Dietary carbohydrate‐ and ethanol‐induced alteration of the metabolism and toxicity of chemical substances

References and notes

• Litterst , CL , Mimnaugh , EG and Gram , TE . 1977 . “Comparative Alterations in Extrahepatic Drug Metabolism by Factors Known to Affect Hepatic Activity” . Biochem Pharmacol , 26 : 749 – 755 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conney , AH . 1967 . “Pharmacological Implications of Microsomal Enzyme Induction” . Pharmacol Rev , 19 : 317 – 366 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell , TC and Hayes , JR . 1974 . “Role of Nutrition in the Drug‐Metabolizing Enzyme System” . Pharmacol Rev , 26 : 171 – 197 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krishnan , N and Stenger , R . 1966 . “Effects of Starvation on the Hepatotoxicity of Carbon Tetrachloride” . Am J Pathol , 49 : 239 – 246 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaeger , RJ , Conolly , RB and Murphy , SD . 1975 . “Short‐Term Inhalation Toxicity of Halogenated Hydrocarbons. Effects on Fasting Rats” . Arch Environ Health , 30 : 26 – 30 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis , N and Whipple , C . 1919 . “The Influence of Fasting and Various Diets on the Liver Injury Effected by Chloroform Anesthesia” . Arch Intern Med , 23 : 612 – 633 .
   Google Scholar
• Goldschmidt , S , Vars , HM and Ravdin , I . 1939 . “The Influence of the Foodstuffs Upon the Susceptibility of the Liver to Injury by Chloroform, and the Probable Mechanism of Their Action” . J din Invest , 18 : 277 – 289 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jaeger , RJ , Conolly , RB and Murphy , SD . 1974 . “Effect of 18‐Hr Fast and Glutathione Depletion on 1,1‐Dichloroethylene‐Induced Hepatotoxicity and Lethality in Rats” . Exp Mol Pathol , 20 : 187 – 198 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKenna , MJ , Zempel , JA , Madrid , EO and Gehring , PJ . 1978 . “The Pharmacokinetics of (14C) Vinylidene Chloride in Rats Following Inhalation Exposure” . Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , 45 : 599 – 610 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pessayre , D , Dolder , A , Artigou , JY , Wandscheer , JC , Descatoire , V , Degott , C and Benhamou , JP . 1979 . “Effect of Fasting on Metabolite‐Mediated Hepatotoxicity in the Rat” . Gastroenterology , 77 : 264 – 271 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butler , TC . 1961 . “Reduction of Carbon Tetrachloride in Vivo and Reduction of Carbon Tetrachioride and Chloroform in Vitro by Tissues and Tissue Homogenates” . J Pharmacol Exp Ther , 134 : 311 – 319 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slater , TF . 1966 . “Necrogenic Action of Carbon Tetrachloride in the Rat: A Speculative Mechanism Based on Activation” . Nature , 209 : 36 – 40 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Recknagel , PO and Glende , EA . 1973 . “Carbon Tetrachloride Hepatotoxicity: An Example of Lethal Cleavage” . CRC Crit Rev Toxicol , 2 : 263 – 279 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ilett , KF , Reid , WD , Sipes , IG and Krishna , G . 1973 . “Chloroform Toxicity in Mice: Correlation of Renal and Hepatic Necrosis With Covalent Binding of Metabolites to Tissue Macromolecules” . Exp Mol Pathol , 19 : 215 – 229 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartsch , H , Malaveille , C , Montesano , R and Tomatis , L . 1975 . “Tissue‐Mediated Mutagenicity of Vinylidene Chloride and 2‐Chlorobutadiene in Salmonella typhimurium” . Nature , 255 : 641 – 643 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dfaz Gómez , MI , de Castro , CR , de Ferreyra , EC , D'Acosta , N , de Fenos , OM and Castro , JA . 1975 . “Mechanistic Studies on Carbon Tetrachloride Hepatotoxicity in Fasted and Fed Rats” . Toxicol Appl Phar‐macol , 32 : 101 – 108 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maruyama , E , Kojima , K , Higashi , T and Sakamoto , Y . 1968 . “Effect of Diet on Liver Glutathione and Glutathione Reductase” . J Biochem (Tokyo) , 63 : 398 – 399 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Docks , EL and Krishna , G . 1976 . “The Role of Glutathione in Chloroform‐Induced Hepatotoxicity” . Exp Mol Pathol , 24 : 13 – 22 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pohl , LR . 1979 . “Biochemical Toxicology of Chloroform” . In Reviews in Biochemical Toxicology , Edited by: Hodgson , E , Bend , JR and Philpot , RM . 79 – 107 . Amsterdam : Elsevier/North‐Holland Biomedical Press .
   Google Scholar
• Pohl , LR , Martin , JL and Gorge , JW . 1980 . “Mechanism of Metabolic Activation of Chloroform by Rat Liver Microsomes” . Biochem Pharmacol , 29 : 3271 – 3275 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slater , TF . 1978 . “Biochemical Studies on Liver Injury” . In Biochemical Mechanisms of Liver Injury , Edited by: Slater , TF . 1 – 44 . London : Academic Press, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Sato , A and Nakajima , T . 1979 . “A Vial‐Equilibration Method to Evaluate the Drug‐Metabolizing Enzyme Activity for Volatile Hydrocarbons” . Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , 47 : 41 – 46 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakajima , T and Sato , A . 1979 . “Enhanced Activity of Liver Drug‐Metabolizing Enzymes for Aromatic and Chlorinated Hydrocarbons Following Food Deprivation” . Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , 50 : 549 – 556 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakajima , T , Koyama , Y and Sato , A . 1982 . “Dietary Modification of Metabolism and Toxicity of Chemical Substances With Special Reference to Carbohydrate” . Biochem Pharmacol , 31 : 1005 – 1011 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dixon , RL , Shultice , RW and Fouts , JR . 1960 . “Factors Affecting Drug Metabolism by Liver Microsomes. IV. Starvation” . Proc Soc Exp Biol Med , 103 : 333 – 335 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roth , JS and Bukovsky , J . 1961 . “N‐Demethylating System in Rat Liver Microsomes” . J Pharmacol Exp Ther , 131 : 275 – 281 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kato , R and Gillette , JR . 1965 . “Effect of Starvation on NADPH‐Dependent Enzymes in Liver Microsomes of Male and Female Rats” . J Pharmacol Exp Ther , 150 : 279 – 284 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gram , TF , Guarino , AM , Schroeder , DH , Davis , DC , Reagan , RL and Gillette , JR . 1970 . “The Effect of Starvation on the Kinetics of Drug Oxidation by Hepatic Microsomal Enzymes From Male and Female Rats” . J Pharmacol Exp Ther , 175 : 12 – 21 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furner , RL and Feller , DD . 1971 . “The Influence of Starvation Upon Hepatic Drug Metabolism in Rats, Mice, and Guinea Pigs” . Proc Soc Exp Biol Med , 137 : 816 – 819 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bock , KW , Frohling , W and Remmer , H . 1973 . “Influence of Fasting and Hemin on Microsomal Cytochromes and Enzymes” . Biochem Pharmacol , 22 : 1557 – 1564 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLean , AEM and McLean , EK . 1966 . “The Effect of Diet and 1,1,1‐Trichloro‐2,2‐bis‐(p ‐chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) on Microsomal Hydroxylating Enzymes and on Sensitivity of Rats to Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning” . Biochem J , 100 : 564 – 571 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLean , AEM and McLean , EK . 1967 . “Protein Depletion and Toxic Liver Injury Due to Carbon Tetrachloride and Aflatoxin” . Proc Nutr Soc , 26 : 13 – 14 .
   Google Scholar
• McLean , AEM and McLean , EK . 1969 . “Diet and Toxicity” . Br Med Bull , 25 : 278 – 281 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kato , R , Oshima , T and Tomizawa , S . 1968 . “Toxicity and Metabolism of Drugs in Relation to Dietary Protein” . Jpn J Pharmacol , 18 : 356 – 366 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marshall , WJ and McLean , AEM . 1969 . “The Effect of Oral Phenobarbitone on Hepatic Microsomal Cytochrome P‐450 and Demethylation Activity in Rats Fed Normal and Low Protein Diets” . Biochem Pharmacol , 18 : 153 – 157 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weatherholz , WM , Campbell , TC and Webb , RE . 1969 . “Effect of Dietary Protein Levels on the Toxicity and Metabolism of Heptachlor” . J Nutr , 98 : 90 – 94 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mgbodile , MUK and Campbell , TC . 1972 . “Effect of Protein Deprivation of Male Weanling Rats on the Kinetics of Hepatic Microsomal Enzyme Activity” . J Nutr , 102 : 53 – 60 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czygan , P , Greim , H , Garro , A , Schaffner , F and Popper , H . 1974 . “The Effect of Dietary Protein Deficiency on the Ability of Isolated Hepatic Microsomes to Alter the Mutagenicity of a Primary and a Secondary Carcinogen” . Cancer Res , 34 : 119 – 123 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell , TC and Hayes , JR . 1976 . “The Effect of Quantity and Quality of Dietary Protein on Drug Metabolism” . Fed Proc , 35 : 2470 – 2474 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Campbell , TC . 1978 . “Effects of Dietary Protein on Drug Metabolism” . In Nutrition and Drug Interactions , Edited by: Hathcock , JN and Coon , J . 409 – 422 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hayes , JR , Mgbodile , MUK , Merril , AH , Nerurkar , LS and Campbell , TC . 1978 . “The Effect of Dietary Protein Depletion and Repletion on Rat Hepatic Mixed Function Oxidase Activity” . J Nutr , 108 : 1788 – 1797 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bollman , JL . 1943 . “Protective Value of Foods in Experimental Cirrhosis” . JAMA , 121 : 1413
   Google Scholar
• Campbell , RM and Kosterlitz , HW . 1948 . “The Effects of Short‐Term Changes in Dietary Protein on the Response of the Liver to Carbon Tetrachloride Liver Injury” . Br J Exp Pathol , 29 : 149 – 159 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Strother , A , Throckmorton , JK and Herzer , C . 1971 . “The Influence of High Sugar Consumption by Mice on the Duration of Action of Barbiturates and in Vitro Metabolism of Barbiturates, Aniline and p‐Nitroanisole” . J Pharmacol Exp Ther , 179 : 490 – 498 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters , MA and Strother , A . 1972 . “A Study of Some Possible Mechanisms by Which Glucose Inhibits Drug Metabolism in Vivo and in Vitro” . J Pharmacol Exp Ther , 180 : 151 – 157 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kappas , A , Anderson , KE , Conney , AH and Alveres , AP . 1976 . “Influence of Dietary Protein and Carbohydrate on Antipyrine and Theophylline Metabolism in Man” . Clin Pharmacol Ther , 20 : 643 – 653 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kutob , SD and Plaa , GL . 1962 . “The Effect of Acute Ethanol Intoxication on Chloroform‐Induced Liver Damage” . J Pharmacol Exp Ther , 135 : 245 – 251 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornish , HH and Adefuin , J . 1966 . “Ethanol Potentiation of Halogenated Aliphatic Solvent Toxicity” . Am Ind Hyg Assoc J , 25 : 57 – 61 .
   Google Scholar
• Traiger , CJ and Plaa , GL . 1971 . “Differences in the Potentiation of Carbon Tetrachloride in Rats by Ethanol and Isopropanol Pretreatment” . Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , 20 : 105 – 112 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasumura , Y , Teschke , R and Lieber , CS . 1974 . “Increased Carbon Tetrachloride Hepatotoxicity, and Its Metabolism, After Chronic Ethanol Consumption” . Castroenterology , 66 : 415 – 422 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maling , HM , Stripp , B , Sipes , IG , Highmann , B , Saul , W and Williams , MA . 1975 . “Enhanced Hepatotoxicity of Carbon Tetrachloride, Thioacetamide, and Dimethylnitrosoamine by Pretreatment of Rats With Ethanol and Some Comparisons With Potentiation by Isopropanol” . Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , 33 : 291 – 308 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strubelt , O , Obermeier , F and Siegers , G‐P . 1978 . “The Influence of Ethanol Pretreatment on the Effects of Nine Hepatotoxic Agents” . Acta Pharmacol Toxicol , 43 : 211 – 218 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Strubelt , O , Obermeier , F , Siegers , C‐P and Volpel , M . 1978 . “Increased Carbon Tetrachloride Hepatotoxicity After Low Level Ethanol Consumption” . Toxicology , 10 : 261 – 270 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strubelt , O . 1980 . “Interactions Between Ethanol and Other Hepatotoxic Agents” . Biochem Pharmacol , 29 : 1445 – 1449 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sato , A , Nakajima , T and Koyama , Y . 1981 . “Dose‐Related Effects of a Single Dose of Ethanol on the Metabolism in Rat Liver of Some Aromatic and Chlorinated Hydrocarbons” . Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , 60 : 8 – 15 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sato , A , Nakajima , T and Koyama , Y . 1980 . “Effects of Chronic Ethanol Consumption on Hepatic Metabolism of Aromatic and Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Rats” . Br J Ind Med , 37 : 382 – 386 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DeCarli , LM and Lieber , CS . 1967 . “Fatty Liver in the Rat After Prolonged Intake of Ethanol With a Nutritionally Adequate Liquid Diet” . JNutr , 91 : 331 – 336 .
   Google Scholar
• Rubin , E and Lieber , CS . 1968 . “Hepatic Microsomal Enzymes in Man and in Rat: Induction and Inhibition by Ethanol” . Science , 162 : 690 – 691 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Misra , PS , Lefevre , A , Ishii , H , Rubin , E and Lieber , CS . 1971 . “Increase of Ethanol, Meprobamate and Pen‐tobarbital Metabolism After Chronic Ethanol Administration in Man and in Rats” . Am J Med , 51 : 346 – 351 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishii , H , Joly , J‐G and Lieber , CS . 1973 . “Effect of Ethanol on the Amount and Enzyme Activities of Hepatic Rough and Smooth Microsomal Membranes” . Biochim Biophys Acta , 291 : 411 – 420 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sato , A , Nakajima , T and Koyama , Y . 1983 . “Interaction Between Ethanol and Carbohydrate on the Metabolism in Rat Liver of Aromatic and Chlorinated Hydrocarbons” . Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , 68 : 242 – 249 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lu , AYH and West , SB . 1980 . “Multiplicity of Mammalian Microsomal Cytochrome P‐450” . Pharmacol Rev , 31 : 277 – 295 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comai , K and Gaylor , JL . 1973 . “Existence and Separation of Three Forms of Cytochrome P‐450 From Rat Liver Microsomes” . J Biol Chem , 248 : 4947 – 4955 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohnishi , K and Lieber , CS . 1977 . “Reconstitution of the Microsomal Ethanol‐Oxidizing System: Qualitative and Quantitative Changes of Cytochrome P‐450 After Chronic Ethanol Consumption” . J Biol Chem , 252 : 7124 – 7131 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koop , DR , Morgan , ET , Tarr , GE and Coon , MJ . 1982 . “Purification and Characterization of a Unique Isozyme of Cytochrome P‐450 From Liver Microsomes of Ethanol‐Treated Rabbits” . J Biol Chem , 257 : 8472 – 8480 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ioannides , C and Parke , DV . 1973 . “The Effect of Ethanol Administration on Drug Oxidations and Possible Mechanism of Ethanol‐Barbiturate Interactions” . Biochem Soc Trans , 1 : 716 – 720 .
   Google Scholar
• Inscoe , JK and Axelrod , J . 1960 . “Some Factors Affecting Glucuronide Formation in Vitro” . J Pharmacol Exp Ther , 129 : 128 – 131 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bock , KW , Fröhling , W , Remmer , H and Rexer , B . 1973 . “Effects of Phenobarbital and 3‐Methylcholanthrene on Substrate Specificity of Rat Liver Microsomal UDP‐Glucuronyltransferase” . Biochim Biophys Acta , 327 : 46 – 56 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vainio , H . 1974 . “Enhancement of Microsomal Drug Oxidation and Glucuronidation in Rat Liver by an Environmental Chemical, Polychlorinated Biphenyl” . Chem Biol Interact , 9 : 379 – 387 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplowitz , N , Kuhlenkamp , J and Clifton , G . 1975 . “Drug Induction of Hepatic Glutathione‐s‐transferases in Male and Female Rats” . Biochem J , 146 : 351 – 356 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Younes , M , Schlichting , R and Siegers , C‐P . 1980 . “Glutathione‐s‐transferase Activities in Rat Liver: Effect of Some Factors Influencing the Metabolism of Xenobiotics” . Pharmacol Res Commun , 12 : 115 – 129 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar