640
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Expressions and Projections of Evil in Mass Violence

&
Pages 859-874 | Received 06 Jun 2012, Accepted 15 Dec 2012, Published online: 17 Jul 2013

REFERENCES

  • Alexander , Jeffrey C. 2001 . “Toward a Sociology of Evil: Getting beyond Modernist Common Sense about the Alternative to ‘the Good’.” Pp. 153 – 172 in Rethinking Evil. Contemporary Perspectives , edited by M. P. Lara . Berkeley : University of California Press .
  • Alford , C. Fred . 1997 . What Evil Means to Us . Ithaca , NY and London : Cornell University Press .
  • Ames , Mark. 2007 . Going Postal. Rage, Murder and Rebellion in America . London : Snowbooks .
  • Arendt , Hannah. [1963] 2006 . Eichmann in Jerusalem. A Report on the Banality of Evil . New York : Penguin Books .
  • Baumeister , Roy. 1997 . Evil. Inside Human Violence and Cruelty . New York : Owl Books .
  • BBC . 2011 . “Norway police end Utoeya island search.” BBC News Europe, Retrieved June 5, 2011 (http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-14329167) .
  • Becker , Howard S. 1963 . Outsiders . New York : The Free Press .
  • Berrington , Eileen and Päivi Honkatukia . 2002 . “An Evil Monster and a Poor Thing: Female Violence in the Media.” Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention 3 : 50 – 72 .
  • Cullen , Dave. 2009 . Columbine . London : Old Street Publishing .
  • Delbanco , Andrew. 1995 . The Death of Satan. How Americans Have Lost the Sense of Evil . New York : Farrar, Straus and Giroux .
  • DeLisi , Matt. 2002. “The Columbine High School Massacre and Criminal Justice System Response: An Exploratory Case Study.” The Social Science Journal 39:19–29.
  • Douglas , Mary. 1992 . Risk and Blame: Essays in Cultural Theory . London : Routledge .
  • Eagleton , Terry. 2010 . On Evil . New Haven , CT and London : Yale University Press .
  • Farrall , Stephen , Jonathan Jackson , and Emily Gray . 2009 . Social Order and the Fear of Crime in Contemporary Times . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Fein , Albert H. and Nancy S. Isaacson . 2009 . “Echoes of Columbine: The Emotion Work of Leaders in School Shooting Sites.” American Behavioral Scientist 52 : 1327 – 1346 .
  • Fox , Cybelle and David J. Harding . 2005 . “School Shootings as Organizational Deviance.” Sociology of Education 78 : 69 – 97 .
  • Fullilove , Mindy T. , Gina Arias , Moises Nunez , Ericka Phillips , Peter McFarlane , Wallace Roderick , and Robert J. Fullilove . 2003 . “What Did Ian Tell God? School Violence in East New York.” Pp. 198 – 246 in Deadly Lessons: Understanding Lethal School Violence , edited by M. H. Moore , C. V. Petrie , A. A. Braga and B. L. McLaughlin . Washington , DC : The National Academics Press .
  • Furedi , Frank. 2004 . Therapy Culture. Cultivating Vulnerability in an Uncertain Age . London and New York : Routledge .
  • ——— . 2005 . Politics of Fear: Beyond Left and Right . London : Continuum .
  • Garland , David. 2001 . The Culture of Control: Crime and Social Order in Contemporary Society . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Gaylin , Williard. 2003 . Hatred. The Psychological Descent into Violence . New York : Public Affairs .
  • Girard , René. [1972] 1990 . La Violence et le Sacré . Paris : Hachette .
  • Girling , Evi , Ian Loader , and Richard Sparks . 2000 . Crime and Social Change in Middle England: Questions of Order in an English Town . London : Routledge .
  • Goffman , Erving. 1963 . Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity . Englewood Cliffs , New Jersey : Prentice-Hall .
  • Hjelm , Titus , Henrik Bogdan , Asbjørn Dyrendal , and Jesper Aagaard Petersen . 2009 . “Nordic Satanism and Satanism Scares: The Dark Side of the Secular Welfare State.” Social Compass 56 : 515 – 529 .
  • Hutchison , Emma and Roland Bleiker . 2008 . “Emotional Reconciliation. Reconstructing Identity and Community after Trauma.” European Journal of Social Theory 11 : 385 – 403 .
  • Jackson , Jonathan. 2004 . “Experience and Expression: Social and Cultural Significance in the Fear of Crime.” British Journal of Criminology 44 : 946 – 966 .
  • Kiilakoski , Tomi and Atte Oksanen . 2011a . “Soundtrack of the School Shootings: Cultural Script, Music and Male Rage.” Young: Nordic Journal of Youth Research 19 : 247 – 269 .
  • ——— . 2011b . “Cultural and Peer Influences on Homicidal Violence: A Finnish Perspective.” New Directions for Youth Development 33 ( 129 ): 31 – 42 .
  • Levin , Jack and Eric Madfis . 2009 . “Mass Murder at School and Cumulative Strain. A Sequential Model.” American Behavioral Scientist 52 : 1227 – 1245 .
  • Levinas , Emmanuel. 1998 . Of God Who Comes to Mind. Translated by Bettina Bergo . Stanford , CA : Stanford University Press .
  • Milgram , Stanley. 1974 . Obedience to Authority: An Experimental View . New York : Harper & Row .
  • Miller , Arthur G. 1999 . “Harming Other People: Perspectives on Evil and Violence.” Personality and Social Psychology Review 3 : 176 – 178 .
  • Muschert , Glenn W. 2007 . “Research in School Shootings.” Sociology Compass 1 : 60 – 80 .
  • Newman , Katherine and Cybelle Fox . 2009 . “Repeat Tragedy. Rampage Shootings in American High School and College Settings, 2002–2008.” American Behavioral Scientist 52 : 1286 – 1308 .
  • Newman , Katherine , Cybelle Fox , David Harding , Jal Mehta , and Wendy Roth . 2004 . Rampage. The Social Roots of School Shootings . New York : Basic Books .
  • North , Carol S. , Edward L. Spitznagel , and Elizabeth M. Smith . 2001 . “A Prospective Study of Coping after Exposure to a Mass Murder Episode.” Annals of Clinical Psychiatry 13 : 81 – 87 .
  • North , Carol S. , Vivia McCutcheon , Edward L. Spitznagel , and Elizabeth M. Smith . 2002 . “Three-Year Follow-up of Survivors of a Mass Shooting Episode.” Journal of Urban Health 79 : 383 – 391 .
  • Nurmi , Johanna , Pekka Räsänen , and Atte Oksanen . 2012 . “The Norm of Solidarity: Experiencing Negative Aspects of Community Life after a School Shooting Tragedy.” Journal of Social Work 12 : 300 – 319 .
  • Oksanen , Atte , Pekka Räsänen , Johanna Nurmi , and Kauri Lindström . 2010 . “‘This Can't Happen Here!’ Community Reactions to School Shootings in Finland.” Research on Finnish Society 3 : 19 – 27 .
  • Pittaro , Michael L. 2007. “School Violence and Social Control Theory: An Evaluation of the Columbine Massacre.” International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences 2:1–12.
  • Praeg , Leonhard. 2010 . “Of Evil and Other Figures of the Liminal.” Theory, Culture & Society 27 : 107 – 134 .
  • Ryan , John and James Hawdon . 2008 . “From Individual to Community: The ‘Framing’ of 4–16 and the Display of Social Solidarity.” Traumatology 14 : 43 – 51 .
  • Schwarz , Eitan D. , Janice M. Kowalski , and Richard J. McNally . 1993 . “Malignant Memories: Post-Traumatic Changes in Memory of Adults after a School Shooting.” Journal of Traumatic Stress 6 : 545 – 553 .
  • Seltzer , Mark. 1998 . Serial Killers. Death and Life in America's Wound Culture . New York and London : Routledge .
  • Silver , Cohen Roxane , Alison E. Holman , Daniel N. McIntosh , Michael Poulin , and Virginia Gil-Rivas . 2002 . “Nationwide Longitudinal Study of Psychological Responses to September 11.” JAMA, the Journal of the American Medical Association 288 : 1235 – 1244 .
  • Staub , Ervin. 1989 . The Roots of Evil. Origins of Genocide and Other Group Violence . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Svendsen , Lars. 2008 . A Philosophy of Fear. Translated by John Irons . London : Reaktion Books .
  • ——— . 2010 . A Philosophy of Evil. Translated by Kerri A. Pierce . Champaign , IL and London : Dalkey Archive Press .
  • Sumiala , Johanna. 2010 . “Circulating Communities Online: The Case of the Kauhajoki School Shooting.” M/C Journal, A Journal of Media and Culture 14 ( 2 ). Retrieved October 30, 2012 from (http://journal.media-culture.org.au/index.php/mcjournal/article/viewArticle/321)
  • Waller , James. 2007 . Becoming Evil. How Ordinary People Commit Genocide and Mass Killing. , 2nd ed. Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Zimbardo , Philip. 2008 . The Lucifer Effect. Understanding How Good People Turn Evil . New York : Random House .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.