References
- Chilvers , C , Fraser , P and Beral , V . 1979 . “Alcohol and Oesophageal Cancer: An Assessment of the Evidence From Routinely Collected Data” . J Epidemiol Community Health , 33 : 127 – 133 .
- Rose , EF and McGlashan , ND . 1975 . “The Spatial Distribution of Esophageal Carcinoma in the Transkei, South Africa” . Br J Cancer , 31 : 197 – 206 .
- Ming , S‐C . 1985 . Atlas of Tumor Pathology, Tumours of the Esophagus and Stomach , 52 – 58 . Washington, DC : Armed Forces Institute of Pathology . (Suppl, Fascicle 7)
- Groenewald , G , Langenhoven , ML , Beyers , MJC , Du Plessis , JP , Ferreira , JJ and Van Rensburg , SJ . 1981 . “Nutrient Intakes Among Rural Transkeians at Risk for Oesophageal Cancer” . S Afr Med J , 60 : 964 – 967 .
- Van Rensburg , SJ , Purchase , IFH , Rose , EF and Roach , WA . 1974 . “Structural Alterations in the Rat Oesophagus Epithelium After Ingestion of the Transkei Diet” . S Afr Med J , 48 : 2361 – 2362 .
- Van Rensburg , SJ , Hall , JM and Gathercole , PS . 1986 . “Inhibition of Esophageal Carcinogenesis in Corn‐Fed Rats by Riboflavin, Nicotinic Acid, Selenium, Molybdenum, Zinc and Magnesium” . Nutr Cancer , 8 : 163 – 170 .
- Miller , AB . 1985 . “Diet, Nutrition and Cancer. An Epidemiological Overview” . J Nutr Growth Cancer , 2 : 159 – 171 .
- Newberne , PM , Nauss , KM and de Carnargo , JLV . 1983 . “Lipotropes, Immunocompetence and Cancer” . Cancer Res , 43 : 24265 – 24345 .
- Locker , J , Reddy , TV and Lombardi , B . 1986 . “DNA Methylation and Hepatocarcinogenesis in Rats Fed a Choline‐Devoid Diet” . Carcinogenesis , 7 : 1309 – 1312 .
- Shivapurkar , N , Wilson , MJ , Hoover , KL , Mikol , YB , Creasia , D and Poirier , LA . 1986 . “Hepatic DNA Methylation and Liver Tumour Formation in Male C3H Mice Fed Methionine‐ and Choline‐Deficient Diets” . JNCI , 77 : 213 – 217 .
- Kibblewhite , MG , Van Rensburg , SJ , Laker , MC and Rose , EF . 1984 . “Evidence for an Intimate Geochemical Factor in the Etiology of Oesophageal Cancer” . Environ Res , 33 : 470 – 478 .
- Nabeya , K . 1983 . “Markers of Cancer Risk in the Esophagus and Surveillance of High‐Risk Groups” . In Precancerous Lesions of the Gastrointestinal Tract , Edited by: Sherlock , P , Morson , BC , Barbara , L and Veronesi , V . 71 – 86 . New York : Raven .
- De Leenheer , AP , De Bevere , V , De Ruyter , MGM and Claeys , AE . 1979 . “Simultaneous Determination of Retinol and α‐Tocopherol in Human Serum by High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography” . J. Chromatogr , 162 : 408 – 413 .
- Catignani , GL and Bieri , JG . 1983 . “Simultaneous Determination of Retinol and α‐Tocopherol in Serum or Plasma by Liquid Chromatography” . Clin Chem , 29 : 708 – 712 .
- Mathew , CGP . 1984 . “The Isolation of High Molecular Weight Eukaryotic DNA” . In Methods in Molecular Biology , Edited by: Walker , JM . 31 – 34 . London : Humana .
- Eick , D , Fritz , H‐J and Doerfler , W . 1983 . “Quantitative Determination of 5‐Methylcytosine in DNA by Reverse‐Phase High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography” . Anal Biochem , 135 : 165 – 171 .
- Mandel , HG and Cohn , VH . 1985 . “Fat‐Soluble Vitamins” . In The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics , Edited by: Gilman , AG , Goodman , LS , Rall , TW and Murad , F . 1573 – 1591 . New York : Macmillan . chapt 67
- Hill , DL and Grubbs , CJ . 1982 . “Retinoids as Chemopreventive and Anticancer Agents in Intact Animals” . Anticancer Res , 2 : 111 – 124 .
- Thompson , HJ , Herbst , EJ and Meeker , LD . 1986 . “Chemoprevention of Mammary Carcinogenesis” . JNCI , 77 : 595 – 598 .
- Moon , RC , McCormick , DL and Mehta , RG . 1983 . “Inhibition of Carcinogenesis by Retinoids” . Cancer Res , 43 : 2469s – 2475s .
- Willett , WC and MacMahon , B . 1984 . “Diet and Cancer‐An Overview” . N Engl J Med , 310 : 633 – 638 .
- Shekelle , RF , Liu , S , Raynor , WJ , Lepper , M , Maliza , C , Rossof , AH , Paul , O , Shryock , AM and Stamler , J . 1981 . “Dietary Vitamin A and Risk of Cancer in the Western Electric Study” . Lancet , 2 : 1185 – 1190 .
- Graham , S . 1983 . “Results of Case‐Control Studies of Diet and Cancer in Buffalo, New York” . Cancer Res , 43 : 2409s – 2413s .
- Carmel , R and Eisenberg , L . 1977 . “Serum B12 Levels and Transcobalmin Abnormalities in Patients With Cancer” . Cancer , 40 : 1348 – 1353 .
- Tencharoen , P , Anukarahamonta , T and Bhamaraprovati , N . 1978 . “Influence of Dietary Protein and Vitamin B12 on the Toxicity and Carcinogenicity of Aflatoxins in Rat Liver” . Cancer Res , 38 : 2185 – 2190 .
- Hoffman , RM . 1984 . “Altered Methionine Metabolism, DNA Methylation and Oncogene Expression in Carcinogenesis” . Biochim Biophys Acta , 738 : 49 – 87 .
- Wilson , MJ , Shivapurkar , N and Poirier , LA . 1984 . “Hypomethylation of Hepatic Nuclear DNA in Rats Fed With a Carcinogenic Methyl‐Deficient Diet” . Biochem J , 218 : 987 – 990 .
- Rogers , AE . 1983 . “Influence of Dietary Content of Lipids and Lipotropic Nutrients on Chemical Carcinogenesis in Rats” . Cancer Res , 43 : 2477s – 2484s .
- Rushmore , TH , Farber , E , Ghoshal , AK , Parodi , S , Pala , M and Taningher , M . 1986 . “Choline‐Devoid Diet, Carcinogenic in the Rat, Induces DNA Damage and Repair” . Carcinogenesis , 7 : 1677 – 1680 .
- Castro , CE , Armstrong‐Major , J and Ramirez , ME . 1986 . “Diet‐Mediated Alteration of Chromatin Structure” . Fed Proc , 45 : 2394 – 2398 .
- Butterworth , CE . 1981 . “New Concepts in Nutrition and Cancer: Implications for Folic Acid” . J Dent Children , 48 : 300 – 303 .
- Marasas , WFO , van Rensburg , FJ and Mirocha , CJ . 1979 . “Incidence of Fusarium Species and the Mycotoxins Deoxydivalenol and Zearalenone in Corn Produced in Oesophageal Cancer Areas in Transkei” . J Agric Food Chem , 27 : 1108 – 1112 .
- Marasas , WFO , Kriek , NPJ , Fincham , JE and van Rensburg , SJ . 1984 . “Primary Liver Cancer and Oesophageal Basal Cell Hyperplasia in Rats Caused by Fusarium moniliforme” . Int J Cancer , 34 : 383 – 387 .
- Kirsten , CM . 1974 . “Age and Sex Dependence of Food Intake in the Mount Ayliff District” . S Afr Med J , 48 : 2357 – 2359 .
- Van Rensburg , SJ , Benade , AS , Rose , EF and du Plessis , JP . 1983 . “Nutritional Status of African Populations Predisposed to Esophageal Cancer” . Nutr Cancer , 4 : 206 – 216 .