References
- Wood DE, Kazerooni EA, Baum SL, Eapen GA, Ettinger DS, Hou L, Jackman DM, Klippenstein D, Kumar R, Lackner RP, et al. Lung Cancer Screening, Version 3.2018, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2018;16(4):412–41. doi:https://doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2018.0020
- Malhotra J, Malvezzi M, Negri E, La Vecchia C, Boffetta P. Risk factors for lung cancer worldwide. Eur Respir J. 2016;48(3):889–902. doi:https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00359-2016
- Zappa C, Mousa SA. Non-small cell lung cancer: current treatment and future advances. Transl Lung Cancer Res. 2016;5(3):288–300. doi:https://doi.org/10.21037/tlcr.2016.06.07
- Blandin KS, Crosbie PA, Balata H, Chudziak J, Hussell T, Dive C. Progress and prospects of early detection in lung cancer. Open Biol. 2017;7(9):170070. doi:https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.170070
- Maarouf M, Kromenacker BW, Brucks ES, Hendricks A, Shi VY. Reducing unpleasant side effects of topical 5-Fluorouracil treatment for actinic keratosis: a randomized controlled trial. J Dermatolog Treat. 2019;31(2):1–5.
- Wang W, Zhao L, Wei X, Wang L, Liu S, Yang Y, Wang F, Sun G, Zhang J, Ma Y, et al. MicroRNA-320a promotes 5-FU resistance in human pancreatic cancer cells. Sci Rep. 2016;6:27641 doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/srep27641
- Silva BVD, Barreira JCM, Oliveira MBPP. Natural phytochemicals and probiotics as bioactive ingredients for functional foods: extraction, biochemistry and protected-delivery technologies. Trends Food Sci Technol. 2016;50:144–58.
- Li Y, Feng X, Yu X, Wang Y, Liu Y, Ye X, Jia R, Chen W, Yu T, Zheng X, et al. Radix Tetrastigma flavonoids inhibit the migration and promote the apoptosis of A549 cells both in vitro and in vivo. J Funct Foods. 2020;72:104076. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2020.104076
- Li Y, Feng X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Yu X, Jia R, Yu T, Zheng X, Chu Q. Dietary flavone from the Tetrastigma hemsleyanum vine triggers human lung adenocarcinoma apoptosis via autophagy. Food Funct. 2020;11(11):9776–88. doi:https://doi.org/10.1039/d0fo01997f
- Li Y, Li X, Chu Q, Jia R, Chen W, Wang Y, Yu X, Zheng X. Russula alutacea Fr. polysaccharide ameliorates inflammation in both RAW264.7 and zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. Int J Biol Macromol. 2020;145:740–9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.218
- Chu Q, Jia R, Chen W, Liu Y, Li Y, Ye X, Jiang Y, Zheng X. Purified Tetrastigma hemsleyanum vines polysaccharide attenuates EC-induced toxicity in Caco-2 cells and Caenorhabditis elegans via DAF-16/FOXO pathway. Int J Biol Macromol. 2020;150:1192–202. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.128
- Li Y, Chu Q, Liu Y, Ye X, Jiang Y, Zheng X. Radix Tetrastigma flavonoid ameliorates inflammation and prolongs the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans through JNK, p38 and Nrf2 pathways. Free Radic Res. 2019;53(5):562–73. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10715762.2019.1613534
- Sun Y, Tsao R, Chen F, Li H, Peng H, Jiang L, Chen Y, Deng Z. The phenolic profiles of Radix Tetrastigma after solid phase extraction (SPE) and their antitumor effects and antioxidant activities in H22 tumor-bearing mice. Food Funct. 2017;8(11):4014–27. doi:https://doi.org/10.1039/c7fo00769h
- Chu Q, Chen W, Jia R, Ye X, Li Y, Liu Y, Jiang Y, Zheng X. Tetrastigma hemsleyanum leaves extract against acrylamide-induced toxicity in HepG2 cells and Caenorhabditis elegans. J Hazard Mater. 2020;393:122364 doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122364
- Chu Q, Jia R, Chen M, Li Y, Yu X, Wang Y, Chen W, Ye X, Liu Y, Jiang Y, et al. Tetrastigma hemsleyanum tubers polysaccharide ameliorates LPS-induced inflammation in macrophages and Caenorhabditis elegans. Int J Biol Macromol. 2019;141:611–21. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.039
- Chu Q, Li Y, Hua Z, Wang Y, Yu X, Jia R, Chen W, Zheng X. Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Vine Flavone Ameliorates Glutamic Acid-Induced Neurotoxicity via MAPK Pathways. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020;2020:7509612 doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7509612
- Peng X, Zhang YY, Wang J, Ji Q. Ethylacetate extract from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial caspase-dependent intrinsic pathway in HepG2 cells. Tumour Biol. 2016;37(1):865–76. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-015-3579-8
- Wu X, Yu N, Zhang Y, Ye Y, Sun W, Ye L, Wu H, Yang Z, Wu L, Wang F. Radix Tetrastigma hemsleyani flavone exhibits antitumor activity in colorectal cancer via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Onco Targets Ther. 2018;11:6437–46. doi:https://doi.org/10.2147/OTT.S172048
- Xiong Y, Wu X, Rao L. Tetrastigma hemsleyanum (Sanyeqing) root tuber extracts induces apoptosis in human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015;165:46–53. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.02.030
- Zhong LR, Chen X, Wei KM. Radix tetrastigma hemsleyani flavone induces apoptosis in human lung carcinoma a549 cells by modulating the MAPK pathway. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2013;14(10):5983–7. doi:https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.10.5983
- Li Y, Jiang Y, Chu Q, Zheng X. Radix Tetrastigma extract from different origins protect RAW264.7 macrophages against LPS-induced inflammation. J Food Sci. 2020;85(5):1586–95. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.15113
- Kruger NJ. The Bradford method for protein quantitation. Methods Mol Biol. 1994;32:9–15. doi:https://doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-268-X:9
- Doi E, Shibata D, Matoba T. Modified colorimetric ninhydrin methods for peptidase assay. Anal Biochem. 1981;118(1):173–84. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(81)90175-5
- Sanguinetti E, Guzzardi MA, Panetta D, Tripodi M, De Sena V, Quaglierini M, Burchielli S, Salvadori PA, Iozzo P. Combined Effect of Fatty Diet and Cognitive Decline on Brain Metabolism, Food Intake, Body Weight, and Counteraction by Intranasal Insulin Therapy in 3 × Tg Mice. Front Cell Neurosci. 2019;13:188 doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2019.00188
- Lin K, Cao Y, Zheng D, Li Q, Liu H, Yu P, Li J, Xue Y, Wu M. Facile phase transfer of hydrophobic Fe3O4@Cu2-xS nanoparticles by red blood cell membrane for MRI and phototherapy in the second near-infrared window. J Mater Chem B. 2020;8(6):1202–11. doi:https://doi.org/10.1039/c9tb02766a
- Wen ZS, Tang Z, Gu LX, Xiang XW, Qu YL. Immunomodulatory effect of low molecular-weight seleno-aminopolysaccharide on immunosuppressive mice. Int J Biol Macromol. 2019;123:1278–88. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.099
- Feldman AT, Wolfe D. Tissue processing and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Methods Mol Biol. 2014;1180:31–43. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1050-2_3
- Krajewska M, Krajewski S, Epstein JI, Shabaik A, Sauvageot J, Song K, Kitada S, Reed JC. Immunohistochemical analysis of bcl-2, bax, bcl-X, and mcl-1 expression in prostate cancers. Am J Pathol. 1996;148(5):1567–76.
- Delbridge AR, Grabow S, Strasser A, Vaux DL. Thirty years of BCL-2: translating cell death discoveries into novel cancer therapies. Nat Rev Cancer. 2016;16(2):99–109. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc.2015.17
- Miller KD, Nogueira L, Mariotto AB, Rowland JH, Yabroff KR, Alfano CM, Jemal A, Kramer JL, Siegel RL. Cancer treatment and survivorship statistics, 2019. CA A Cancer J Clin. 2019;69(5):363–85. doi:https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21565
- Ganaie MA, Khan TH, Siddiqui NA, Ansari MN. Ameliorative effect of methanol extract of Rumex vesicarius on CCl4-induced liver damage in Wistar albino rats. Pharm Biol. 2015;53(8):1163–7. doi:https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2014.967782
- Sledge DG, Webster J, Kiupel M. Canine cutaneous mast cell tumors: A combined clinical and pathologic approach to diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment selection. Vet J. 2016;215:43–54. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.06.003
- Ishida T, Kaneko S, Akazawa K, Tateishi M, Sugio K, Sugimachi K. PROLIFERATING cell nuclear antigen expression and argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions as factors influencing prognosis of surgically treated lung-cancer patients. Cancer Res. 1993;53(20):5000–3.
- Chen WJ, He DS, Tang RX, Ren FH, Chen G. Ki-67 is a valuable prognostic factor in gliomas: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2015;16(2):411–20. doi:https://doi.org/10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.2.411
- Melling N, Kowitz CM, Simon R, Bokemeyer C, Terracciano L, Sauter G, Izbicki JR, Marx AH. High Ki67 expression is an independent good prognostic marker in colorectal cancer. J Clin Pathol. 2016;69(3):209–14. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2015-202985
- Shen S, Liu M, Li T, Lin S, Mo R. Recent progress in nanomedicine-based combination cancer therapy using a site-specific co-delivery strategy. Biomater Sci. 2017;5(8):1367–81. doi:https://doi.org/10.1039/c7bm00297a
- Jorgens K, Stoll SJ, Pohl J, Fleming TH, Sticht C, Nawroth PP, Hammes HP, Kroll J. High tissue glucose alters intersomitic blood vessels in zebrafish via methylglyoxal targeting the VEGF receptor signaling cascade. Diabetes. 2015;64(1):213–25.
- Engbrecht BW, Menon C, Kachur AV, Hahn SM, Fraker DL. Photofrin-mediated photodynamic therapy induces vascular occlusion and apoptosis in a human sarcoma xenograft model. Cancer Res. 1999;59(17):4334–42.
- Boatright KM, Salvesen GS. Mechanisms of caspase activation. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2003;15(6):725–31. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2003.10.009
- Budihardjo I, Oliver H, Lutter M, Luo X, Wang X. Biochemical pathways of caspase activation during apoptosis. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 1999;15:269–90. doi:https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cellbio.15.1.269
- Porter AG, Janicke RU. Emerging roles of caspase-3 in apoptosis. Cell Death Differ. 1999;6(2):99–104. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.cdd.4400476
- Bojes HK, Feng X, Kehrer JP, Cohen GM. Apoptosis in hematopoietic cells (FL5.12) caused by interleukin-3 withdrawal: relationship to caspase activity and the loss of glutathione. Cell Death Differ. 1999;6(1):61–70. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.cdd.4400452
- Chao DT, Korsmeyer SJ. BCL-2 family: regulators of cell death. Ann Rev Immunol. 1998;16:395–419. doi:https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.16.1.395
- Ichim G, Tait SW. A fate worse than death: apoptosis as an oncogenic process. Nat Rev Cancer. 2016;16(8):539–48. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc.2016.58
- Morishita H, Mizushima N. Diverse cellular roles of autophagy. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2019;35:453–75. doi:https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125300
- Amaravadi RK, Kimmelman AC, Debnath J. Targeting Autophagy in Cancer: Recent Advances and Future Directions. Cancer Discov. 2019;9(9):1167–81. doi:https://doi.org/10.1158/2159-8290.CD-19-0292
- Buhrmann C, Kunnumakkara AB, Popper B, Majeed M, Aggarwal BB, Shakibaei M. Calebin A Potentiates the Effect of 5-FU and TNF-beta (Lymphotoxin alpha) against Human Colorectal Cancer Cells: Potential Role of NF-kappaB. IJMS. 2020;21(7):2393).
- Ahn KS, Sethi G, Jain AK, Jaiswal AK, Aggarwal BB. Genetic deletion of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 abrogates activation of nuclear factor-kappaB, IkappaBalpha kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, Akt, p38, and p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinases and potentiates apoptosis. J Biol Chem. 2006;281(29):19798–808. doi:https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M601162200
- Taniguchi K, Karin M. NF-κB, inflammation, immunity and cancer: coming of age. Nat Rev Immunol. 2018;18(5):309–24. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/nri.2017.142
- Khan H, Ullah H, Castilho P, Gomila AS, D'Onofrio G, Filosa R, Wang F, Nabavi SM, Daglia M, Silva AS, et al. Targeting NF-κB signaling pathway in cancer by dietary polyphenols. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2020;60(16):2790–800. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2019.1661827
- Kunnumakkara AB, Shabnam B, Girisa S, Harsha C, Banik K, Devi TB, Choudhury R, Sahu H, Parama D, Sailo BL, et al. Inflammation, NF-κB, and Chronic Diseases: How are They Linked? Crit Rev Immunol. 2020;40(1):1–39. doi:https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevImmunol.2020033210
- Siveen KS, Mustafa N, Li F, Kannaiyan R, Ahn KS, Kumar AP, Chng WJ, Sethi G. Thymoquinone overcomes chemoresistance and enhances the anticancer effects of bortezomib through abrogation of NF-kappaB regulated gene products in multiple myeloma xenograft mouse model. Oncotarget. 2014;5(3):634–48. doi:https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.1596
- Raman V, Fuentes LJ, Stashenko EE, Levy M, Levy MM, Camarillo IG. Lippia origanoides extract induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and suppresses NF-κB signaling in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Int J Oncol. 2017;51(6):1801–8. doi:https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2017.4169
- Lin Z, Chen L, Qiu Q, Guo S. Isolation and identification of antiproliferative compounds from the roots of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum against MDA-MB-435S cell lines. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2016;29(4):1171–5.
- Kandaswami C, Lee LT, Lee PP, Hwang JJ, Ke FC, Huang YT, Lee MT. The antitumor activities of flavonoids. In Vivo. 2005;19(5):895–909.
- Cardenas M, Marder M, Blank VC, Roguin LP. Antitumor activity of some natural flavonoids and synthetic derivatives on various human and murine cancer cell lines. Bioorg Med Chem. 2006;14(9):2966–71.