Coffee, Green Tea Intake, and the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

References

• Rumgay H, Arnold M, Ferlay J, Lesi O, Cabasag CJ, Vignat J, Laversanne M, McGlynn KA, Soerjomataram I. Global burden of primary liver cancer in 2020 and predictions to 2040. J Hepatol. 2022;77(6):1598–1606. 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.08.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kocarnik JM, Compton K, Dean FE, Fu W, Gaw BL, Harvey JD, Global Burden of Disease 2019 Cancer Collaboration, et al. Cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life years for 29 cancer groups from 2010 to 2019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019. JAMA Oncol. 2022;8(3):420–444.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209–249. 10.3322/caac.21660
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrick JL, Florio AA, Znaor A, Ruggieri D, Laversanne M, Alvarez CS, Ferlay J, Valery PC, Bray F, McGlynn KA, et al. International trends in hepatocellular carcinoma incidence, 1978-2012. Int J Cancer. 2020;147(2):317–330. 10.1002/ijc.32723
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGlynn KA, Petrick JL, El-Serag HB. Epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 2021;73:4–13. 10.1002/hep.31288
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Llovet JM, Kelley RK, Villanueva A, Singal AG, Pikarsky E, Roayaie S, Lencioni R, Koike K, Zucman-Rossi J, Finn RS. Hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2021;7(1):6. 10.1038/s41572-020-00240-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brody H. Tea. Nature. 2019;566(7742):S1. 10.1038/d41586-019-00394-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bravi F, Tavani A, Bosetti C, Boffetta P, La Vecchia C. Coffee and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2017;26(5):368–377. 10.1097/CEJ.0000000000000252
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trisha AT, Shakil MH, Talukdar S, Rovina K, Huda N, Zzaman W. Tea polyphenols and their preventive measures against cancer: current trends and directions. Foods. 2022;11(21):3349. 10.3390/foods11213349
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kochman J, Jakubczyk K, Antoniewicz J, Mruk H, Janda K. Health benefits and chemical composition of matcha green tea: a review. Molecules. 2020;26(1):85. 10.3390/molecules26010085
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu J, Xiao X, Yan B, Yuan Q, Dong X, Du Q, Zhang J, Shan L, Ding Z, Zhou L, et al. Green tea-derived theabrownin induces cellular senescence and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma through p53 signaling activation and bypassed JNK signaling suppression. Cancer Cell Int. 2022;22(1):39. 10.1186/s12935-022-02468-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang N, Zheng Y, Jiang Q, Yu X, Chen Y. Tea and reduced liver cancer mortality. Epidemiology. 2008;19(5):761. 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181811603
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inoue M, Kurahashi N, Iwasaki M, Shimazu T, Tanaka Y, Mizokami M, Tsugane S, Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study Group. Effect of coffee and green tea consumption on the risk of liver cancer: cohort analysis by hepatitis virus infection status. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009;18(6):1746–1753. 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0923
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nechuta S, Shu X-O, Li H-L, Yang G, Ji B-T, Xiang Y-B, Cai H, Chow W-H, Gao Y-T, Zheng W, et al. Prospective cohort study of tea consumption and risk of digestive system cancers: results from the Shanghai Women’s Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;96(5):1056–1063. 10.3945/ajcn.111.031419
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butler LM, Huang JY, Wang R, Lee M-J, Yang CS, Gao Y-T, Yuan J-M. Urinary biomarkers of catechins and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in the Shanghai Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2015;181(6):397–405. 10.1093/aje/kwu304
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrick JL, Freedman ND, Graubard BI, Sahasrabuddhe VV, Lai GY, Alavanja MC, Beane-Freeman LE, Boggs DA, Buring JE, Chan AT, et al. Coffee consumption and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma by sex: the liver cancer pooling project. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2015;24(9):1398–1406. 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-15-0137
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson S, Koh WP, Wang R, Govindarajan S, Yu MC, Yuan JM. Coffee consumption and reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: findings from the Singapore Chinese Health Study. Cancer Causes Control. 2011;22(3):503–510. 10.1007/s10552-010-9725-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bamia C, Lagiou P, Jenab M, Trichopoulou A, Fedirko V, Aleksandrova K, Pischon T, Overvad K, Olsen A, Tjønneland A, et al. Coffee, tea and decaffeinated coffee in relation to hepatocellular carcinoma in a European population: multicentre, prospective cohort study. I nt J Cancer. 2015;136(8):1899–1908. 10.1002/ijc.29214
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ui A, Kuriyama S, Kakizaki M, Sone T, Nakaya N, Ohmori-Matsuda K, Hozawa A, Nishino Y, Tsuji I. Green tea consumption and the risk of liver cancer in Japan: the Ohsaki Cohort Study. Cancer Causes Control. 2009;20(10):1939–1945. 10.1007/s10552-009-9388-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka K, Tamakoshi A, Sugawara Y, Mizoue T, Inoue M, Sawada N, Matsuo K, Ito H, Naito M, Nagata C, Research Group for the Development and Evaluation of Cancer Prevention Strategies in Japan, et al. Coffee, green tea and liver cancer risk: an evaluation based on a systematic review of epidemiologic evidence among the Japanese population. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2019;49(10):972–984. 10.1093/jjco/hyz097
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stang A. Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. Eur J Epidemiol. 2010;25(9):603–605. 10.1007/s10654-010-9491-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo XF, Yang B, Tang J, Jiang JJ, Li D. Apple and pear consumption and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Food Function. 2017;8:927–934.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamura T, Wada K, Konishi K, Goto Y, Mizuta F, Koda S, Hori A, Tanabashi S, Matsushita S, Tokimitsu N, et al. Coffee, green tea, and caffeine intake and liver cancer risk: a prospective cohort study. Nutr Cancer. 2018;70(8):1210–1216. 10.1080/01635581.2018.1512638
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park SY, Freedman ND, Haiman CA, Le Marchand L, Wilkens LR, Setiawan VW. Prospective study of coffee consumption and cancer incidence in non-white populations. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2018;27(8):928–935. 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-18-0093
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Setiawan VW, Wilkens LR, Lu SC, Hernandez BY, Le Marchand L, Henderson BE. Association of coffee intake with reduced incidence of liver cancer and death from chronic liver disease in the US multiethnic cohort. Gastroenterology. 2015;148(1):118–125. 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.10.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai GY, Weinstein SJ, Albanes D, Taylor PR, McGlynn KA, Virtamo J, Sinha R, Freedman ND. The association of coffee intake with liver cancer incidence and chronic liver disease mortality in male smokers. Br J Cancer. 2013;109(5):1344–1351. 10.1038/bjc.2013.405
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu G, Tuomilehto J, Pukkala E, Hakulinen T, Antikainen R, Vartiainen E, Jousilahti P. Joint effects of coffee consumption and serum gamma-glutamyltransferase on the risk of liver cancer. Hepatology. 2008;48(1):129–136. 10.1002/hep.22320
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inoue M, Yoshimi I, Sobue T, Tsugane S, JPHC Study Group Influence of coffee drinking on subsequent risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective study in Japan. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005;97(4):293–300. 10.1093/jnci/dji040
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shimazu T, Tsubono Y, Kuriyama S, Ohmori K, Koizumi Y, Nishino Y, Shibuya D, Tsuji I. Coffee consumption and the risk of primary liver cancer: pooled analysis of two prospective studies in Japan. Int J Cancer. 2005;116(1):150–154. 10.1002/ijc.20989
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurozawa Y, Ogimoto I, Shibata A, Nose T, Yoshimura T, Suzuki H, Sakata R, Fujita Y, Ichikawa S, Iwai N, JACC Study Group, et al. Coffee and risk of death from hepatocellular carcinoma in a large cohort study in Japan. Br J Cancer. 2005;93(5):607–610. 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602737
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leung WW, Ho SC, Chan HL, Wong V, Yeo W, Mok TS. Moderate coffee consumption reduces the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B chronic carriers: a case-control study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2011;65(6):556–558. 10.1136/jech.2009.104125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohishi W, Fujiwara S, Cologne JB, Suzuki G, Akahoshi M, Nishi N, Takahashi I, Chayama K. Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in a Japanese population: a nested case-control study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008;17(4):846–854. 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-2806
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka K, Hara M, Sakamoto T, Higaki Y, Mizuta T, Eguchi Y, Yasutake T, Ozaki I, Yamamoto K, Onohara S, et al. Inverse association between coffee drinking and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: a case-control study in Japan. Cancer Sci. 2007;98(2):214–218. 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2006.00368.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wakai K, Kurozawa Y, Shibata A, Fujita Y, Kotani K, Ogimoto I, Naito M, Nishio K, Suzuki H, Yoshimura T, JACC Study Group, et al. Liver cancer risk, coffee, and hepatitis C virus infection: a nested case-control study in Japan. Br J Cancer. 2007;97(3):426–428. 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603891
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montella M, Polesel J, La Vecchia C, Dal Maso L, Crispo A, Crovatto M, Casarin P, Izzo F, Tommasi LG, Talamini R, et al. Coffee and tea consumption and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in Italy. Int J Cancer. 2007;120(7):1555–1559. 10.1002/ijc.22509
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohfuji S, Fukushima W, Tanaka T, Habu D, Tamori A, Sakaguchi H, Takeda T, Kawada N, Seki S, Nishiguchi S, et al. Coffee consumption and reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with chronic type C liver disease: A case-control study. Hepatol Res. 2006;36(3):201–208. 10.1016/j.hepres.2006.07.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelatti U, Covolo L, Franceschini M, Pirali F, Tagger A, Ribero ML, Trevisi P, Martelli C, Nardi G, Donato F, Brescia HCC Study Group, et al. Coffee consumption reduces the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma independently of its aetiology: a case-control study. J Hepatol. 2005;42(4):528–534. 10.1016/j.jhep.2004.11.039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallus S, Bertuzzi M, Tavani A, Bosetti C, Negri E, La Vecchia C, Lagiou P, Trichopoulos D. Does coffee protect against hepatocellular carcinoma? Br J Cancer. 2002;87(9):956–959. 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600582
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li X, Yu C, Guo Y, Bian Z, Shen Z, Yang L, Chen Y, Wei Y, Zhang H, Qiu Z, China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group, et al. Association between tea consumption and risk of cancer: a prospective cohort study of 0.5 million Chinese adults. Eur J Epidemiol. 2019;34(8):753–763. 10.1007/s10654-019-00530-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Y, Chang S-C, Goldstein BY, Scheider WL, Cai L, You N-CY, Tarleton HP, Ding B, Zhao J, Wu M, et al. Green tea consumption, inflammation and the risk of primary hepatocellular carcinoma in a Chinese population. Cancer Epidemiol. 2011;35(4):362–368. 10.1016/j.canep.2011.01.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mu LN, Zhou XF, Ding BG, Wang RH, Zhang ZF, Jiang QW, et al. Study on the protective effect of green tea on gastric, liver and esophageal cancers. Chin J Prev Med. 2003;37(3):171–173.
   Google Scholar
• Nagano J, Kono S, Preston DL, Mabuchi K. A prospective study of green tea consumption and cancer incidence, Hiroshima and Nagasaki (Japan). Cancer Causes Control. 2001;12(6):501–508. 10.1023/a:1011297326696
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakachi K, Matsuyama S, Miyake S, Suganuma M, Imai K. Preventive effects of drinking green tea on cancer and cardiovascular disease: epidemiological evidence for multiple targeting prevention. Biofactors. 2000;13(1–4):49–54. 10.1002/biof.5520130109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang JY, Zhu L, Wu DL, Wang XS, Li DH. Matched case-control study on factors for main cancer in a low incidence area of Jiangsu province. Chin J Cancer Prev Treat. 2008;15:565–568.
   Google Scholar
• Iso H, Kubota Y. Nutrition and disease in the Japan Collaborative Cohort study 1 for evaluation of cancer (JACC). Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2007;8:35–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bravi F, Bosetti C, Tavani A, Bagnardi V, Gallus S, Negri E, Franceschi S, La Vecchia C. Coffee drinking and hepatocellular carcinoma risk: a meta-analysis. Hepatology. 2007;46(2):430–435. 10.1002/hep.21708
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsson SC, Wolk A. Coffee consumption and risk of liver cancer: a meta-analysis. Gastroenterology. 2007;132(5):1740–1745. 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.03.044
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ludwig IA, Clifford MN, Lean ME, Ashihara H, Crozier A. Coffee: biochemistry and potential impact on health. Food Funct. 2014;5(8):1695–1717. 10.1039/c4fo00042k
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nordestgaard AT. Causal relationship from coffee consumption to diseases and mortality: a review of observational and Mendelian randomization studies including cardiometabolic diseases, cancer, gallstones and other diseases. Eur J Nutr. 2022;61(2):573–587. 10.1007/s00394-021-02650-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niezen S, Mehta M, Jiang ZG, Tapper EB. Coffee consumption is associated with lower liver stiffness: a nationally representative study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;20(9):2032–2040.e6. 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.09.042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shan L, Wang F, Zhai D, Meng X, Liu J, Lv X. Caffeine in liver diseases: pharmacology and toxicology. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:1030173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan FS. Coffee reduces the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma probably through inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by caffeine. Front Oncol. 2022;12:1029491. 10.3389/fonc.2022.1029491
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruhl CE, Everhart JE. Coffee and caffeine consumption reduce the risk of elevated serum alanine aminotransferase activity in the United States. Gastroenterology. 2005;128(1):24–32. 10.1053/j.gastro.2004.09.075
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abe SK, Inoue M. Green tea and cancer and cardiometabolic diseases: a review of the current epidemiological evidence. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2021;75(6):865–876. 10.1038/s41430-020-00710-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ni CX, Gong H, Liu Y, Qi Y, Jiang CL, Zhang JP. Green tea consumption and the risk of liver cancer: a meta-analysis. Nutr Cancer. 2017;69(2):211–220. 10.1080/01635581.2017.1263754
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao T, Li C, Wang S, Song X. Green tea (Camellia sinensis): a review of its phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology. Molecules. 2022;27(12):3909. 10.3390/molecules27123909
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao X, Guo L, Dai W, Yan B, Zhang J, Yuan Q, Zhou L, Shan L, Efferth T. Green tea-derived theabrownin suppresses human non-small cell lung carcinoma in xenograft model through activation of not only p53 signaling but also MAPK/JNK signaling pathway. J Ethnopharmacol. 2022;291:115167. 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115167
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musial C, Kuban-Jankowska A, Gorska-Ponikowska M. Beneficial properties of green tea catechins. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(5):1744. 10.3390/ijms21051744
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tritsch N, Steger MC, Segatz V, Blumenthal P, Rigling M, Schwarz S, Zhang Y, Franke H, Lachenmeier DW. Risk assessment of caffeine and epigallocatechin gallate in coffee leaf tea. Foods. 2022;11(3):263. 10.3390/foods11030263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambert JD, Kennett MJ, Sang S, Reuhl KR, Ju J, Yang CS. Hepatotoxicity of high oral dose (¡)-epigallocatechin-3 gallate in mice. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010;48(1):409–416. 10.1016/j.fct.2009.10.030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomova GD, Arnold KF, Gilthorpe MS, Tennant PWG. Adjustment for energy intake in nutritional research: a causal inference perspective. Am J Clin Nutr. 2022;115(1):189–198. 10.1093/ajcn/nqab266
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar