Antiproliferative effect of carotenoids on human colon cancer cells without conversion to retinoic acid

References

• Ziegler , RG . 1989 . A review of epidemiological evidence that carotenoids reduce the risk of cancer . J Nutr , 119 : 116 – 122 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The α‐Tocopherol, β‐Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group . 1994 . The effect of vitamin E and β‐carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers . N Engl J Med , 330 : 1029 – 1035 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krinsky , NI . 1993 . “ Actions of carotenoids in cells and animals ” . In Vitamins and Cancer Prevention , Edited by: Bray , GA and Ryan , DH . 260 – 270 . Baton Rouge, LA : Louisiana State University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Muto , Y and Moriwaki , H . 1984 . Antitumor activity of vitamin A and its derivatives . JNCI , 73 : 1389 – 1393 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alam , BS and Alam , SQ . 1987 . The effect of different levels of dietary ß‐carotene on DMBA‐induced salivary gland tumors . Nutr Cancer , 9 : 93 – 101 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Seifter , E , Rettura , G and Levenson , SM . 1984 . Supplemental β‐carotene (BC): prophylactic action against 7,12‐dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) carcinogenesis (abstr) . Fed Proc , 43 : 662
   Google Scholar
• Murakoshi , M , Nishino , H , Satomi , Y , Takayasu , J Hasegawa , T . 1992 . Potent preventive action of α‐carotene against carcinogenesis: spontaneous liver carcinogenesis and promoting stage of lung and skin carcinogenesis in mice are suppressed more effectively by α‐carotene than by β‐carotene . Cancer Res , 52 : 6583 – 6587 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alabaster , O , Tang , Z‐C , Frost , A and Shivapurkar , N . 1995 . Effect of β‐carotene and wheat bran fiber on colonic aberrant crypt and tumor formation in rats exposed to azoxymethane and high dietary fat . Carcinogenesis , 16 : 127 – 132 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Temple , NJ and Basu , TK . 1987 . Protective effect of β‐carotene against colon tumors in mice . JNCI , 78 : 1211 – 1214 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shivapurkar , N , Tang , Z‐C , Frost , A and Alabaster , O . 1995 . Inhibition of progression of aberrant crypt foci and colon tumour development by vitamin E and β‐carotene in rats on a high‐risk diet . Cancer Lett , 91 : 125 – 132 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Komaki , C , Okuno , M , Onogi , N , Moriwaki , H Kawamori , T . 1996 . Synergistic suppression of azoxymethane‐induced foci of colonic aberrant crypts by the combination of β‐carotene and penila oil in rats . Carcinogenesis , 17 : 1897 – 1901 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krinsky , NI . 1982 . “ Photobiology of carotenoid protection ” . In The Science of Photomedicine , Edited by: Regan , JD and Parrish , JA . 397 – 403 . New York : Plenum .
   Google Scholar
• Burton , GW and Ingold , KU . 1984 . β‐Carotene: an unusual type of lipid antioxidant . Science , 224 : 569 – 573 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olson , JA . 1993 . Vitamin A and carotenoids as antioxidants in a physiological context . J Nutr Sci Vitaminol , 39 : S57 – S65 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krinsky , NI . 1991 . Effects of carotenoids in cellular and animal systems . Am J Clin Nutr , 53 : 238S – 246S .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katsumura , N , Okuno , M , Onogi , N , Moriwaki , H Muto , Y . 1996 . Suppression of mouse skin papilloma by canthaxanthin and β‐carotene in vivo: possibility of the regression of tumorigenesis by carotenoids without conversion to retinole acid . Nutr Cancer , 26 : 203 – 208 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Underwood , BA . 1984 . “ Vitamin A in animal and human nutrition ” . In The Retinoids, , 1st ed , Edited by: Sporn , MB , Roberts , AB and Goodman , DS . vol I , 281 – 392 . Orlando, FL : Academic .
   Google Scholar
• Mosmann , T . 1983 . Rapid colorimetrie assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays . J Immunol Methods , 65 : 55 – 63 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagaki , M , Muto , Y , Ohnishi , H and Moriwaki , H . 1991 . Significance of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) in the pathogene‐sis of fulminant hepatitis: possible involvement of serine protease in TNF‐mediated liver injury . J Gastroenterol , 26 : 448 – 455 .
   Google Scholar
• Chomczynski , P and Sacchi , N . 1987 . Single‐step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate‐phenol‐chloroform extraction . Anal Biochem , 162 : 156 – 159 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okuno , M , Caraveo , VE , Goodman , DS and Blaner , WS . 1995 . Regulation of adipocyte gene expression by retinole acid and hormones: effects on the gene encoding cellular retinol‐binding protein . J Lipid Res , 36 : 137 – 147 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blaner , WS and Olson , JA . 1994 . “ Retinol and retinoic acid metabolism ” . In The Retinoids. Biology, Chemistry, and Medicine, , 2nd ed , Edited by: Sporn , MB , Roberts , AB and Goodman , DS . 229 – 255 . New York : Raven .
   Google Scholar
• Olson , JA and Laksman , MR . 1990 . “ Carotenoid conversions ” . In Methods in Enzymology , Edited by: Parker , L . vol 189 , 425 – 432 . San Diego, CA : Academic .
   Google Scholar
• Gerber , LE and Simpson , KL . 1990 . “ Carotenoid cleavage: alternative pathways ” . In Methods in Enzymology , Edited by: Parker , L . vol 189 , 433 – 436 . San Diego, CA : Academic .
   Google Scholar
• Wang , X‐D , Krinsky , NI , Tang , G and Russell , RM . 1992 . Retinoic acid can be produced from eccentric cleavage of β‐carotene in human intestinal mucosa . Arch Biochem Biophys , 293 : 298 – 304 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scita , G , Aponte , GW and Wolf , G . 1992 . Uptake and cleavage of β‐carotene by cultures of rat small intestinal cells and human lung fibroblasts . J Nutr Biochem , 3 : 118 – 123 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sucov , HM , Murakami , KK and Evans , RM . 1990 . Characterization of an autoregulated response element in the mouse retinoic acid receptor type β gene . Proc Nati Acad Sci USA , 87 : 5392 – 5396 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hazuka , MB , Edwards‐Prasad , J , Newman , F , Kinzie , JJ and Prasad , KN . 1990 . β‐Carotene induces morphological differentiation and decreases adenylate cyclase activity in melanoma cells in culture . J Am Coll Nutr , 9 : 143 – 149 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , L‐X , Cooney , RV and Bertram , JS . 1991 . Carotenoids enhance gap junctional communication and inhibit lipid peroxidation in C3H/10T1/ 2 cells: relationship to their cancer chemopreventive action . Carcinogenesis , 12 : 2109 – 2114 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , LX , Cooney , RV and Bertram , JS . 1992 . Carotenoids increase con‐nexin43 gene expression independent of provitamin A or antioxidant properties (abstr) . Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res , 33 : 168
   Google Scholar
• Das , SK , Jia , TZ , Bandyopadhyay , AM and Banerjee , MR . 1992 . β‐Caro‐tene‐mediated inhibition of a DNA adduct induced by 7, 12‐dimethyl‐benz[a]anthracene and 7‐hydroxymethyl‐12‐methylbenz[α] anthracene in mouse mammary gland in vitro . Eur J Cancer , 28A : 1124 – 1129 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Muto , Y , Fujii , J , Shidoji , Y , Moriwaki , H Kawaguchi , T . 1995 . Growth retardation in human cervical dysplasia‐derived cell lines by β‐carotene through downregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor . Am J Clin Nutr , 62 : 1535S – 1540S .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsushima‐Nishiwaki , R , Shidoji , Y , Nishiwaki , S , Yamada , T Moriwaki , H . 1995 . Suppression by carotenoids of microcystin‐induced morphological changes in mouse hepatocytes . Lipids , 30 : 1029 – 1034 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar