Police Enforcement of Street Prostitution as a Quality-of-Life Offense: New York City, United States, and Frankfurt am Main, Germany

References

• Andrews, Tom. 2012. “What Is Social Constructionism?” Grounded Theory Review: An International Journal II (1):39–46.
   Google Scholar
• Berger, T. and T. Luckmann. 1991. The Social Construction of Reality. London: Penguin Books.
   Google Scholar
• Blumer, Herbert. 1969. Symbolic Interactionism: Perspectives and Method. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Braga, A. and B. Bond. 2008. “Policing Crime and Disorder Hot Spots: A Randomized Controlled Trial.” Criminology 46 (3):577–607. doi: 10.1111/crim.2008.46.issue-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burr, Vivien. 2003. Social Constructionism. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, Bernard. 1980. Deviant Street Networks. Lexington, MA.: Lexington Books.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, Bernard. 1999. “Police Enforcement of Quality-Of-Life Offending: A Critique.” Pp. 107–34 in Advances in Criminological Theory: The Criminology of Criminal Law, Vol. 8, edited by W. Laufer and F. Adler. New Brunswick: Transaction Books.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, Bernard. 2002. “Civil Order Crime.” Pp. 236–41 in Crime and Punishment, edited by David Levinson. Massachusetts: Berkshire Publishing Company. Great Barrington.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, Bernard, James Allen Fox, and Marvin E. Wolfgang. 1996. The Memphis and Shelby Crime Report. Boston: Northeastern University.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, Bernard, James Allen Fox, and Marvin E. Wolfgang. 1997. The Memphis and Shelby Crime Report: 1997 Update. Boston: Northeastern University.
   Google Scholar
• Foucault, Michel. 1979. Discipline and Punish, Trans. Alan Sheridan. New York: Vintage Books.
   Google Scholar
• Harcourt, Bernard, E. 1998. “Reflecting on the Subject: A Critique of the Social Influence Conception of Deterrence, the Broken Windows Theory, and Order Maintenance Policing New York Style.” Michigan Law Review 97 (2):291–389. doi: 10.2307/1290289.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harcourt, Bernard, E. 2001. Illusion of Order: The False Promise of Broken Windows Policing. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Innes, Martin. 2004. “Signal Crimes and Signal Disorders: Notes on Deviance as Communicative Action.” The British Journal of Criminology 55 (3):335–55.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• John, Eligon. Nov. 27. 2010. “City Is Held in Contempt on Loitering.” The New York Times, P. 21.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, Robert. August 10, 1997. “The Puzzle Waiting for the New Chief,” Los Angeles Times. B1.
   Google Scholar
• Larsen, E. 1996. “The Effect of Different Police Enforcement Policies on the Control of Prostitution.” Canadian Public Policy 22 (1):40–55. doi: 10.2307/3551748.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Logan, John and Brian Stults. 2011. The Persistence of Segregation in the Metropolis, New Findings Project US. 2010. Providence, Rhode Island: Brown University.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, Eleanor, M. 1986. Street Woman. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
   Google Scholar
• O’Brien, D. T., Robert J. Sampson, and Christopher Winship. 2015. “Ecometrics in the Age of Big Data: Measuring and Assessing Broken Windows Using Large-Scale Administrative Records.” Sociological Methodology 45 (1):101–47. doi: 10.1177/0081175015576601.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Open House, New York. “Hunts Point Produce Market: Tour Recap.” June 14, 2015. New York. [email protected]
   Google Scholar
• Park, Robert E., Ernest W. Burgess, and Roderick D. Mckenzie. 1925. The City. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sampson, Robert, J. and Stephen W. Raudenbush. 2004. “Seeing Disorder: Neighborhood Stigma and Social Construction of “Broken Windows.” Social Psychology Quarterly 67 (4):319–42. doi: 10.1177/019027250406700401.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherman, L. 1990. “Police Crackdowns: Initial and Residual Deterrence.” Crime and Justice 12:1–48. doi: 10.1086/449163.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherman, L. 1992. “Attacking Crime: Police Crime Control.” Crime and Justice !5:159–230. doi: 10.1086/449195.
   Google Scholar
• Sherman, L. 2013. “The Rise of Evidence-Based Policing: Targeting, Testing, and Tracking.” Crime and Justice 42 (1):377–451. doi: 10.1086/670819.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skogan, Westley, G. 1990. Disorder and Decline: Crime and the Spiral of Decay in American Neighborhood. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Statistsches Jahrbuch Frankfurt am Main. 2014. Stadt Frankfurt am Main, Der Magistrat. Burgeramt. Statistik und Wahlen (ED.): Frankfurt am Main.
   Google Scholar
• Suttles, Gerald, D. 1968. The Social Order of the Slum: Ethnicity and Territory in the Inner City. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Thrasher, Frederic, M. 1927. The Gang: A Study of 1313 Gangs in Chicago. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Weisburd, D. and J. Eck. 2004. “What Can Police Do to Reduce Crime, Disorder, and Fear?” Annals of American Academy of Political and Social Science 59 (3):42–65. doi: 10.1177/0002716203262548.
   Google Scholar
• Weisburd, David, Joshua Hinkle, C. Braga, and Anthony A Wooditch. 2015. “Understanding the Mechanisms Underlying Broken Windows Policing: The Need for More Evidence.” Journal of Research on Crime and Delinquency 52 (4):589–608. doi: 10.1177/0022427815577837.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weitzer, Ronald. 2006. Race and Policing in America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Weitzer, Ronald. 2012. Legalizing Prostitution: From Illicit Vice to Lawful Business. New York: NYU Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, James, Q. and George L. Kelling. 1982. “Broken Windows: Police and Neighborhood Safety.” Atlantic Monthly 249 (3):29–38.
   Google Scholar
• Winick, Charles and Paul M. Kinsie. 1971. The Lively Commerce. Chicago: Quadrangle Books.
   Google Scholar