Are Prisoners More Psychopathic than Non-forensic Populations? Profiling Psychopathic Traits among Prisoners, Community Adults, University Students, and Adolescents

References

• Akaike, Hirotugu. 1987. “Factor Analysis and AIC.” Selected Papers of Hirotugu Akaike 52 (3):317–32. doi:10.1007/BF02294359.
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. 2013. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5®). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Pub.
   Google Scholar
• Bate, Carolyn, Daniel Boduszek, Katie Dhingra, and Christopher Bale. 2014. “Psychopathy, Intelligence and Emotional Responding in a Non-forensic Sample: An Experimental Investigation.” The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology 25 (5):600–12. doi:10.1080/14789949.2014.943798.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boduszek, Daniel and Agata Debowska. 2016. “Critical Evaluation of Psychopathy Measurement (PCL-R and SRP-III/SF) and Recommendations for Future Research.” Journal of Criminal Justice 44:1–12. doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2015.11.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boduszek, Daniel, Agata Debowska, and Dominic Willmott. 2017. “Latent Profile Analysis of Psychopathic Traits among Homicide, General Violent, Property, and White-collar Offenders.” Journal of Criminal Justice 51:17–23. doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2017.06.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boduszek, Daniel, Agata Debowska, and Dominic Willmott. 2018. “Psychopathic Personality Traits Model (PPTM): A New Approach to Defining Psychopathy.” Pp. 216–24 in Matt DeLisi (Ed.), Routledge International Handbook of Psychopathy and Crime. New York, NY: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
   Google Scholar
• Boduszek, Daniel, Agata Debowska, Katie Dhingra, and Matt DeLisi. 2016a. “Introduction and Validation of Psychopathic Personality Traits Scale (PPTS) in a Large Prison Sample.” Journal of Criminal Justice 46:9–17. doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2016.02.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boduszek, Daniel, Agata Debowska, Nicole Sherretts, and Dominic Willmott. 2018. “Psychopathic Personality Traits Scale (PPTS): Construct Validity of the Instrument in a Sample of US Prisoners.” Frontiers in Psychology 9. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01596.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boduszek, Daniel, Katie Dhingra, Philip Hyland, and Agata Debowska. 2016b. “A Bifactorial Solution to the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version in A Sample of Civil Psychiatric Patients.” Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health 26 (3):174–85. doi:10.1002/cbm.1956.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buzina, Nadica. 2012. “Psychopathy–Historical Controversies and New Diagnostic Approach.” Psychiatria Danubina 24 (2):134–42. (https://hrcak.srce.hr/106215).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, Jacob. 1988. Statistical Power Analysis for the Social Sciences. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Cooke, David J. and Christine Michie. 2001. “Refining the Construct of Psychopathy: Towards a Hierarchical Model.” Psychological Assessment 13 (2):171. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.13.2.171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Fruyt, Filip and Barbara De Clercq. 2014. “Antecedents of Personality Disorder in Childhood and Adolescence: Toward an Integrative Developmental Model.” Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 10:449–76. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153634.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Debowska, Agata, Daniel Boduszek, Katie Dhingra, Nicole Sherretts, Dominic Willmott, and Matt DeLisi. 2018. “Can We Use Hare’s Psychopathy Model within Forensic and Non-forensic Populations? an Empirical Investigation.” Deviant Behavior 39 (2):224–42. doi:10.1080/01639625.2016.1266887.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Decety, Jean and Kalina J. Michalska. 2010. “Neurodevelopmental Changes in the Circuits Underlying Empathy and Sympathy from Childhood to Adulthood.” Developmental Science 13 (6):886–99. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00940.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edens, John F., Jennifer L. Skeem, Keith R. Cruise, and Elizabeth Cauffman. 2001. “Assessment of “juvenile Psychopathy” and Its Association with Violence: A Critical Review.” Behavioral Sciences & the Law 19 (1):53–80. doi:10.1002/bsl.425.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frick, Paul J. 2007. “Using the Construct of Psychopathy to Understand Antisocial and Violent Youth.” Pp. 343–67 in Hugues Herve & John C. Yuille (Eds.), The Psychopath: Theory, Research, and Practice. New York, NY: Routledge
   Google Scholar
• Hare, Robert D. 1980. “A Research Scale for the Assessment of Psychopathy in Criminal Populations.” Personality and Individual Differences 1 (2):111–19. doi:10.1016/0191-8869(80)90028-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hare, Robert D. 1991. The Hare Psychopathy Checklist-revised: Manual. Toronto: Multi-Health Systems, Incorporated.
