • Morgan TM, Tang D, Stratton KL, Barocas DA, Anderson CB, et al.: Preoperative nutritional status is an important predictor of survival in patients undergoing surgery for renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol 59, 923–928, 2011. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2011.01.034
  • Gregg JR, Cookson MS, Phillips S, Salem S, Chang SS, et al.: Effect of preoperative nutritional deficiency on mortality after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. J Urol 185, 90–96, 2011. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2010.09.021
  • Wessels G, Hesseling PB, Van Ommeren KH, and Boonstra V: Nutrition, morbidity, and survival in South African children with Wilms' tumor. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 16, 321–327, 1999.
  • Aust S, Knogler T, Pils D, Obermayr E, Reinthaller A, et al.: Skeletal muscle depletion and markers for cancer Cachexia are strong prognostic factors in Epithelial ovarian cancer. PLoS One 10, e0140403, 2015. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140403
  • Torres ML, Hartmann LC, Cliby WA, Kalli KR, Young PM, et al.: Nutritional status, CT body composition measures and survival in ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 129, 548–553, 2013. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.03.003
  • Kathiresan AS, Brookfield KF, Schuman SI, and Lucci JA, 3rd: Malnutrition as a predictor of poor postoperative outcomes in gynecologic cancer patients. Arch Gynecol Obstet 284, 445–451, 2011. doi: 10.1007/s00404-010-1659-y
  • Asher V, Lee J, and Bali A: Preoperative serum albumin is an independent prognostic predictor of survival in ovarian cancer. Med Oncol 29, 2005–2009, 2012. doi: 10.1007/s12032-011-0019-5
  • Gupta D, Lis CG, Vashi PG, and Lammersfeld CA: Impact of improved nutritional status on survival in ovarian cancer. Support Care Cancer 18, 373–381, 2010. doi: 10.1007/s00520-009-0670-y
  • Yang Z, Zhang B, Hou L, Xie Y, and Cao X: Pre-operative prognostic nutritional index predicts the outcomes for triple-negative breast cancer. Tumour Biol 35, 12165–12171, 2014. doi: 10.1007/s13277-014-2524-6
  • Coates RJ, Clark WS, Eley JW, Greenberg RS, Huguley CM, Jr., et al.: Race, nutritional status, and survival from breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 82, 1684–1692, 1990.
  • Jain M, and Miller AB: Tumor characteristics and survival of breast cancer patients in relation to premorbid diet and body size. Breast Cancer Res Treat 42, 43–55, 1997.
  • Gupta D, Trukova K, Popiel B, Lammersfeld C, and Vashi PG: The association between pre-treatment serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and survival in newly diagnosed stage IV prostate cancer. PLoS One 10, e0119690, 2015. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119690
  • Kripp M, Willer A, Schmidt C, Pilz LR, Gencer D, et al.: Patients with malignant hematological disorders treated on a palliative care unit: prognostic impact of clinical factors. Ann Hematol 93, 317–325, 2014. doi: 10.1007/s00277-013-1861-7
  • Urbain P, Birlinger J, Ihorst G, Biesalski HK, Finke J, et al.: Body mass index and bioelectrical impedance phase angle as potentially modifiable nutritional markers are independent risk factors for outcome in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Ann Hematol 92, 111–119, 2013. doi: 10.1007/s00277-012-1573-4
  • Hoffmeister PA, Storer BE, Macris PC, Carpenter PA, and Baker KS: Relationship of body mass index and arm anthropometry to outcomes after pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for hematologic malignancies. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 19, 1081–1086, 2013. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2013.04.017
  • White M, Murphy AJ, Hallahan A, Ware RS, Fraser C, et al.: Survival in overweight and underweight children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Eur J Clin Nutr 66, 1120–1123, 2012. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2012.109
  • Weir J, Reilly JJ, McColl JH, and Gibson BE: No evidence for an effect of nutritional status at diagnosis on prognosis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 20, 534–538, 1998.
  • Viana MB, Murao M, Ramos G, Oliveira HM, de Carvalho RI, et al.: Malnutrition as a prognostic factor in lymphoblastic leukaemia: a multivariate analysis. Arch Dis Child 71, 304–310, 1994.
  • Reilly JJ, Odame I, McColl JH, McAllister PJ, Gibson BE, et al.: Does weight for height have prognostic significance in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia? Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 16, 225–230, 1994.
  • Lobato-Mendizabal E, Lopez-Martinez B, and Ruiz-Arguelles GJ: A critical review of the prognostic value of the nutritional status at diagnosis in the outcome of therapy of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Rev Invest Clin 55, 31–35, 2003.
  • Lobato-Mendizabal E, Ruiz-Arguelles GJ, and Marin-Lopez A: Leukaemia and nutrition. I: malnutrition is an adverse prognostic factor in the outcome of treatment of patients with standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Leuk Res 13, 899–906, 1989.
  • Khan AU, Sheikh MU, and Intekhab K: Effect of hypoproteinemia on treatment outcome in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 18, 53–56, 2006.
  • Aviles A, Yanez J, Lopez T, Garcia EL, Guzman R, et al.: Malnutrition as an adverse prognostic factor in patients with diffuse large cell lymphoma. Arch Med Res 26, 31–34, 1995.
  • Park S, Han B, Cho JW, Woo SY, Kim S, et al.: Effect of nutritional status on survival outcome of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients treated with rituximab-CHOP. Nutr Cancer 66, 225–233, 2014. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2014.867065
  • Chen KL, Liu YH, Li WY, Chen J, Gu YK, et al.: The prognostic nutritional index predicts survival for patients with extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma, nasal type. Ann Hematol 94, 1389–1400, 2015. doi: 10.1007/s00277-015-2361-8
  • Pologeorgis G, Agnantis N, and Economou G: Prognostic factors of gastric non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of the adult. Eur J Surg Oncol 19, 549–559, 1993.
  • Han S, Huang Y, Li Z, Hou H, and Wu A: The prognostic role of preoperative serum albumin levels in glioblastoma patients. BMC Cancer 15, 108, 2015. doi: 10.1186/s12885-015-1125-0
  • Small AG, Thwe le M, Byrne JA, Lau L, Chan A, et al.: Neuroblastoma, body mass index, and survival: a retrospective analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 94, e713, 2015. doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000000713

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.