Exposure to the carcinogen benzopyrene depletes tissue vitamin a: β‐carotene prevents depletion

References

• Davies , RE . 1967 . “Effect of Vitamin A on 7, 12‐Dimethybenz[a]anthracene‐Induced Papillomas in Rhino Mouse Skin” . Cancer Res , 27 : 237 – 241 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saffiotti , U , Montesano , R , Sellakumar , AR and Borg , SA . 1967 . “Experimental Cancer of the Lung: Inhibition by Vitamin A of the Induction of Tracheobronchial Squamous Metaplasia and Squamous Cell Tumors” . Cancer , 20 : 857 – 864 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sporn , MB , Squire , RA , Brown , CC , Smith , JM Wenk , ML . 1977 . “13‐Cis Retinoic Acid: Inhibition of Bladder Carcinogenesis in the Rat” . Science , 195 : 487 – 489 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santamaria , L , Bianchi , A , Arnaboldi , A , Ravetto , C Bianchi , L . 1988 . “Chemoprevention of Indirect and Direct Chemical Carcinogenesis by Carotenoids as Oxygen Radical Quenchers” . Ann NY Acad Sci , 534 : 584 – 596 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clinton , SK , Destree , RJ , Anderson , DB , Truex , CR Imrey , PB . 1979 . “1,2‐Dimethylhydrazine Induced Intestinal Cancer in Rats Fed Beef or Soybean Protein” . Nutr Rep Int , 20 : 335 – 342 .
   Google Scholar
• McLaughlin , JK , Hrubec , Z , Blot , WJ and Fraumeni , JF Jr . 1990 . “Stomach Cancer and Cigarette Smoking Among U.S. Veterans, 1954–1980” . Cancer Res , 50 : 3804
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wu‐Williams , AH , Yu , MC and Mack , TM . 1990 . “Life‐Style, Workplace, and Stomach Cancer by Subsite in Young Men of Los Angeles County” . Cancer Res , 50 : 2569 – 2576 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ong , DE and Chytil , F . 1983 . “Vitamin A and Cancer” . Vitam Horm , 40 : 105 – 144 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wald , N , Boreham , J , Idle , M and Bailey , A . 1980 . “Low Serum‐Vitamin A and Subsequent Risk of Cancer” . Lancet , 2 : 813 – 815 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjelke , E . 1975 . “Dietary Vitamin A and Human Lung Cancer” . Int J Cancer , 15 : 561 – 565 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salonen , JT , Salonen , R , Lappetelainen , R , Maenpaa , RH Alfthan , G . 1985 . “Risk of Cancer in Relation to Serum Concentrations of Selenium and Vitamins A and E: Matched Case‐Control Analysis of Prospective Data” . Br Med J , 290 : 417 – 420 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valentine , EH . 1957 . “Squamous Metaplasia of the Bronchus” . Cancer , 10 : 272 – 279 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Auerbach , O , Stout , AP , Hammond , C and Garfinkel , L . 1961 . “Changes in Bronchial Epithelium in Relation to Cigarette Smoking and in Relation to Lung Cancer” . N Engl J Med , 265 : 253 – 267 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell‐Briefel , R , Bates , MW and Kuller , LH . 1985 . “The Relationship of Plasma Carotenoids to Health and Biochemical Factors in Middle‐Aged Men (abstr)” . Am J Epidemiol , 122 : 741
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuntzman , R , Mark , L , Brand , L , Jacobson , M Levin , W . 1966 . “Metabolism of Drugs and Carcinogens by Human Liver Enzymes” . J Pharm Exp Ther , 152 : 151 – 156 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conney , A , Miller , F and Miller , J . 1957 . “Substrate‐Induced Synthesis and Other Properties of Benzopyrene Hydroxylase in Rat Liver” . J Biot Chem , 228 : 753 – 756 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grover , P , Hewer , A and Sims , P . 1974 . “Metabolism of Polycyclic Hydrocarbons by Rat‐Lung Preparations” . Biochem Pharmacol , 23 : 323 – 332 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wattenberg , LW . 1971 . “Studies of Polycyclic Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases of the Intestine Possibly Related to Cancer” . Cancer , 28 : 99 – 102 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loub , WD , Wattenberg , LW and Davis , PW . 1975 . “Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase Induction in Rat Tissues by Naturally Occurring Indoles of Cruciferous Plants” . JNCI , 54 : 985 – 988 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lieber , CS . 1986 . “Metabolism of Ethanol and Associated Interactions With Other Drugs, Carcinogens, and Vitamins” . NY State J Med , 6 : 297 – 302 .
   Google Scholar
• Sato , M and Lieber , CS . 1981 . “Hepatic Vitamin A Depletion After Chronic Ethanol Consumption in Baboons and Rats” . J Nutr , 111 : 2015 – 2023 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leo , MA , Kim , C and Lieber , CS . 1987 . “NAD+ Dependent Retinol Dehydrogenase in Liver Microsomes” . Arch Biochem Biophys , 259 : 241 – 249 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leo , MA , Lowe , B and Lieber , CS . 1984 . “Decreased Hepatic Vitamin A After Drug Administration in Men and in Rats” . Am J Clin Nutr , 40 : 1131 – 1136 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burton , G and Ingold , K . 1984 . “β‐Carotene: An Unusual Type of Lipid Antioxidant” . Science , 224 : 569 – 573 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edes , TE , Thornton , W and Shah , J . 1989 . “β‐Carotene and Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase in the Rat: An Effect of β‐Carotene Independent of Vitamin A Activity” . J Nutr , 119 : 796 – 799 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Institute of Nutrition . 1977 . “Report of the American Institute of Nutrition Ad Hoc Committee on Standards for Nutritional Studies” . J Nutr , 107 : 1340 – 1348 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stohs , S , Grafstrom , R , Burke , M , Moldeus , P and Orrenius , S . 1976 . “The Isolation of Rat Intestinal Microsomes With Stable P‐450 and Their Metabolism of Benzo[a]pyrene” . Arch Biochem Biophys , 177 : 105 – 116 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nebert , D and Gelboin , H . 1969 . “The In Vivo and In Vitro Induction of Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase in Mammalian Cells of Different Species, Tissues, Strains, and Developmental and Hormonal States” . Arch Biochem Biophys , 134 : 76 – 89 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gornall , A , Bardawill , C and David , M . 1949 . “Determination of Serum Proteins by Means of a Biuret Reaction” . J Biol Chem , 177 : 751 – 766 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shapiro , SS , Mott , DJ and Machlin , LJ . 1984 . “Kinetic Characteristics of β‐Carotene Uptake and Depletion in Rat Tissue” . J Nutr , 114 : 1924 – 1933 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , KW , Lorr , NA and Yang , CS . 1984 . “Simultaneous Determination of Plasma Retinol, α‐Tocopherol, Lycopene, α‐Carotene, and β‐Carotene by High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography” . Anal Biochem , 138 : 340 – 345 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang , C and Kicha , L . 1978 . “A Direct Flourometric Assay of Benzo[a]pyrene Hydroxylase” . Anal Biochem , 84 : 154 – 163 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeMarchand , L , Yoshizawa , CN , Kolonel , LN , Hankin , JH and Goodman , MT . 1989 . “Vegetable Consumption and Lung Cancer Risk: A Population‐Based Case‐Control Study in Hawaii” . JNCI , 81 : 1158 – 1164 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaVeechia , C , Negri , E , Decarli , A , D'Avanzo , B Liberati , C . 1989 . “Dietary Factors in the Risk of Bladder Cancer” . Nutr Cancer , 12 : 93 – 101 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Franco , EL , Kowalski , LP , Oliveira , BV , Curado , MP Pereira , RN . 1989 . “Risk Factors for Oral Cancer in Brazil: A Case‐Control Study” . Int J Cancer , 43 : 992 – 1000 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodman , DS . 1984 . “Overview of Current Knowledge of Metabolism of Vitamin A and Carotenoids” . JNCI , 73 : 1375 – 1379 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menkes , M , Comstock , G , Vuilleumier , J , Helsing , K Rider , A . 1986 . “Serum β‐Carotene, Vitamins A and E, Selenium, and the Risk of Lung Cancer” . N Engl J Med , 315 : 1250 – 1254 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kune , GA , Kune , S , Watson , LF , Pierce , R Field , B . 1989 . “Serum Levels of β‐Carotene, Vitamin A, and Zinc in Male Lung Cancer Cases and Controls” . Nutr Cancer , 12 : 169 – 176 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar