References
- Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(6):394–424. doi:https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21492
- Stewart BW, Wild CP. World cancer report 2014. World Heal. Organ. 2014;1–2.
- Wieldraaijer T, Bruin P, Duineveld LAM, Tanis PJ, Smits AB, van Weert HCPM, Wind J. Clinical pattern of recurrent disease during the follow-up of rectal carcinoma. Dig Surg. 2018;35(1):35–41. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000464358
- Ryuk JP, Choi G-S, Park JS, Kim HJ, Park SY, Yoon GS, Jun SH, Kwon YC. Predictive factors and the prognosis of recurrence of colorectal cancer within 2 years after curative resection. Ann Surg Treat Res. 2014;86(3):143. doi:https://doi.org/10.4174/astr.2014.86.3.143
- Benson AB. New approaches to the adjuvant therapy of colon cancer. Oncologist. 2006;11(9):973–80. doi:https://doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.11-9-973
- Longley DB, Harkin DP, Johnston PG. 5-Fluorouracil: mechanisms of action and clinical strategies. Nat Rev Cancer. 2003;3(5):330–8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc1074
- Mehmood RK. Review of cisplatin and oxaliplatin in current immunogenic and monoclonal antibodies perspective. Oncol. Rev. 2014;8(2):36–43. doi:https://doi.org/10.4081/oncol.2014.256
- Ahmed FE. Effect of diet, life style, and other environmental/chemopreventive factors on colorectal cancer development, and assessment of the risks. J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev. 2004;22(2):91–147. doi:https://doi.org/10.1081/LESC-200038263
- Alexander DD, Cushing CA. Red meat and colorectal cancer: a critical summary of prospective epidemiologic studies. Obes Rev. 2011;12(5):e472–e493. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2010.00785.x
- Figueiredo JC, Hsu L, Hutter CM, Lin Y, Campbell PT, Baron JA, Berndt SI, Jiao S, Casey G, Fortini B, GECCO, et al. Genome-wide diet-gene interaction analyses for risk of colorectal cancer. PLoS Genet. 2014;10(4):e1004228. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1004228
- Teiten M-H, Gaascht F, Dicato M, Diederich M. Targeting the wingless signaling pathway with natural compounds as chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agents. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2012;13(1):245–54. doi:https://doi.org/10.2174/138920112798868593
- Gh DY, Dflyq V, Ochoa-Hernández AB, Juárez-Vázquez CI, Rosales-Reynoso MA, Barros-Núñez P. La vía de señalización Wnt/B-catenina y su relación con cáncer. Cir. Cir. 2012;80(4):389–98.
- Pai SG, Carneiro BA, Mota JM, Costa R, Leite CA, Barroso-Sousa R, Kaplan JB, Chae YK, Giles FJ. Wnt/beta-catenin pathway: modulating anticancer immune response. J Hematol Oncol. May 2017;10(1):101 doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-017-0471-6
- Cheng X, Xu X, Chen D, Zhao F, Wang W. Therapeutic potential of targeting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in colorectal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother. 2019;110:473–81. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.082
- Farin HF, Jordens I, Mosa MH, Basak O, Korving J, Tauriello DVF, de Punder K, Angers S, Peters PJ, Maurice MM, et al. Visualization of a short-range Wnt gradient in the intestinal stem-cell niche. Nature. 2016;530(7590):340–3. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16937
- Kuhnert F, Davis CR, Wang H-T, Chu P, Lee M, Yuan J, Nusse R, Kuo CJ. Essential requirement for Wnt signaling in proliferation of adult small intestine and colon revealed by adenoviral expression of Dickkopf-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2004;101(1):266–71. doi:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2536800100
- Maureen Spit MMM, Koo B-K, Spit M, Koo B-K. Tales from the crypt: intestinal niche signals in tissue renewal, plasticity and cancer. Open Biol. 2018;8(9):180120. doi:https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob
- Stewart BW, Wild C. International Agency for Research on Cancer, and World Health Organization, World cancer report 2014.
- Schneikert J, Behrens J. The canonical Wnt signalling pathway and its APC partner in colon cancer development. Gut. 2007;56(3):417–25. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2006.093310
- Lee S-K, Hwang J-H, Choi K-Y. Interaction of the Wnt/β-catenin and RAS-ERK pathways involving co-stabilization of both β-catenin and RAS plays important roles in the colorectal tumorigenesis. Adv Biol Regul. 2018. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbior.2018.01.001
- Suraweera N, Robinson J, Volikos E, Guenther T, Talbot I, Tomlinson I, Silver A. Mutations within Wnt pathway genes in sporadic colorectal cancers and cell lines. Int J Cancer. 2006;119(8):1837–42. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.22046
- Baldus SE, Mönig SP, Huxel S, Landsberg S, Hanisch F-G, Engelmann K, Schneider PM, Thiele J, Hölscher AH, Dienes HP, et al. MUC1 and nuclear beta-catenin are coexpressed at the invasion front of colorectal carcinomas and are both correlated with tumor prognosis . Clin Cancer Res. 2004;10(8):2790–6. doi:https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-03-0163
- Sparks AB, Morin PJ, Vogelstein B, Kinzler3 KW. Mutational analysis of the APC//3-Catenin/Tcf pathway in colorectal cancer. 1998;58(6):1130–4.
- Ying Y, Tao Q. Epigenetic disruption of the WNT/ß-catenin signaling pathway in human cancers. Epigenetics. 2009;4(5):307–12. doi:https://doi.org/10.4161/epi.4.5.9371
- Elbadawy M, Usui T, Yamawaki H, Sasaki K. Emerging roles of C-Myc in cancer stem cell-related signaling and resistance to cancer chemotherapy: a potential therapeutic target against colorectal cancer. IJMS. 2019;20(9):2340. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20092340
- Yang AD, Fan F, Camp ER, van Buren G, Liu W, Somcio R, Gray MJ, Cheng H, Hoff PM, Ellis LM, et al. Chronic oxaliplatin resistance induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer cell lines. Clin Cancer Res. 2006;12(14):4147–53., Jul. doi:https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-0038
- Hope C, et al. Low concentrations of resveratrol inhibit Wnt signal throughput in colon-derived cells: implications for colon cancer prevention. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2008;52(Suppl 1): S52–S61. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200700448
- Jeong JB, Lee J, Lee SH. TCF4 is a molecular target of resveratrol in the prevention of colorectal cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 2015;16(5):10411–25. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms160510411
- Chen H-J, Hsu L-S, Shia Y-T, Lin M-W, Lin C-M. The β-catenin/TCF complex as a novel target of resveratrol in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol. 2012;84(9):1143–53. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2012.08.011
- Ji Q, Liu X, Fu X, Zhang L, Sui H, Zhou L, Sun J, Cai J, Qin J, Ren J, et al. Resveratrol inhibits invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells via MALAT1 mediated Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway. PLoS One. 2013;8(11):e78700. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078700
- Liu Y-Z, Wu K, Huang J, Liu Y, Wang X, Meng Z-J, Yuan S-X, Wang D-X, Luo J-Y, Zuo G-W, et al. The PTEN/PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways are involved in the inhibitory effect of resveratrol on human colon cancer cell proliferation. Int J Oncol. 2014;45(1):104–12. doi:https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2014.2392
- Holcombe RF, Martinez M, Planutis K, Planutiene M. Effects of a grape-supplemented diet on proliferation and Wnt signaling in the colonic mucosa are greatest for those over age 50 and with high arginine consumption. Nutr J. 2015;14(1):62. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-015-0050-z
- Wang D, Wise ML, Li F, Dey M. Phytochemicals attenuating aberrant activation of β-catenin in cancer cells. PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e50508. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050508
- Oh S, Gwak J, Park S, Yang CS. Green tea polyphenol EGCG suppresses Wnt/β-catenin signaling by promoting GSK-3β- and PP2A-independent β-catenin phosphorylation/degradation. Biofactors. 2014;40(6):586–95. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/biof.1185
- Chen Y, Wang X-Q, Zhang Q, Zhu J-Y, Li Y, Xie C-F, Li X-T, Wu J-S, Geng S-S, Zhong C-Y, et al. (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits colorectal cancer stem cells by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Nutrients. 2017;9(6):572., Jun. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9060572
- Sur S, Pal D, Mandal S, Roy A, Panda CK. Tea polyphenols epigallocatechin gallete and theaflavin restrict mouse liver carcinogenesis through modulation of self-renewal Wnt and hedgehog pathways. J Nutr Biochem. 2016;27:32–42. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.08.016
- Zhang Z, Chen H, Xu C, Song L, Huang L, Lai Y, Wang Y, Chen H, Gu D, Ren L, et al. Curcumin inhibits tumor epithelial‑mesenchymal transition by downregulating the Wnt signaling pathway and upregulating NKD2 expression in colon cancer cells. Oncol Rep.2016;35(5):2615–23. doi:https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4669
- Dou H, Shen R, Tao J, Huang L, Shi H, Chen H, Wang Y, Wang T. Curcumin suppresses the colon cancer proliferation by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin pathways via miR-130a. Front Pharmacol. 2017;8:1–9. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00877
- Le TT, Kim D. Folate-PEG/Hyd-curcumin/C18-g-PSI micelles for site specific delivery of curcumin to colon cancer cells via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2019;101:464–71. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2019.03.100
- Shan B-E, Wang M-X, Li R. Quercetin Inhibit Human SW480 Colon Cancer Growth in Association with Inhibition of Cyclin D1 and survivin expression through Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway . Cancer Invest. 2009;27(6):604–12. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/07357900802337191
- Park CH, Chang JY, Hahm ER, Park S, Kim H-K, Yang CH. Quercetin, a potent inhibitor against beta-catenin/Tcf signaling in SW480 colon cancer cells . Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005;328(1):227–34. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.12.151
- Raja SB, Rajendiran V, Kasinathan NK, P A, Venkatabalasubramanian S, Murali MR, Devaraj H, Devaraj SN. Differential cytotoxic activity of Quercetin on colonic cancer cells depends on ROS generation through COX-2 expression. Food Chem Toxicol. 2017;106(Pt A):92–106. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2017.05.006
- Sangeetha N, Aranganathan S, Panneerselvam J, Shanthi P, Rama G, Nalini N. Oral supplementation of silibinin prevents colon carcinogenesis in a long term preclinical model. Eur J Pharmacol. 2010;643(1):93–100. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.05.060
- Ravichandran K, Velmurugan B, Gu M, Singh RP, Agarwal R. Inhibitory effect of silibinin against azoxymethane-induced colon tumorigenesis in A/J mice. Clin Cancer Res. 2010;16(18):4595–606. doi:https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-1213
- Kaur M, Velmurugan B, Tyagi A, Agarwal C, Singh RP, Agarwal R. Silibinin suppresses growth of human colorectal carcinoma SW480 cells in culture and xenograft through down-regulation of beta-catenin-dependent signaling. Neoplasia. 2010;12(5):415–24. doi:https://doi.org/10.1593/neo.10188
- Zhang Y, Chen H. Genistein attenuates WNT signaling by up-regulating sFRP2 in a human colon cancer cell line. Exp Biol Med (Maywood)). 2011;236(6):714–22. doi:https://doi.org/10.1258/ebm.2011.010347
- Wang H, Li Q, Chen H. Genistein affects histone modifications on Dickkopf-Related Protein 1 (DKK1) gene in SW480 human colon cancer cell line. PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e40955. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0040955
- Zhu J, Ren J, Tang L. Genistein inhibits invasion and migration of colon cancer cells by recovering WIF1 expression. Mol Med Rep. 2018;17(5):7265–73. Mar. doi:https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.8760
- Zhang Y, Li Q, Zhou D, Chen H. Genistein, a soya isoflavone, prevents azoxymethane-induced up-regulation of WNT/β-catenin signalling and reduces colon pre-neoplasia in rats. Br J Nutr. 2013;109(1):33–42. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114512000876
- Pintova S, Planutis K, Planutiene M, Holcombe RF. ME-143 is superior to genistein in suppression of WNT signaling in colon cancer cells. Anticancer Res. 2017;37(4):1647–53. Apr. doi:https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.11495
- Ballesteros-Vivas D, Álvarez-Rivera G, Morantes SJ, Sánchez-Camargo ADP, Ibáñez E, Parada-Alfonso F, Cifuentes A. An integrated approach for the valorization of mango seed kernel: Efficient extraction solvent selection, phytochemical profiling and antiproliferative activity assessment. Food Res Int. 2019;126:108616. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108616
- Du Plessis-Stoman D, Du Preez JGH, van de Venter M. Combination treatment with oxaliplatin and mangiferin causes increased apoptosis and downregulation of NFκB in cancer cell lines. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2011;8(2):177–84. doi:https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v8i2.63206
- Lauricella M, Lo Galbo V, Cernigliaro C, Maggio A, Palumbo Piccionello A, Calvaruso G, Carlisi D, Emanuele S, Giuliano M, D’Anneo A, et al. The anti-cancer effect of Mangifera indica L. peel extract is associated to γH2Ax-mediated apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Antioxidants. 2019;8(10):422. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8100422
- Yoshimi N, Matsunaga K, Katayama M, Yamada Y, Kuno T, Qiao Z, Hara A, Yamahara J, Mori H. The inhibitory effects of mangiferin, a naturally occurring glucosylxanthone, in bowel carcinogenesis of male F344 rats. Cancer Lett. 2001;163(2):163–70. Feb. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3835(00)00678-9
- Li H, Huang J, Yang B, Xiang T, Yin X, Peng W, Cheng W, Wan J, Luo F, Li H, et al. Mangiferin exerts antitumor activity in breast cancer cells by regulating matrix metalloproteinases, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and β-catenin signaling pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2013;272(1):180–90. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2013.05.011
- Tan H-Y, Wang N, Li S, Hong M, Guo W, Man K, Cheng C-S, Chen Z, Feng Y. Repression of WT1-Mediated LEF1 Transcription by Mangiferin Governs β-Catenin-Independent Wnt Signalling Inactivation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2018;47(5):1819–34. Jul. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000491063
- Tripathi V, Singh A, Ashraf MT. Avenanthramides of oats: Medicinal importance and future perspectives. Phcog Rev. 2018;12(23):66. doi:https://doi.org/10.4103/phrev.phrev_34_17
- Guo W, Nie L, Wu D, Wise ML, Collins FW, Meydani SN, Meydani M. Avenanthramides Inhibit Proliferation of Human Colon Cancer Cell Lines In Vitro. Nutr Cancer. 2010;62(8):1007–16. Nov. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2010.492090
- Zhu J, Jiang Y, Yang X, Wang S, Xie C, Li X, Li Y, Chen Y, Wang X, Meng Y, et al. Wnt/β-catenin pathway mediates (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) inhibition of lung cancer stem cells . Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2017;482(1):15–21.,doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.038
- Yang C, Du W, Yang D. Inhibition of green tea polyphenol EGCG((-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate) on the proliferation of gastric cancer cells by suppressing canonical wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway . Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2016;67(7):818–27. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09637486.2016.1198892
- Srivastava NS, Srivastava RAK. Curcumin and quercetin synergistically inhibit cancer cell proliferation in multiple cancer cells and modulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling and apoptotic pathways in A375 cells. Phytomedicine. 2019;52:117–28. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.224
- Aguilera O, Fraga MF, Ballestar E, Paz MF, Herranz M, Espada J, García JM, Muñoz A, Esteller M, González-Sancho JM, et al. Epigenetic inactivation of the Wnt antagonist DICKKOPF-1 (DKK-1) gene in human colorectal cancer. Oncogene. 2006;25(29):4116–21. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1209439
- Sánchez-Vega F, Gotea V, Chen Y-C, Elnitski L. CpG island methylator phenotype in adenocarcinomas from the digestive tract: methods, conclusions, and controversies. World J Gastrointest Oncol. 2017;9(3):105–20. doi:https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v9.i3.105
- Du S, Liu H, Lei T, Xie X, Wang H, He X, Tong R, Wang Y. Mangiferin: An effective therapeutic agent against several disorders (Review). Mol Med Rep. 2018;18(6):4775–86. doi:https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.9529
- Gold-Smith F, Fernandez A, Bishop K. Mangiferin and cancer: mechanisms of action. Nutrients. 2016;8(7):396. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8070
- Kuipers EJ, Grady WM, Lieberman D, Seufferlein T, Sung JJ, Boelens PG, van de Velde CJH, Watanabe T. Colorectal cancer. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2015;1:15065. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2015.65
- Cao H, Xu E, Liu H, Wan L, Lai M. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer metastasis: a system review. Pathol Res Pract. 2015;211(8):557–69. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prp.2015.05.010
- Gloushankova NA, Zhitnyak IY, Rubtsova SN. Role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in tumor progression. Biochemistry (Mosc)). 2018;83(12):1469–76. doi:https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297918120052
- Vincan E, Barker N. The upstream components of the Wnt signalling pathway in the dynamic EMT and MET associated with colorectal cancer progression. Clin Exp Metastasis. 2008;25(6):657–63. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10585-008-9156-4
- Yuan S, Tao F, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Sun X, Wu D. Role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the chemoresistance modulation of colorectal cancer. Biomed Res. Int. 2020;2020:1–9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9390878
- Ben-Ze’ev A, Basu S, Haase G. Wnt signaling in cancer stem cells and colon cancer metastasis. F1000Research, vol. 5. Faculty of 1000 Ltd, 2016. doi:https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.7579.1
- Oxidative stress-based cytotoxicity of delphinidin and cyanidin in colon cancer cells. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2010;501(1):151–7. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ABB.2010.05.019
- Shin DY, Lu JN, Kim G-Y, Jung JM, Kang HS, Lee WS, Choi YH. Anti-invasive activities of anthocyanins through modulation of tight junctions and suppression of matrix metalloproteinase activities in HCT-116 human colon carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep. 2011;25(2):567–72. doi:https://doi.org/10.3892/OR.2010.1104
- Ji Q, Liu X, Han Z, Zhou L, Sui H, Yan L, Jiang H, Ren J, Cai J, Li Q, et al. Resveratrol suppresses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer through TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway mediated Snail/E-cadherin expression. BMC Cancer. 2015;15(1):97. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-015-1119-y
- Buhrmann C, Yazdi M, Popper B, Kunnumakkara AB, Aggarwal BB, Shakibaei M. Induction of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of human colorectal cancer by human TNF-β (Lymphotoxin) and its reversal by resveratrol. Nutrients. 2019;11(3):704. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11030
- Yuan L, Zhou M, Huang D, Wasan HS, Zhang K, Sun L, Huang H, Ma S, Shen M, Ruan S, et al. Resveratrol inhibits the invasion and metastasis of colon cancer through reversal of epithelial‑ mesenchymal transition via the AKT/GSK‑3β/Snail signaling pathway . Mol Med Rep. 2019;20(3):2783–95., Sep. doi:https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2019.10528
- Buhrmann C, Shayan P, Goel A, Shakibaei M. Resveratrol regulates colorectal cancer cell invasion by modulation of focal adhesion molecules. Nutrients. 2017;9(10):1073. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9101073
- Xu Y, Xu G, Liu L, Xu D, Liu J. Anti-invasion effect of rosmarinic acid via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and oxidation-reduction pathway in Ls174-T cells. J Cell Biochem. 2010;111(2):370–9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.22708
- Larsen CA, Dashwood RH. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits Met signaling, proliferation, and invasiveness in human colon cancer cells. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2010;501(1):52–7. Sep. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2010.03.017
- Kang NJ, Lee KW, Kim BH, Bode AM, Lee H-J, Heo Y-S, Boardman L, Limburg P, Lee HJ, Dong Z, et al. Coffee phenolic phytochemicals suppress colon cancer metastasis by targeting MEK and TOPK. Carcinogenesis. 2011;32(6):921–8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgr022
- Xu M, Wang S, Song Y, Yao J, Huang K, Zhu X. Apigenin suppresses colorectal cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion via inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Oncol Lett. 2016;11(5):3075–80. doi:https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.4331
- Ashokkumar P, Sudhandiran G. Luteolin inhibits cell proliferation during Azoxymethane-induced experimental colon carcinogenesis via Wnt/ β-catenin pathway . Invest New Drugs. 2011;29(2):273–84. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10637-009-9359-9
- Pandurangan AK, Dharmalingam P, Sadagopan SKA, Ramar M, Munusamy A, Ganapasam S. Luteolin induces growth arrest in colon cancer cells through involvement of Wnt/β-catenin/gsk-3β signaling. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol. 2013;32(2):131–9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1615/JEnvironPatholToxicolOncol.2013007522
- Caltagirone S, Rossi C, Poggi A, Ranelletti FO, Natali PG, Brunetti M, Aiello FB, Piantelli M. Flavonoids apigenin and quercetin inhibit melanoma growth and metastatic potential. Int J Cancer. 2000;87(4):595–600. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0215(20000815)87:4 < 595::AID-IJC21 > 3.0.CO;2-5
- Attoub S, Hassan AH, Vanhoecke B, Iratni R, Takahashi T, Gaben A-M, Bracke M, Awad S, John A, Kamalboor HA, et al. Inhibition of cell survival, invasion, tumor growth and histone deacetylase activity by the dietary flavonoid luteolin in human epithelioid cancer cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 2011;651(1-3):18–25. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.10.063
- Nguyen AV, et al. Results of a phase I pilot clinical trial examining the effect of plant-derived resveratrol and grape powder on Wnt pathway target gene expression in colonic mucosa and colon cancer. Cancer Manag. Res. 2009;1:25–37. doi:https://doi.org/10.2147/CMAR.S4544
- Pintova S, Dharmupari S, Moshier E, Zubizarreta N, Ang C, Holcombe RF. Genistein combined with FOLFOX or FOLFOX-Bevacizumab for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: phase I/II pilot study . Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2019;84(3):591–8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00280-019-03886-3
- Wu D, Pan W. GSK3: a multifaceted kinase in Wnt signaling. Trends Biochem Sci. 2010;35(3):161–8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibs.2009.10.002