References
- Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(6):394–424. doi:https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21492
- Sun X, Su S, Chen C, Han F, Zhao C, Xiao W, Deng X, Huang S, Lin C, Lu T, et al. Long-term outcomes of intensity-modulated radiotherapy for 868 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: an analysis of survival and treatment toxicities. Radiotherapy and Oncol. 2014;110(3):398–403. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2013.10.020
- Lee N, Harris J, Garden AS, Straube W, Glisson B, Xia P, Bosch W, Morrison WH, Quivey J, Thorstad W, et al. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: radiation therapy oncology group phase II trial 0225. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(22):3684–90. doi:https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2008.19.9109
- Hong J-S, Wu L-H, Su L, Zhang H-R, Lv W-L, Zhang W-J, Tian J. Effect of chemoradiotherapy on nutrition status of patients with nasopharyngeal cancer. Nutrition and Cancer. 2016;68(1):63–9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2016.1115099
- Oates JE, Clark JR, Read J, Reeves N, Gao K, Jackson M, Boyer M, O’Brien CJ. Prospective evaluation of quality of life and nutrition before and after treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007;133(6):533–40. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/archotol.133.6.533
- Li G, Jiang XY, Qiu B, Shen LJ, Chen C, Xia YF. Vicious circle of acute radiation toxicities and weight loss predicts poor prognosis for nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients receiving intensity modulated radiotherapy. J Cancer. 2017;8(5):832–8. doi:https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.17458
- Mallick S, Benson R, Rath GK. Radiation induced oral mucositis: a review of current literature on prevention and management. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2016;273(9):2285–93. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-015-3694-6
- Capuano G, Grosso A, Gentile PC, Battista M, Bianciardi F, Di Palma A, Pavese I, Satta F, Tosti M, Palladino A, et al. Influence of weight loss on outcomes in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing concomitant chemoradiotherapy. Head Neck. 2008;30(4):503–8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.20737
- Takenaka Y, Takemoto N, Nakahara S, Yamamoto Y, Yasui T, Hanamoto A, Fukusumi T, Michiba T, Cho H, Yamamoto M, et al. Prognostic significance of body mass index before treatment for head and neck cancer. Head Neck. 2015;37(10):1518–23. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.23785
- Peng H, Chen B-B, Tang L-L, Chen L, Li W-F, Zhang Y, Mao Y-P, Sun Y, Liu L-Z, Tian L, et al. Prognostic value of nutritional risk screening 2002 scale in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A large-scale cohort study. Cancer Sci. 2018;109(6):1909–19. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/cas.13603
- Hong J-S, Hua Y-J-L, Su L, Zhang H-R, Lv W-L, Chen X-Y, Tian J, Zhang W-J. Modified-nutrition index is a significant prognostic factor for the overall survival of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients who undergo intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Nutr Cancer. 2017;69(7):1011–8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2017.1359311
- Irungu CW, Oburra HO, Ochola B. Prevalence and predictors of malnutrition in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Clin Med Insights Ear, Nose and Throat. 2015;8:19–22.
- Ding H, Dou S, Ling Y, Zhu G, Wang Q, Wu Y, Qian Y. Longitudinal body composition changes and the importance of fat-free mass index in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Integr Cancer Ther. 2018;17(4):1125–31. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1534735418807969
- Rasmussen HH, Holst M, Kondrup J. Measuring nutritional risk in hospitals. Clin Epidemiol. 2010;2:209–16. doi:https://doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S11265
- Arends J, Bachmann P, Baracos V, Barthelemy N, Bertz H, Bozzetti F, Fearon K, Hütterer E, Isenring E, Kaasa S, et al. ESPEN guidelines on nutrition in cancer patients. Clin Nutr. 2017;36(1):11–48. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2016.07.015
- Galindo Martín CA, Aportela Vázquez VA, Becerril Hernández F, Aguilar Medina CR, Ayala Carrillo SL, Chávez Flores A, Gabriel Almanza E, Guizar Agredano MI, Montoya Vilchis JD. The GLIM criteria for adult malnutrition and its relation with adverse outcomes, a prospective observational study. Clin Nutr Espen. 2020;38:67–73. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.06.015
- Cederholm T, Jensen GL, Correia MITD, Gonzalez MC, Fukushima R, Higashiguchi T, Baptista G, Barazzoni R, Blaauw R, Coats A, GLIM Working Group, et al. GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition - A consensus report from the global clinical nutrition community. Clin Nutr. 2019;38(1):1–9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2018.08.002
- Kondrup J, Allison SP, Elia M, Vellas B, Plauth M. ESPEN guidelines for nutrition screening 2002. Clin Nutr (Edinburgh, Scotland). 2003;22(4):415–21. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5614(03)00098-0
- Kondrup J, Rasmussen HH, Hamberg O, Stanga Z. Nutritional risk screening (NRS 2002): a new method based on an analysis of controlled clinical trials. Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland. ). 2003;22(3):321–36. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5614(02)00214-5
- Arends J, Baracos V, Bertz H, Bozzetti F, Calder PC, Deutz NEP, Erickson N, Laviano A, Lisanti MP, Lobo DN, et al. ESPEN expert group recommendations for action against cancer-related malnutrition. Clin Nutr. 2017;36(5):1187–96. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2017.06.017
- Chen Y-J, Chen S-C, Wang C-P, Fang Y-Y, Lee Y-H, Lou P-J, Ko J-Y, Chiang C-C, Lai Y-H. Trismus, xerostomia and nutrition status in nasopharyngeal carcinoma survivors treated with radiation. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2016;25(3):440–8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/ecc.12270
- Sun Y, Li W-F, Chen N-Y, Zhang N, Hu G-Q, Xie F-Y, Sun Y, Chen X-Z, Li J-G, Zhu X-D, et al. Induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a phase 3, multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17(11):1509–20. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(16)30410-7
- Zhang Y, Chen L, Hu G-Q, Zhang N, Zhu X-D, Yang K-Y, Jin F, Shi M, Chen Y-P, Hu W-H, et al. Gemcitabine and cisplatin induction chemotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(12):1124–35. doi:https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1905287
- Stone HB, Coleman CN, Anscher MS, McBride WH. Effects of radiation on normal tissue: consequences and mechanisms. Lancet Oncol. 2003;4(9):529–36. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(03)01191-4
- Mahdavi R, Faramarzi E, Mohammad-Zadeh M, Ghaeammaghami J, Jabbari MV. Consequences of radiotherapy on nutritional status, dietary intake, serum zinc and copper levels in patients with gastrointestinal tract and head and neck cancer. Saudi Med J. 2007;28(3):435–40.
- Jager-Wittenaar H, Dijkstra PU, Vissink A, Langendijk JA, van der Laan BFAM, Pruim J, Roodenburg JLN. Changes in nutritional status and dietary intake during and after head and neck cancer treatment. Head Neck. 2011;33(6):863–70. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.21546
- Prado CMM, Siervo M, Mire E, Heymsfield SB, Stephan BCM, Broyles S, Smith SR, Wells JCK, Katzmarzyk PT. A population-based approach to define body-composition phenotypes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;99(6):1369–77. doi:https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.078576
- Cederholm T, Bosaeus I, Barazzoni R, Bauer J, Van Gossum A, Klek S, Muscaritoli M, Nyulasi I, Ockenga J, Schneider SM, et al. Diagnostic criteria for malnutrition - An ESPEN consensus statement. Clin Nutr (Edinburgh, Scotland). 2015;34(3):335–40. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2015.03.001
- Trouwborst I, Verreijen A, Memelink R, Massanet P, Boirie Y, Weijs P, Tieland M. Exercise and nutrition strategies to counteract sarcopenic obesity. Nutrients. 2018;10(5):605. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10050605
- Lønbro S, Dalgas U, Primdahl H, Johansen J, Nielsen JL, Aagaard P, Hermann AP, Overgaard J, Overgaard K. Progressive resistance training rebuilds lean body mass in head and neck cancer patients after radiotherapy–results from the randomized DAHANCA 25B trial. Radiother Oncol. 2013;108(2):314–9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2013.07.002
- Zeng Q, Shen LJ, Guo X, Guo XM, Qian CN, Wu PH. Critical weight loss predicts poor prognosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. BMC Cancer. 2016;16(1):169. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-016-2214-4
- Shen LJ, Chen C, Li BF, Gao J, Xia YF. High weight loss during radiation treatment changes the prognosis in under-/normal weight nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients for the worse: a retrospective analysis of 2433 cases. PloS One. 2013;8(7):e68660. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0068660
- Gundog M, Basaran H. Pretreatment low prognostic nutritional index and low albumin-globulin ratio are predictive for overall survival in nasopharyngeal cancer. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2019;276(11):3221–30. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-019-05595-2
- Su L, Lin Q, Li R, Hua Y, Zhang H, Song X, Ye J, Zhang W, Hong J. Prognostic value of nutritional impairment on treatment-related toxicity and survival in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma taking normal nutrition before radiotherapy. Head Neck. 2020;42(12):3580–9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.26426
- Tu X, Ren J, Zhao Y. Prognostic value of prognostic nutritional index in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A meta-analysis containing 4511 patients. Oral Oncol. 2020;110:104991. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104991