Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and nutritional status are clinically useful in predicting prognosis in colorectal cancer patients

References

• Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2017. CA Cancer J Clin. 2017;67(1):7–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards BK, Ward E, Kohler BA, Eheman C, Zauber AG, Anderson RN, Jemal A, Schymura MJ, Lansdorp-Vogelaar I, Seeff LC. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975–2006, featuring colorectal cancer trends and impact of interventions (risk factors, screening, and treatment) to reduce future rates. Cancer. 2010;116(3):544–573.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogelaar I, van Ballegooijen M, Schrag D, Boer R, Winawer SJ, Habbema JDF, Zauber AG. How much can current interventions reduce colorectal cancer mortality in the U.S.? Mortality projections for scenarios of risk-factor modification, screening, and treatment. Cancer. 2006;107(7):1624–1633.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Stefano A, Moretto R, Bucci L, Pepe S, Romano FJ, Cella AC, Attademo L, Rosanova M, De Falco S, Fiore G, et al. Adjuvant treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer patients after preoperative chemoradiotherapy: when and for whom? Clin Colorectal Cancer. 2014;13(3):185–191. doi: 10.1016/j.clcc.2014.05.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papamichael D, Audisio RA, Glimelius B, de Gramont A, Glynne-Jones R, Haller D, Kohne C-H, Rostoft S, Lemmens V, Mitry E, et al. Treatment of colorectal cancer in older patients: International Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG) consensus recommendations 2013. Ann Oncol. 2015;26(3):463–476. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdu253.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fedewa SA, Ahnen DJ, Meester RGS, et al. Colorectal cancer statistics, 2017. CA Cancer J Clin. 2017;67(3):177–193. doi: 10.3322/caac.21395.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coussens LM, Werb Z. Inflammation and cancer. Nature. 2002;420(6917):860–867.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunn GP, Bruce AT, Ikeda H, Old LJ, Schreiber RD. Cancer immunoediting: from immunosurveillance to tumor escape. Nat Immunol. 2002;3(11):991–998.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gu L, Ma X, Li H, Chen L, Xie Y, Zhao C, Luo G, Zhang X. Prognostic value of preoperative response biomarkers in patients with sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma and the establishment of a nomogram. Sci Rep. 2016;6(1):23846. doi: 10.1038/srep23846.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pine JK, Morris E, Hutchins GG, West NP, Jayne DG, Quirke P, Prasad KR. Systemic neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in colorectal cancer: the relationship to patient survival, tumour biology and local lymphocytic response to tumour. Br J Cancer. 2015;113(2):204–211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Passardi A, Scarpi E, Cavanna L, Dall’Agata M, Tassinari D, Leo S, Bernardini I, Gelsomino F, Tamberi S, Brandes AA, et al. Inflammatory indexes as predictors of prognosis and bevacizumab efficacy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Oncotarget. 2016;7(22):33210–33219. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.8901.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mantovani A, Allavena P, Sica A. Balkwill F. Cancer-related inflammation. Nature. 2008;454:436–444.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta D, Lis CG. Pretreatment serum albumin as a predictor of cancer survival: a systematic review of the epidemiological literature. Nutr J. 2010;9(1):69. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-9-69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMillan DC. Systemic inflammation, nutritional status and survival in patients with cancer. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2009;12(3):223–226. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e32832a7902.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hefler LA, Concin N, Hofstetter G, Marth C, Mustea A, Sehouli J, Zeillinger R, Leipold H, Lass H, Grimm C, et al. Serum C-reactive protein as independent prognostic variable in patients with ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2008;14(3):710–714. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-1044.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang D, Yang J-X, Cao D-Y, Wan X-R, Feng F-Z, Huang H-F, Shen K, Xiang Y. Preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte and platelet-lymphocyte ratios as independent predictors of cervical stromal involvement in surgically treated endometrioid adenocarcinoma. OncoTargets Ther. 2013;6:211–216. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S41711.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai PL, Su WJ, Leung WH, Lai CT, Liu CK. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and CEA level as prognostic and predictive factors in colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Can Res Ther. 2016;12(2):582–589.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang HB, Xing M, Ma LN, Feng LX, Yu Z. Prognostic significance of neutrophil-lymphocyteratio/platelet-lymphocyteratioin lung cancers: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget. 2016;7(47):76769–76778. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.12526.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimitriou N, Felekouras E, Karavokyros I, Alexandrou A, Pikoulis E, Griniatsos J. Neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio as a useful prognosticator for stage II colorectal cancer patients. BMC Cancer. 2018;18(1):1202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haram A, Boland MR, Kelly ME, Bolger JC, Waldron RM, Kerin MJ. The prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in colorectal cancer: a systematic review. J Surg Oncol. 2017;115(4):470–479.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohan M, John JE. Nutritional status of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients undergoing conventional cancer therapies. IOSR-JNHS. 2013;3(1):31–36. e-ISSN: 2320–1959. p-ISSN: 2320–1940.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell PT, Newton CC, Dehal AN, Jacobs EJ, Patel AV, Gapstur SM. Impact of body mass index on survival after colorectal cancer diagnosis: the cancer prevention study-II nutrition cohort. JCO. 2012;30(1):42–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell PT, Newton CC, Newcomb PA, Phipps AI, Ahnen DJ, Baron JA, Buchanan DD, Casey G, Cleary SP, Cotterchio M, et al. Association between body mass index and mortality for colorectal cancer survivors: overall and by tumor molecular phenotype. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 2015;24(8):1229–1238. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyerhardt JA, Niedzwiecki D, Hollis D, Saltz LB, Mayer RJ, Nelson H, Whittom R, Hantel A, Thomas J, Fuchs CS, et al. Impact of body mass index and weight change after treatment on cancer recurrence and survival in patients with stage III colon cancer: findings from cancer and leukemia group B 89803. JCO. 2008;26(25):4109–4115. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2007.15.6687.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyerhardt JA, Kroenke CH, Prado CM, Kwan ML, Castillo A, Weltzien E, Cespedes Feliciano EM, Xiao J, Caan BJ. Association of weight change after colorectal cancer diagnosis and outcomes in the kaiser permanente Northern California population. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 2017;26(1):30–37. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baade PD, Meng X, Youl PH, Aitken JF, Dunn J, Chambers SK. The impact of body mass index and physical activity on mortality among patients with colorectal cancer in Queensland, Australia. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 2011;20(7):1410–1420. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vergidis J, Gresham G, Lim HJ, Renouf DJ, Kennecke HF, Ruan JY, Chang JT, Cheung WY. Impact of weight changes after the diagnosis of stage III colon cancer on survival outcomes. Clin Colorectal Cancer. 2016;15(1):16–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liesenfeld DB, Grapov D, Fahrmann JF, Salou M, Scherer D, Toth R, Habermann N, Böhm J, Schrotz-King P, Gigic B, et al. Metabolomics and transcriptomics identify pathway differences between visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in colorectal cancer patients: the colocare study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;102(2):433–443.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tisdale MJ. Cancer cachexia. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2010;26(2):146–151. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0b013e3283347e77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan CS, Read JA, Phan VH, Beale PJ, Peat JK, Clarke SJ. The relationship between nutritional status, inflammatory markers and survival in patients with advanced cancer: a prospective cohort study. Support Care Cancer. 2015;23(2):385–391. doi: 10.1007/s00520-014-2385-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mcmillan DC. The systemic inflammation-based glasgow prognostic score: a decade of experience in patients with cancer. Cancer Treat Rev. 2013;39(5):534–540. doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2012.08.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koh YW, Choi J-H, Ahn MS, Choi YW, Lee HW. Baseline neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio is associated with baseline and subsequent presence of brain metastases in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Sci Rep. 2016;6(1):38585. doi: 10.1038/srep38585.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rachidi S, Wallace K, Wrangle JM, Day TA, Alberg AJ, Li Z. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and overall survival in all sites of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck. 2016;38(S1):E1068–E1074. doi: 10.1002/hed.24159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (Switzerland). Obesity—Presenting and managing the global epidemic: report of a WHO consultation. Geneva: WHO; 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Blackburn GL, Bistrian BR, Maini BS, Schlamm HT, Smith MF. Nutritional and metabolic assessment of the hospitalized patient. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1977;1(1):11–32.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S. Applied logistic regression, 2nd ed. New York: Wiley; 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Moghaddam AA, Woodward M, Huxley R. Obesity and risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of 31 studies with 70,000 events. Cancer Epidemiol Prev Biomark. 2007;16(12):2533–2547.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalantar-Zadeh K, Horwich TB, Oreopoulos A, Kovesdy CP, Younessi H, Anker SD, Morley JE. Risk factor paradox in wasting diseases. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2007;10(4):433–442.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalb M, Langheinrich MC, Merkel S, Krautz C, Brunner M. Influence of body mass index on long-term outcome in patients with rectal cancer—a single centre experience. Cancers. 2019;11(5):609. Published online 2019 Apr 30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hines RB, Shanmugam C, Waterbor JW, McGwin G, Funkhouser E, Coffey CS, Posey J, Manne U. Effect of comorbidity and body mass index on the survival of African-American and Caucasian patients with colon cancer. Cancer. 2009;115(24):5798–5806. doi: 10.1002/cncr.24598.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu S, Liu J, Wang X, Li M, Gan Y, Tang Y. Association of obesity and overweight with overall survival in colorectal cancer patients: a meta-analysis of 29 studies. Cancer Causes Control. 2014;25(11):1489–1502. doi: 10.1007/s10552-014-0450-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kocarnik JM, Hua X, Hardikar S, Robinson J, Lindor NM, Win AK, Hopper JL, Figueiredo JC, Potter JD, Campbell PT, et al. Long-term weight loss after colorectal cancer diagnosis is associated with lower survival: the colon cancer family registry. Cancer. 2017;123(23):4701–4708. doi: 10.1002/cncr.30932.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walter V, Jansen L, Hoffmeister M, Ulrich A, Roth W, Bläker H, Chang-Claude J, Brenner H. Prognostic relevance of prediagnostic weight loss and overweight at diagnosis in patients with colorectal cancer. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;104(4):1110–1120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azvolinsky A. Cancer prognosis: role of BMI and fat tissue. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2014;106(6):177 doi: 10.1093/jnci/dju177.
   Google Scholar
• Renehan AG. The ‘obesity paradox’ and survival after colorectal cancer: true or false? Cancer Causes Control. 2014;25:1419–1422. doi: 10.1007/s10552-014-0436-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothman KJ. BMI-related errors in the measurement of obesity. Int J Obes. 2008;32(S3):S56–S59. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2008.87.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karastergiou K, Smith SR, Greenberg AS, Fried SK. Sex differences in human adipose tissues—the biology of pear shape. Biol Sex Differ. 2012;3(1):13. doi: 10.1186/2042-6410-3-13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thoresen L, Frykholm G, Lydersen S, Ulveland H, Baracos V, Prado CMM, Birdsell L, Falkmer U. Nutritional status, cachexia and survival in patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma. Different assessment criteria for nutritional status provide unequal results. Clin Nutr. 2013;32(1):65–72. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2012.05.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uratani R, Toiyama Y, Shimura T, Mori K, Fujikawa H, et al. Preoperative lower body mass index correlates with poorer prognosis in patients undergoing curative laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer. Anticancer Res. 2015;35(10):5639–5648.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bachmann J, Müller T, Schröder A, Riediger C, Feith M, Reim D, Friess H, Martignoni ME. Influence of an elevated nutrition risk score (NRS) on survival in patients following gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Med Oncol. 2015;32(7):204. doi: 10.1007/s12032-015-0631-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Read JA, Choy ST, Beale PJ, Clarke SJ. Evaluation of nutritional and inflammatory status of advanced colorectal cancer patients and its correlation with survival. Nutr Cancer. 2006;55(1):78–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cederholm T, Barazzoni R, Austin P, Ballmer P, Biolo G, Bischoff SC, Compher C, Correia I, Higashiguchi T, Holst M, et al. ESPEN guidelines on definitions and terminology of clinical nutrition. Clin Nutr. 2017;36(1):49–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amano K, Maeda I, Morita T, Baba M, Miura T, Hama T, Mori I, Nakajima N, Nishi T, Sakurai H, et al. C‐reactive protein, symptoms and activity of daily living in patients with advanced cancer receiving palliative care. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2017;8(3):457–465.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner N, Wong H-L, Templeton A, Tripathy S, Whiti Rogers T, Croxford M, Jones I, Sinnathamby M, Desai J, Tie J, et al. Analysis of local chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate combined with systemic inflammation improves prognostication in stage II colon cancer independent of standard clinicopathologic criteria. Int J Cancer. 2016;138(3):671–678. doi: 10.1002/ijc.29805.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Absenger G, Szkandera J, Pichler M, Stotz M, Arminger F, Weissmueller M, Schaberl-Moser R, Samonigg H, Stojakovic T, Gerger A, et al. A derived neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio predicts clinical outcome in stage II and III colon cancer patients. Br J Cancer. 2013;109(2):395–400. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2013.346.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim JH, Lee JY, Kim HK, Lee JW, Jung SG, Jung K, Kim SE, Moon W, Park MI, Park SJ, et al. Prognostic significance of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with stage III and IV colorectal cancer. WJG. 2017;23(3):505–515. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i3.505.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruz RM, del Puerto NL, Zheng B, López-Bajo R, Cebrian A, et al. Prognostic significance of neutrophil-to lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to lymphocyte ratio in older patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Geriatr Oncol. 2018;10(5):742–748. doi: 10.1016/j.jgo.2018.10.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karin M. Nuclear factor-kappaB in cancer development and progression. Nature. 2006;441(7092):431–436.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar