Impact of weight loss, appetite, and the inflammatory response on quality of life in gastrointestinal cancer patients

References

• de Wys , WD , Beg , D and Lavin , FT . 1980 . Prognostic effect of weight loss prior to chemotherapy in cancer patients . Am J Med , 69 : 491 – 499 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yates , JW , Chalmer , B and McKegney , FP . 1980 . Evaluation of patients with advanced cancer using the Karnofsky performance status . Cancer , 45 : 2220 – 2224 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kern , KA and Norton , JA . 1988 . Cancer cachexia . J Parent Enterai Nutr , 12 : 286 – 298 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ovesen , L . 1994 . Anorexia in patients with cancer with special references on its association with early changes in food intake behaviour: chemotherapeutic treatment and adjuvant enterai nutrition . Int J Oncol , 5 : 889 – 899 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Mello , J , Struthers , L , Turner , R , Cooper , EH Giles , GR . 1983 . Multivariate analyses as aids to diagnosis and assessment of prognosis in gastrointestinal cancer . Br J Cancer , 48 : 341 – 348 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinstein , PS , Skinner , M , Sipe , JD , Lokich , JJ Zamcheck , N . 1984 . Acute‐phase proteins or tumour markers: the role of SAA, SAP, CRP and CEA as indicators of metastasis in a broad spectrum of neoplastic diseases . Scand J Immunol , 19 : 193 – 198 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falconer , JS , Fearon , KCH , Plester , CE , Ross , JA and Carter , DC . 1994 . Cytokines, the acute phase response, and resting energy expenditure in cachectic patients with pancreatic cancer . Ann Surg , 219 : 325 – 331 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMillan , DC , Preston , T , Fearon , KCH , Burns , HJG Slater , C . 1994 . Protein synthesis in cancer patients with an inflammatory response: investigations using [15N]glycine . Nutrition , 10 : 232 – 240 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preston , T , Fearon , KCH , McMillan , DC , Winstanley , FP Slater , C . 1995 . Effect of ibuprofen on the acute phase response and protein metabolism in patients with cancer and weight loss . Br J Surg , 82 : 229 – 234 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott , HR , McMillan , DC , Crilly , A , McArdle , CS and Milroy , R . 1996 . The relationship between weight loss and interleukin‐6 in non‐small cell lung cancer . Br J Cancer , 73 : 1560 – 1562 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wigmore , SJ , Plester , CE , Richardson , RA and Fearon , KCH . 1997 . Changes in nutritional status associated with unresectable pancreatic cancer . Br J Cancer , 75 : 106 – 109 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson , KA , Walsh , D and Sheehan , FA . 1994 . The cancer anorexia‐cachexia syndrome . J Clin Oncol , 12 : 213 – 225 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMillan , DC , Preston , T , Watson , WS , Simpson , JM Fearon , KCH . 1994 . The relationship between weight loss, reduction of body cell mass and the inflammatory response in cancer patients . Br J Surg , 81 : 1011 – 1014 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simopoulos , AP and Van Itallie , TB . 1984 . Body weight, health and longevity . Ann Intern Med , 100 : 285 – 295 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tchekmedyian , NS , Hickman , M , Siau , J , Greco , A and Aisner , J . 1990 . Treatment of cancer anorexia with megestrol acetate: impact on quality of life . Oncology , 4 : 185 – 192 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Raben , A , Tagliabue , A and Astrup , A . 1995 . The reproducibility of subjective appetite scores . Br J Nutr , 73 : 517 – 530 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heymsfield , SB , Tighe , A and Wang , ZM . 1994 . “ Nutritional assessment by anthropometric and biochemical methods ” . In Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, , 8th ed , Edited by: Shils , ME , Olson , JA and Shike , M . 816 – 841 . Philadelphia, PA : Lea & Febiger .
   Google Scholar
• McMillan , DC , Graham , AF , Smith , AF , Wotherspoon , HA Fearon , KCH . 1994 . Interleukin‐6, neutrophilia and the acute phase protein response in colorectal cancer patients . Eur J Surg Oncol , 20 : 151 – 154 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mor , V , Laliberte , L , Morris , JN and Weimann , M . 1984 . The Karnofsky performance status scale: an examination of its reliability and validity in a research setting . Cancer , 53 : 2002 – 2007 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The EuroQol Group . 1990 . EuroQol—a new facility for the measurement of health‐related quality of life . Health Policy , 16 : 199 – 208 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aaronson , NK , Ahmedzai , S , Bergman , B , Bullinger , M Cull , A . 1993 . The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ‐C30. A quality of life instrument for use in international clinical trials in oncology . JNCI , 85 : 365 – 376 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson , D , Milford Ward , A and Whicher , JT . 1992 . The value of acute phase protein measurements in clinical practice . Ann Clin Biochem , 29 : 123 – 131 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ovesen , L , Hannibal , J and Mortensen , EL . 1993 . The interrelationship of weight loss, dietary intake, and quality of life in ambulatory patients with cancer of the lung, breast and ovary . Nutr Cancer , 19 : 159 – 167 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wigmore , SJ , Falconer , JS , Plester , CE , Ross , JA Maingay , JP . 1995 . Ibuprofen reduces energy expenditure and acute phase protein production compared with placebo in pancreatic cancer patients . Br J Cancer , 72 : 185 – 188 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preston , T , Fearon , KCH , Robertson , I , East , BW and Calman , KC . 1987 . “ Tissue loss during severe wasting in lung cancer patients ” . In In Vivo Body Composition Studies , Edited by: Ellis , KJ , Yasumura , S and Morgan , WD . 60 – 69 . London : IPSM .
   Google Scholar
• McMillan , DC , O'Gorman , P , Fearon , KCH and McArdle , CS . 1997 . A pilot study of megestrol acetate and ibuprofen in the treatment of cachexia in gastrointestinal cancer patients . Br J Cancer , 76 : 788 – 790 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMillan , DC , Wigmore , SJ , Fearon , KCH , O'Gorman , P Wright , CE . in press . A prospective randomised study of megestrol acetate and ibuprofen in gastrointestinal cancer patients with weight loss . Br J Cancer. ,
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar