Papa pig just left for pigtown: Children's oral and written picture descriptions under varying instructions

References

• Beaugrande de , R. 1982 . “ Psychology and composition: Past, present, and future ” . In What writers know: The language, process, and structure of written discourse , Edited by: Nystrand , M. 211 – 267 . New York : Academic .
   Google Scholar
• Beaugrande de , R. 1983 . Linguistic and cognitive processes in developmental writing . International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching , 21 (2) : 125 – 144 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloomfield , L. 1933 . Language , New York : Holt .
   Google Scholar
• Chafe , W. and Danielewicz , J. 1987 . “ Properties of spoken and written language ” . In Comprehending oral and written language , Edited by: Horowitz , R. and Samuels , S. J. 83 – 116 . San Diego : Academic .
   Google Scholar
• Chafe , W. and Tannen , D. 1987 . The relationship between written and spoken language . Annual Review of Anthropology , 16 : 383 – 407 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erftweir , T. and Dyson , A. 1986 . “Oh ppbbt”: Differences between the oral and written persuasive strategies of school‐aged children . Discourse Processes , 9 : 91 – 114 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halliday , M. A. K. 1987 . “ Spoken and written modes of meaning ” . In Comprehending oral and written language , Edited by: Horowitz , R. and Samuels , S. J. 55 – 82 . San Diego : Academic .
   Google Scholar
• Hemphill , L. 1989 . Topic development, syntax, and social class . Discourse Processes , 3 : 267 – 286 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hidi , S. E. and Hildyard , A. 1983 . The comparison of oral and written productions in two discourse types . Discourse Processes , 6 : 91 – 105 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horowitz , R. and Davis , R. . Oral and written persuasive strategies used by second graders . Paper presented at the Third International Congress for the Study of Child Language sponsored by the University of Texas at Austin and the International Association for the Study of Child Language . Austin, TX. July ,
   Google Scholar
• Horowitz , R. and Samuels , S. J. 1987 . “ Comprehending oral and written language: Critical contrasts for literacy and schooling ” . In Comprehending oral and written language , Edited by: Horowitz , R. and Samuels , S. J. 1 – 54 . San Diego : Academic .
   Google Scholar
• Lakoff , R. 1982 . “ Some of my favorite writers are literate: The mingling of oral and literate strategies in written communication ” . In Spoken and written language: Exploring orality and literacy , Edited by: Tannen , D. 239 – 260 . Norwood, NJ : Ablex .
   Google Scholar
• Malakoff , M. 1988 . The effect of language of instruction on reasoning in bilingual children . Applied Psycholinguistics , 9 : 17 – 38 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michaels , S. 1981 . “Sharing time”: Children's narrative styles and differential access to literacy . Language in Society , 10 : 423 – 442 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michaels , S. and Collins , J. 1984 . “ Oral discourse styles: Classroom interaction and the acquisition of literacy ” . In Coherence in spoken and written discourse , Edited by: Tannen , D. 219 – 244 . Norwood, NJ : Ablex .
   Google Scholar
• Murphy , S. 1986 . Children's comprehension of deictic categories in oral and written language . Reading Research Quarterly , 21 (2) : 118 – 131 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olson , D. 1977 . Oral and written language and the cognitive processes of children . Journal of Communication , 27 : 1 – 4 . 10 – 26 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olson , D. 1980 . “ Some social aspects of meaning in oral and written language ” . In The social foundations of language and thought: Essays in honor of Jerome S. Bruner , Edited by: Olson , D. R. 90 – 108 . New York : Norton .
   Google Scholar
• Ong , W. J. 1982 . Orality and literacy: The technologizing of the word , New York : Methuen .
   Google Scholar
• Ricard , R. J. and Snow , C. E. 1990 . Language use in and out of context . Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology , 11 : 251 – 266 .
   Google Scholar
• Schley , S. and Snow , C. E. The conversational skills of school‐aged children , Social Development . (in press)
   Google Scholar
• Scinto , L. F. M. 1986 . Written language and psychological development , Orlando, FL : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Snow , C. E. 1983 . Literacy and language: Relationships during the preschool years . Harvard Educational Review , 53 : 165 – 189 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sulzby , E. 1986 . “ Writing and reading: Signs of oral and written language organization in the young child ” . In Emergent literacy: Writing and reading , Edited by: Teale , W. and Sulzby , E. Norwood, NJ : Ablex .
   Google Scholar
• Sulzby , E. “ The oral monologue as a form of emergent reading ” . In New directions in developing narrative structure , Edited by: McCabe , A. and Peterson , C. Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum . (in press)
   Google Scholar
• Tannen , D. 1982 . Oral and literate strategies in spoken and written narratives . Language , 58 : 1 – 21 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tannen , D. 1985 . “ Relative focus on involvement in oral and written discourse ” . In Literacy, language and learning , Edited by: Olson , D. R. , Torrance , N. and Hildyard , A. New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar