424
Views
28
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Overview of Morin and Its Complementary Role as an Adjuvant for Anticancer Agents

, , &
Pages 927-942 | Received 10 Dec 2019, Accepted 28 May 2020, Published online: 12 Jun 2020

References

  • Fouad YA, Aanei C. Revisiting the hallmarks of cancer. Am J Cancer Res. 2017;7(5):1016–1036.
  • Kannappan R, Gupta SC, Kim JH, Aggarwal BB. Tocotrienols fight cancer by targeting multiple cell signaling pathways. Genes Nutr. 2012;7(1):43–52. doi:10.1007/s12263-011-0220-3
  • Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2018. CA: Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(1):7–30. doi:10.3322/caac.21442
  • Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(6):394–424. doi:10.3322/caac.21492
  • International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Latest global cancer data, 2018. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2018.
  • Sanchez-Vega F, Mina M, Armenia J, Chatila WK, Luna A, La KC, Dimitriadoy S, Liu DL, Kantheti HS, Saghafinia S, et al. Oncogenic signaling pathways in the cancer genome atlas. Cell. 2018;173(2):321–37.e10. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.035
  • Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell. 2011;144(5):646–74. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.013
  • Anand P, Kunnumakkara AB, Newman R. a, Aggarwal BB. Bioavailability of curcumin: problems and promises. Mol Pharm. 2007;4(6):807–18. doi:10.1021/mp700113r
  • Duffy R, Wade C, Chang R. Discovery of anticancer drugs from antimalarial natural products: a MEDLINE literature review. Drug Discov Today. 2012;17(17–18):942–53. doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2012.03.013
  • Rasouli H, Farzaei MH, Khodarahmi R. Polyphenols and their benefits: a review. Int J Food Prop. 2017:20(Sup 2):1700-1741.. doi:10.1080/10942912.2017.1354017
  • Afzal M, Safer AM, Menon M. Green tea polyphenols and their potential role in health and disease. Inflammopharmacology. 2015;23(4):151–61. doi:10.1007/s10787-015-0236-1
  • Li A-N, Li S, Zhang Y-J, Xu X-R, Chen Y-M, Li H-B. Resources and biological activities of natural polyphenols. Nutrients. 2014;6(12):6020–47. doi:10.3390/nu6126020
  • Tomás-Barberán FA, Andrés-Lacueva C. Polyphenols and health: Current state and progress. J Agric Food Chem. 2012;60(36):8773–5. doi:10.1021/jf300671j
  • Thirugnanasambantham P, Viswanathan S, Ramaswamy S, Krishnamurty V, Mythirayee C, Kameswaran L. Analgesic activity of certain flavone derivatives: a structure-activity study. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 1993;20(1):59–63. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1993.tb01503.x
  • Saminathan M, Rai RB, Dhama K, Tiwari R, Chakrabort S, A, Ranganath GJ, Kannan K. Systematic review on anticancer potential and other health beneficial pharmacological activities of novel medicinal plant Morin da citrifolia (Noni). Int J Pharmacol. 2013;9(8):462–92. doi:10.3923/ijp.2013
  • Gravina HD, Tafuri NF, Silva Júnior A, Fietto JLR, Oliveira TT, Diaz MAN, Almeida MR. In vitro assessment of the antiviral potential of trans-cinnamic acid, quercetin and morin against equid herpesvirus 1. Res Vet Sci. 2011;91(3):e158–62. doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.11.010
  • Lemkul JA, Bevan DR. Morin inhibits the early stages of amyloid β-peptide aggregation by altering tertiary and quaternary interactions to produce “off-pathway” structures. Biochemistry. 2012;51(30):5990–6009. doi:10.1021/bi300113x
  • Yu Z, Fong WP, Cheng C. The dual actions of morin (3,5,7,2',4'-pentahydroxyflavone) as a hypouricemic agent: uricosuric effect and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006;316(1):169–75. doi:10.1124/jpet.105.092684
  • Dixon M, Woodrick J, Gupta S, Karmahapatra SK, Devito S, Vasudevan S, Dakshanamurthy S, Adhikari S, Yenugonda VM, Roy R, et al. Naturally occurring polyphenol, morin hydrate, inhibits enzymatic activity of N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase, a DNA repair enzyme with various roles in human disease. Bioorg Med Chem. 2015;23(5):1102–11. doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2014.12.067
  • Abuohashish HM, Al-Rejaie SS, Al-Hosaini K. a, Parmar MY, Ahmed MM. Alleviating effects of morin against experimentally-induced diabetic osteopenia. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2013;5(1):5doi:10.1186/1758-5996-5-5
  • Venu Gopal J. Morin Hydrate: Botanical origin, pharmacological activity and its applications: A mini-review. Pharmacogn J. 2013;5(3):123–6. doi:10.1016/j.phcgj.2013.04.006
  • Caselli A, Cirri P, Santi A, Paoli P. Morin: a promising natural drug. Curr Med Chem. 2016;23(8):774–91. doi:10.2174/0929867323666160106150821
  • Pandey MM, Rastogi S, Rawat A. Indian traditional ayurvedic system of medicine and nutritional supplementation. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:376327. doi:10.1155/2013/376327
  • Xie M-X, Long M, Liu Y, Qin C, Wang YD. Characterization of the interaction between human serum albumin and morin. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006;1760(8):1184–91. doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2006.03.026
  • Merwid-La̧D A, Trocha M, Chlebda E, Sozański T, Magdalan J, et al. Effects of morin-5′-sulfonic acid sodium salt (NaMSA) on cyclophosphamide-induced changes in oxido-redox state in rat liver and kidney. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2012;31(8):812-19. doi:10.1177/0960327111431090
  • Calvaresi EC, Hergenrother PJ. Glucose conjugation for the specific targeting and treatment of cancer. Chem Sci. 2013;4(6):2319. doi:10.1039/c3sc22205e
  • Choudhury A, Chakraborty I, Banerjee TS, Vana DR, Adapa D. Efficacy of morin as a potential therapeutic phytocomponent: insights into the mechanism of action. Int J Med Res Health Sci. 2017;6(11):175–194.
  • Fang S-H, Hou Y-C, Chang W-C, Hsiu S-L, Chao P-DL, Chiang B-L. Morin sulfates/glucuronides exert anti-inflammatory activity on activated macrophages and decreased the incidence of septic shock. Life Sci. 2003;74(6):743–56. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2003.07.017
  • Waddad AY, Abbad S, Yu F, Munyendo WLL, Wang J, Lv H, Zhou J. Formulation, characterization and pharmacokinetics of Morin hydrate niosomes prepared from various non-ionic surfactants. Int J Pharm. 2013;456(2):446–58. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.08.040
  • Sahu K, Shaharyar M, Siddiqui AA. Effect of Morin on pharmacokinetics of Piracetam in rats, in vitro enzyme kinetics and metabolic stability assay using rapid UPLC method. Drug Test Anal. 2013;5(7):581–8. doi:10.1002/dta.1382
  • Liou GY, Storz P. Reactive oxygen species in cancer. Free Radic Res. 2010;44(5):479–96. doi:10.3109/10715761003667554
  • Kumari S, Badana AK, Murali Mohan G, Shailender G, Malla RR. Reactive oxygen species: a key constituent in cancer survival. Biomarker Insights. 2018;13:1177271918755391. 1 doi:10.1177/:117727191875539
  • Galadari S, Rahman A, Pallichankandy S, Thayyullathil F. Reactive oxygen species and cancer paradox: To promote or to suppress?. Free Radic Biol Med. 2017;104:144–64. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.004
  • Valko M, Leibfritz D, Moncol J, Cronin MTD, Mazur M. Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2007;6(11):175-194. doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2006.07.001
  • Sciacovelli M, Frezza C. Oncometabolites: unconventional triggers of oncogenic signalling cascades. Free Radic Biol Med. 2016;100:175–81. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.025
  • Kanakis CD, Nafisi S, Rajabi M, Shadaloi A, Tarantilis PA, Polissiou MG, Bariyanga J, Tajmir-Riahi HA. Structural analysis of DNA and RNA interactions with antioxidant flavonoids. Spectroscopy. 2009;23(1):29–43. doi:10.3233/SPE-2009-0368
  • Kim JM, Lee EK, Park G, Kim MK, Yokozawa T, Yu BP, Chung HY. Morin modulates the oxidative stress-induced NF-kappaB pathway through its anti-oxidant activity. Free Radic Res. 2010;44(4):454–61. doi:10.3109/10715761003610737
  • Rajendran M, Manisankar P, Gandhidasan R, Murugesan R. Free radicals scavenging efficiency of a few naturally occurring flavonoids: a comparative study. J Agric Food Chem. 2004;52(24):7389–94. doi:10.1021/jf0400718
  • Makris DP, Rossiter JT. An investigation on structural aspects influencing product formation in enzymic and chemical oxidation of quercetin and related flavonols. Food Chem. 2002;77(2):177–85. doi:10.1016/S0308-8146(01)00333-8
  • Zeng LH, Fung KP, Wu TW. Morin hydrate protects cultured rat glomerular mesangial cells against oxyradical damage. Life Sci. 1994;55(18):PL351–PL357. doi:10.1016/0024-3205(94)00760-8
  • Wu TW, Zeng LH, Wu J, Fung KP. Morin: a wood pigment that protects three types of human cells in the cardiovascular system against oxyradical damage. Biochem Pharmacol. 1994;47(6):1099–103. doi:10.1016/0006-2952(94)90424-3
  • Zeng LH, Rootman DS, Burnstein A, Wu J, Wu TW. Morin hydrate: A better protector than purpurogallin of corneal endothelial cell damage induced by xanthine oxidase and SIN-1. Curr Eye Res. 1998;17(2):149–52. doi:10.1076/ceyr.17.2.149.5600
  • Gottlieb M, Leal-Campanario R, Campos-Esparza MR, Sánchez-Gómez MV, Alberdi E, Arranz A, Delgado-García JM, Gruart A, Matute C. Neuroprotection by two polyphenols following excitotoxicity and experimental ischemia. Neurobiol Dis. 2006;23(2):374–86. doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2006.03.017
  • Sreedharan V, Venkatachalam KK, Namasivayam N. Effect of morin on tissue lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine induced experimental colon carcinogenesis. Invest New Drugs. 2009;27(1):21–30. doi:10.1007/s10637-008-9136-1
  • Carneiro CD, Amorim JC, Cadena SMSC, Noleto GR, Di Mascio P, Rocha MEM, Martinez GR. Effect of flavonoids on 2’-deoxyguanosine and DNA oxidation caused by singlet molecular oxygen. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010;48(8–9):2380–7. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2010.05.075
  • Kuo HM, Chang LS, Lin YL, Lu HF, Yang JS. Morin inhibits the growth of human leukemia HL-60 cells via cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis through mitochondria dependent pathway. Anticancer Res. 2007;27(1A):395–405.
  • Sivaramakrishnan V, Devaraj SN. Morin fosters apoptosis in experimental hepatocellular carcinogenesis model. Chem Biol Interact. 2010;183(2):284–92. doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2009.11.011
  • Hsiang C-Y, Wu S-L, Ho T-Y. Morin inhibits 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced hepatocellular transformation via activator protein 1 signaling pathway and cell cycle progression. Biochem Pharmacol. 2005;69(11):1603–11. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2005.03.008
  • Brown J, O'Prey J, Harrison PR. Enhanced sensitivity of human oral tumours to the flavonol, morin, during cancer progression: involvement of the Akt and stress kinase pathways. Carcinogenesis. 2003;24(2):171–7. doi:10.1093/carcin/24.2.171
  • Sivaramakrishnan V, Niranjali Devaraj S. Morin regulates the expression of NF-κB-p65, COX-2 and matrix metalloproteinases in diethylnitrosamine induced rat hepatocellular carcinoma. Chem Biol Interact. 2009;180(3):353–9. doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2009.02.004
  • Tanaka T, Kawabata K, Kakumoto M, Makita H, Ushida J, Honjo S, Hara A, Tsuda H, Mori H. Modifying effects of a flavonoid morin on azoxymethane-induced large bowel tumorigenesis in rats. Carcinogenesis. 1999;20(8):1477–84. doi:10.1093/carcin/20.8.1477
  • Kawabata K, Tanaka T, Honjo S, Kakumoto M, Hara A, Makita H, Tatematsu N, Ushida J, Tsuda H, Mori H. Chemopreventive effect of dietary flavonoid morin on chemically induced rat tongue carcinogenesis. Int J Cancer. 1999;83(3):381–6. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19991029)83:3 < 381::AID-IJC14 > 3.0.CO;2-X
  • Nandhakumar R, Salini K, Niranjali Devaraj S. Morin augments anticarcinogenic and antiproliferative efficacy against 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)-anthracene induced experimental mammary carcinogenesis. Mol Cell Biochem. 2012;364(1-2):79–92. doi:10.1007/s11010-011-1207-5
  • MadanKumar P, NaveenKumar P, Manikandan S, Devaraj H, NiranjaliDevaraj S. Morin ameliorates chemically induced liver fibrosis in vivo and inhibits stellate cell proliferation in vitro by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2014;277(2):210–20. doi:10.1016/j.taap.2014.03.008
  • Kuo H-M, Chang L-S, Lin Y-L, Lu H-F, Yang J-S, Lee J-H, Chung J-G. Morin inhibits the growth of human leukemia HL-60 cells via cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis through mitochondria dependent pathway. Anticancer Res. 2007;27(1A):395–405.
  • Park C, Lee WS, Go S-I, Nagappan A, Han MH, Hong SH, Kim GS, Kim GY, Kwon TK, Ryu CH, et al. Morin, a flavonoid from moraceae, induces apoptosis by induction of BAD protein in human leukemic cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2014;16(1):645–59. doi:10.3390/ijms16010645
  • Manna SK, Aggarwal RS, Sethi G, Aggarwal BB, Ramesh GT. Morin (3,5,7,2',4'-Pentahydroxyflavone) abolishes nuclear factor-kappaB activation induced by various carcinogens and inflammatory stimuli, leading to suppression of nuclear factor-kappaB-regulated gene expression and up-regulation of apoptosis. Clin Cancer Res. 2007;13(7):2290–7. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-2394
  • García-Lafuente A, Guillamón E, Villares A, Rostagno MA, Martínez JA. Flavonoids as anti-inflammatory agents: implications in cancer and cardiovascular disease. Inflamm Res. 2009;58(9):537–52. doi:10.1007/s00011-009-0037-3
  • MadanKumar P, NaveenKumar P, Devaraj H, Niranjali Devaraj S. Morin, a dietary flavonoid, exhibits anti-fibrotic effect and induces apoptosis of activated hepatic stellate cells by suppressing canonical NF-κB signaling. Biochimie. 2015;110:107–18. doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2015.01.002
  • Yuan CH, Filippova M, Tungteakkhun SS, Duerksen-Hughes PJ, Krstenansky JL. Small molecule inhibitors of the HPV16-E6 interaction with caspase 8. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2012;22(5):2125-2129. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.12.145
  • Gallus J, Juvale K, Wiese M. Characterization of 3-methoxy flavones for their interaction with ABCG2 as suggested by ATPase activity. Biochim et Biophys Acta - Biomembr. 2014;1838(11):2929-2938. doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.08.003
  • Hyun H-B, Lee WS, Go S-I, Nagappan A, Park C, Han MH, Hong SH, Kim G, Kim GY, Cheong J, et al. The flavonoid morin from Moraceae induces apoptosis by modulation of Bcl-2 family members and Fas receptor in HCT 116 cells. Int J Oncol. 2015;46(6):2670–8. doi:10.3892/ijo.2015.2967
  • Gupta SC, Phromnoi K, Aggarwal BB. Morin inhibits STAT3 tyrosine 705 phosphorylation in tumor cells through activation of protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP1. Biochem Pharmacol. 2013;85(7):898–912. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2012.12.018
  • Chen W-P, Wang Y-L, Tang J-L, Hu P-F, Bao J-P, Wu L-D. Morin inhibits interleukin-1β-induced nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 production in human chondrocytes. Int Immunopharmacol. 2012;12(2):447–52. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2011.12.024
  • Sinha K, Sadhukhan P, Saha S, Pal PB, Sil PC. Morin protects gastric mucosa from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, indomethacin induced inflammatory damage and apoptosis by modulating NF-κB pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015;1850(4):769–83. doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.01.008
  • Kempuraj D, Madhappan B, Christodoulou S, Boucher W, Cao J, Papadopoulou N, Cetrulo CL, Theoharides TC. Flavonols inhibit proinflammatory mediator release, intracellular calcium ion levels and protein kinase C theta phosphorylation in human mast cells. 2005;145:934–44. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706246
  • Palchaudhuri R, Hergenrother PJ. DNA as a target for anticancer compounds : methods to determine the mode of binding and the mechanism of action. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2007;18(6):497–503. doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2007.09.006
  • Jamali AA, Tavakoli A, Ezzati Nazhad Dolatabadi J. Analytical overview of DNA interaction with Morin and its metal complexes. Eur Food Res Technol. 2012;235(3):367–73. doi:10.1007/s00217-012-1778-8
  • Kang J, Li Z, Lu X. Electrochemical study on the behavior of Morin and its interaction with DNA. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2006;40(5):1166–71. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2005.08.030
  • Webb MR, Ebeler SE. Comparative analysis of topoisomerase IB inhibition and DNA intercalation by flavonoids and similar compounds: structural determinates of activity. Biochem J. 2004;384(Pt 3):527–41. doi:10.1042/BJ20040474
  • Nafisi S, Shadaloi A, Feizbakhsh A, Tajmir-Riahi HA. RNA binding to antioxidant flavonoids. J Photochem Photobiol B, Biol. 2009;94(1):1–7. doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2008.08.001
  • Li HW, Bin ZT, Jia Q, Xia EQ, Cao WJ, et al. Anticancer effects of morin-7-sulphate sodium, a flavonoid derivative, in mouse melanoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother. 2016;84:909–916. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.001
  • Sell S, Becker F, Leffert H, Osborn K, Salman J, et al. Alphafetoprotein as a marker for early events and carcinoma development during chemical hepatocarcinogenesis. In: Milman HA, Sell S, editors. Application of biological markers to carcinogen testing. Boston (MA): Springer US; 1983. p. 271–93. doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-3790-4
  • Zimmer R, Thomas P. Mutations in the carcinoembryonic antigen gene in colorectal cancer patients: implications on liver metastasis. Cancer Res. 2001;61(7):2822–6. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jjco.a038674
  • Becker FF, Sell S. Differences in serum alpha-fetoprotein concentrations during the carcinogenic sequences resulting from exposure to diethylnitrosamine or acetylaminofluorene. Cancer Res. 1979;39(5):1437–42.
  • Sivaramakrishnan V, Shilpa PNM, Praveen Kumar VR, Niranjali Devaraj S. Attenuation of N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatocellular carcinogenesis by a novel flavonol-Morin. Chem Biol Interact. 2008;171(1):79–88. doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2007.09.003
  • Kumar VK, Vennila S, Nalini N. Inhibitory effect of morin on DMH-induced biochemical changes and aberrant crypt foci formation in experimental colon carcinogenesis. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2010;29(1):50–7. doi:10.1016/j.etap.2009.09.006
  • Karthik V, Vennila S, Nalini N. Modifying effects of morin on the development of aberrant crypt foci and bacterial enzymes in experimental colon cancer. Food Chem Toxicol. 2009;47(2):309–15. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2008.11.017
  • Wang J, Wu GS. Role of autophagy in cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells. J Biol Chem. 2014;289(24):17163–73. doi:10.1074/jbc.M114.558288
  • Borst P, Rottenberg S, Jonkers J. How do real tumors become resistant to cisplatin? Cell Cycle. 2008;7(10):1353–9. doi:10.4161/cc.7.10.5930
  • Yang SH, Choi HG, Lim SJ, Lee MG, Kim SH. Effects of morin on the pharmacokinetics of etoposide in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary tumors in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Oncol Rep. 2013;29(3):1215–23. doi:10.3892/or.2012.2201
  • Kuzu M, Kandemir FM, Yildirim S, Kucukler S, Caglayan C, Turk E. Morin attenuates doxorubicin-induced heart and brain damage by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018;106:443–453. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.161
  • Kuzu M, Yıldırım S, Kandemir FM, Küçükler S, Çağlayan C, Türk E, Dörtbudak MB. Protective effect of morin on doxorubicin-induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats. Chem Biol Interact. 2019;308:89–100. doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2019.05.017
  • Khadhim HA, Khudhair A-MH. The ameliorative effect of morin against methotrexate – Induced hepatotoxicity and some physiological and biochemical in male rats. Plant Arch. 2018;18(2):1503–11.
  • Merwid-Ląd A, Ksiądzyna D, Hałoń A, Chlebda-Sieragowska E, Trocha M, Szandruk M, Sozański T, Magdalan J, Kopacz M, Kuźniar A, et al. Impact of morin-5′-sulfonic acid sodium salt on cyclophosphamide-induced gastrointestinal toxicity in rats. Pharmacol Rep. 2015;67(6):1259–63. doi:10.1016/j.pharep.2015.05.020
  • Bieg D, Sypniewski D, Nowak E, Bednarek I. Morin decreases galectin-3 expression and sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2018;298(6):1181–94. doi:10.1007/s00404-018-4912-4
  • Singh MP, Cho HJ, Kim JT, Baek KE, Lee HG, et al. Morin hydrate reverses cisplatin resistance by impairing parp1/hmgb1-dependent autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancers. 2019;11(7):986. doi:10.3390/cancers11070986
  • Li B, Jin X, Meng H, Hu B, Zhang T, Yu J, Chen S, Guo X, Wang W, Jiang W, et al. Morin promotes prostate cancer cells chemosensitivity to paclitaxel through miR-155/GATA3 axis. Oncotarget. 2017;8(29):47849–60. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.18133
  • Shin SC, Piao YJ, Choi JS. Effects of morin on the bioavailability of tamoxifen and its main metabolite, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, in rats. In Vivo. 2008;22(3):391–5.
  • Kok LD, Wong YP, Wu TW, Chan HC, Kwok TT, Fung KP. Morin hydrate: a potential antioxidant in minimizing the free-radicals-mediated damage to cardiovascular cells by anti-tumor drugs. Life Sci. 2000;67(1):91–9. doi:10.1016/s0024-3205(00)00605-6
  • KV A, Madhana RM, Kasala ER, Samudrala PK, Lahkar M, Gogoi R. Morin hydrate mitigates cisplatin-induced renal and hepatic injury by impeding oxidative/nitrosative stress and inflammation in mice. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2016;30(12):571–9. doi:10.1002/jbt.21817

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.