   Google Scholar
• Hare, Robert D. 2003. The Hare Psychopathy Checklist-revised. 2: Manual. Toronto: Multi-Health Systems, Incorporated.
   Google Scholar
• Hare, Robert D. and Craig S. Neumann. 2008. “Psychopathy as a clinical and empirical construct.” Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 4:217–246. doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091452.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lilienfeld, Scott O. and Hal Arkowitz. 2007. “What “Psychopath” Means.” Scientific American Mind 18 (6):80–81. doi:10.1038/scientificamericanmind1207-80.
   Google Scholar
• Lo, Yungtai, Nancy R. Mendell, and Donald B. Rubin. 2001. “Testing the Number of Components in a Normal Mixture.” Biometrika 88 (3):767–78. doi:10.1093/biomet/88.3.767.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcus, Robert F. 2017. The Development of Aggression and Violence in Adolescence. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Nylund, Karen L., Tihomir Asparouhov, and Bengt O. Muthén. 2007. “Deciding on the Number of Classes in Latent Class Analysis and Growth Mixture Modeling: A Monte Carlo Simulation Study.” Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal 14 (4):535–69. doi:10.1080/10705510701575396.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogloff, James RP. 2006. “Psychopathy/antisocial Personality Disorder Conundrum.” Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 40 (6–7):519–28. doi:10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01834.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patrick, Christopher J. 2007. “Back to the Future: Cleckley as a Guide to the Next Generation of Psychopathy Research.” Pp. 605–17 in Handbook of Psychopathy, edited by C. Patrick. New York: Guilford Press,
   Google Scholar
• Patrick, Christopher J and Laura E. Drislane. 2015. “Antisocial Personality Disorder and Psychopathy.” Pp. 681–706 in Oxford Textbook of Psychopathology, edited by P. H. Blaney, R. F. Krueger, and T. Millon. New York, NY: Oxford University Press,
   Google Scholar
• Patrick, Christopher J., Brian M. Hicks, Penny E. Nichol, and Robert F. Krueger. 2007. “A Bifactor Approach to Modeling the Structure of the Psychopathy Checklist-revised.” Journal of Personality Disorders 21 (2):118–41. doi:10.1521/pedi.2007.21.2.118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramaswamy, Venkatram, Wayne S. DeSarbo, David J. Reibstein, and William T. Robinson. 1993. “An Empirical Pooling Approach for Estimating Marketing Mix Elasticities with PIMS Data.” Marketing Science 12 (1):103–24. doi:10.1287/mksc.12.1.103.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers, Richard. 1995. Diagnostic and Structured Interviewing: A Handbook for Psychologists. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
   Google Scholar
• Schwarz, Gideon. 1978. “Estimating the Dimension of a Model.” The Annals of Statistics 6 (2):461–64. (http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.aos/1176344136).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sclove, Stanley L. 1987. “Application of Model-selection Criteria to Some Problems in Multivariate Analysis.” Psychometrika 52 (3):333–43. doi:10.1007/BF02294360.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharratt, Kathryn, Daniel Boduszek, and Christopher Retzler. 2019. “Clarifying the Relationship between Psychopathy and Intelligence Using Four Dimensions of the WASI-II.” Deviant Behavior 1–9. doi:10.1080/01639625.2019.1582968.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shevlin, Mark and Ask Elklit. 2008. “A Latent Class Analysis of Adolescent Adverse Life Events Based on A Danish National Youth Probability Sample.” Nordic Journal of Psychiatry 62 (3):218–24. doi:10.1080/08039480801983992.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skeem, Jennifer L. and David J. Cooke. 2010a. “Is Criminal Behavior a Central Component of Psychopathy? Conceptual Directions for Resolving the Debate.” Psychological Assessment 22 (2):433–45. doi:10.1037/a0008512.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skeem, Jennifer L. and David J. Cooke. 2010b. “One Measure Does Not a Construct Make: Directions toward Reinvigorating Psychopathy Research—Reply to Hare and Neumann (2010).” Psychological Assessment 22 (2):455–59. doi:10.1037/a0014862.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodworth, Michael and Stephen Porter. 2002. “In Cold Blood: Characteristics of Criminal Homicides as a Function of Psychopathy.” Journal of Abnormal Psychology 111 (3):436–45. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.111.3.436.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan, Ke-Hai and Peter M. Bentler. 2000. “Three Likelihood-based Methods for Mean and Covariance Structure Analysis with Nonnormal Missing Data.” Sociological Methodology 30 (1):165–200. doi:10.1111/0081-1750.00078.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar