A Comparison between Indoor and Outdoor Rape Suspects in Sweden

References

• Adamson, Göran. 2020. “Migrants and Crime in Sweden in the Twenty-First Century.” Society 57 (1):9–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahlberg, Jan. 1996. Invandrares Och Invandrares Barns Brottslighet - En Statistisk Analys [Immigrants and Children of Immigrants in Crime - a Statistical Analysis]. Stockholm: Brottsförebyggande rådet [National Council for Crime Prevention].
   Google Scholar
• Andersen, LH and T Tranæs. 2013. Etniske Minoriteters Overrepresæntasjon I Strafferetlige Domme [The Overrepresentation of Ethnic Minorities in Sentencing]. Odense: Syddansk Universitetsforlag.
   Google Scholar
• Andersen, SN, B Holtsmark, and SB Mohn. 2017. Kriminalitet Blant Innvandrere Og Norskfødte Med Innvandrerforeldre: En Analyse Av Registerdata for Perioden 1992-2015 [Crime among Immigrants and Children of Immigrants in Norway: An Analysis of Registred Data for the Period 1992-2015]. Oslo: Statistics Norway.
   Google Scholar
• Blokland, Arjan and Patrick Lussier. 2015. “The Criminal Career Paradigm and Its Relevance to Studying Sex Offenders.” Pp. 1–21, in Sex Offenders: A Criminal Career Approach, edited by A. Blokland and P. Lussier. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• BRÅ. 2019a. Våldtäkt Och Sexualbrott [Rape and Sexual Crime]. Stockholm: National Council for Crime Prevention. Retrieved June 3, 2019 (https://www.bra.se/statistik/statistik-utifran-brottstyper/valdtakt-och-sexualbrott.html).
   Google Scholar
• BRÅ. 2019b. Rape and Sexual Offences. Stockholm: National Council for Crime Prevention. Retrieved June 3rd, 2019 (https://www.bra.se/bra-in-english/home/crime-and-statistics/rape-and-sex-offences.html).
   Google Scholar
• BRÅ. 2019c. Indikatorer På Sexualbrottsutvecklingen 2005–2017 [Indicators of the Development of Sexual Crimes 2005–2017]. Stockholm: Brottsförebyggande rådet. Retrieved December 21, 2019 (https://www.bra.se/download/18.62c6cfa2166eca5d70e1919f/1565079287510/2019_5_Indikatorer_%20pa_sexualbrottsutvecklingen_2005_2017.pdf).
   Google Scholar
• Brody, Richard G and Kent A Kiehl. 2010. “From White‐Collar Crime to Red‐Collar Crime.” Journal of Financial Crime 17 (3):351–64.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cale, Jesse. 2015. “Antisocial Trajectories in Youth and the Onset of Adult Criminal Careers in Sexual Offenders of Children and Women.” Pp.143–170, in Sex Offenders: A Criminal Career Approach, edited by A. Blokland and P. Lussier. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Ceccato, Vania. 2014. “The Nature of Rape Places.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 40:97–107.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ceccato, Vania, Li Guangquan, and Robert Haining. 2019. “The Ecology of Outdoor Rape: The Case of Stockholm, Sweden.” European Journal of Criminology 16 (2):210–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornell, Dewey G. 1990. “Prior Adjustment of Violent Juvenile Offenders.” Law and Human Behavior 14 (6):569–77.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeGue, Sarah, Linda Anne Valle, Melissa K. Holt, Greta M. Massetti, Jennifer L. Matjasko, and Andra Teten Tharp. 2014. “A Systematic Review of Primary Prevention Strategies for Sexual Violence Perpetration.” Aggression and Violent Behavior 19 (4):346–62. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2014.05.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeLisi, Matt. 2015. “Mayhem by Occupation: On the Relevance of Criminal Careers to Sexual Homicide Offenders.” Pp. 219–229,  in Sex Offenders: A Criminal Career Approach, edited by A. Blokland and P. Lussier. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• El-Kak, Faysal. 2013. “Sexuality and Sexual Health: Constructs and Expressions in the Extended Middle East and North Africa.” Vaccine 31:G45–G50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ercevik Amado, Liz. 2004. “Sexual and Bodily Rights as Human Rights in the Middle East and North Africa.” Reproductive Health Matters 12 (23):125–28.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Government, Swedish. 2020. The Swedish Criminal Code. Stockholm: Swedish Government. Retrieved November 16, 2020 (https://www.government.se/4a8349/contentassets/7a2dcae0787e465e9a2431554b5eab03/the-swedish-criminal-code.pdf).
   Google Scholar
• Häkkänen, Helinä, Petri Lindlöf, and Pekka Santtila. 2004. “Crime Scene Actions and Offender Characteristics in a Sample of Finnish Stranger Rapes.” Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling 1 (1):17–32.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, Gordon C Nagayama and Richard Hirschman. 1991. “Toward A Theory of Sexual Aggression: A Quadripartite Model.” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 59 (5):662.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hendriks, Jan, Chantal Van Den Berg, and Catrien Bijleveld. 2015. “Criminal Careers for Different Juvenile Sex Offender Subgroups.” Pp. 71–92, in Sex Offenders: A Criminal Career Approach, edited by A. Blokland and P. Lussier. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Hostetter, Jenny, Åsa Nilsson, and Tommy Pherson. 2017. Hur Gör Jag? En Praktisk Lärarhandledning För Srhr På Sfi [How Do I? A Practical Teacher’s Guide for Srhr at Sfi]. Gothenburg: SRHR. Retrieved February 9, 2021 (https://www.srhr.se/sites/default/files/Hur%20go%CC%88r%20jag_0.pdf).
   Google Scholar
• Jennings, Wesley G., Alex R. Piquero, Franklin E. Zimring, and Jennifer M. Reingle. 2015. “Assessing the Continuity of Sex Offending over the Life Course: Evidence from Two Large Birth Cohort Studies.” Pp. 129–142, in Sex Offenders: A Criminal Career Approach, edited by A. Blokland and P. Lussier. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Khoshnood, Ardavan and Marie Väfors Fritz. 2017. “Offender Characteristics: A Study of 23 Violent Offenders in Sweden.” Deviant Behavior 38 (2):141–53.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khoshnood, Ardavan, Henrik Ohlsson, Jan Sundqvist, and Kristina Sundqvist. 2019a. “Swedish Rape Offenders – A Latent Class Analysis. ”Forensic Sciences Research.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Khoshnood, Ardavan, Henrik Ohlsson, Jan Sundqvist, and Kristina Sundqvist. 2019b. “Profiling Deadly Violence in Sweden – A Latent Class Analysis. ”International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 71: Article number  101603.
   Google Scholar
• Killias, Martin. 1997. “Immigrants, Crime, and Criminal Justice in Switzerland.” Crime and Justice 21:375–405.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langevin, Ron and Lorraine Handy. 1987. “Stranger Homicide in Canada: A National Sample and A Psychiatric Sample.” Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology 78:398.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Långström, N., G. Sjöstedt, and M. Grann. 2004. “Psychiatric Disorders and Recidivism in Sexual Offenders.” Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 16 (2):139–50. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/107906320401600204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lussier, Patrick and Jesse Cale. 2013. “Beyond Sexual Recidivism: A Review of the Sexual Criminal Career Parameters of Adult Sex Offenders.” Aggression and Violent Behavior 18 (5):445–57.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lussier, Patrick and Garth Davies. 2015. “Offending Trajectory and Residual Offending of Adult Sex Offenders: A Person‐Oriented Approach to Risk Prediction.” Pp. 289–320, in Sex Offenders: A Criminal Career Approach, edited by A. Blokland and P. Lussier. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Lussier, Patrick, Evan McCuish, and Jesse Cale. 2020. Understanding Sexual Offending: An Evidence-Based Response to Myths and Misconceptions. Cham: Springer Nature.
   Google Scholar
• Maier, Shana L. 2008. “Rape Victim Advocates’ Perception of the Influence of Race and Ethnicity on Victims’ Responses to Rape.” Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice 6 (4):303–34. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15377930802533530.
   Google Scholar
• Marshall, William L. 1989. “Intimacy, Loneliness and Sexual Offenders.” Behaviour Research and Therapy 27 (5):491–504.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martens, Peter and Stina Holmberg. 2005. Brottslighet Bland Personer Födda I Sverige Och I Utlandet [Crime Amongst Persons Born in Sweden and outside of Sweden]. Stockholm: Brottsförebyggande rådet [National Council for Crime Prevention].
   Google Scholar
• Martin, Elaine K, Casey T Taft, and Patricia A Resick. 2007. “A Review of Marital Rape.” Aggression and Violent Behavior 12 (3):329–47.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Messner, Steven F and Richard Rosenfeld. 1999. “Social Structure and Homicide.” Pp. 27–41 in Homicide: A Sourcebook of Social Research, edited by M. D. Smith and M. A. Zahn. Thousand Oaks: SAGE,
   Google Scholar
• Mokros, Andreas and Laurence J Alison. 2002. “Is Offender Profiling Possible? Testing the Predicted Homology of Crime Scene Actions and Background Characteristics in a Sample of Rapists.” Legal and Criminological Psychology 7 (1):25–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagel, Barbara, Hisako Matsuo, Kevin P McIntyre, and Nancy Morrison. 2005. “Attitudes toward Victims of Rape: Effects of Gender, Race, Religion, and Social Class.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 20 (6):725–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prentky, Robert A and Raymond A Knight. 1991. “Identifying Critical Dimensions for Discriminating among Rapists.” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 59 (5):643.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pridemore, William Alex. 2006. “An Exploratory Analysis of Homicide Victims, Offenders, and Events in Russia.” International Criminal Justice Review 16 (1):5–23.
   Google Scholar
• Reale, Kylie, Evan McCuish, and Raymond Corrado. 2020. “The Impact of Juvenile Sex Offending on the Adult Criminal Career.” Sexual Abuse 32 (4):400–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salfati, C Gabrielle and David V Canter. 1999. “Differentiating Stranger Murders: Profiling Offender Characteristics from Behavioral Styles.” Behavioral Sciences & the Law 17 (3):391–406.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santtila, Pekka, Jenny Junkkila, and N Kenneth Sandnabba. 2005. “Behavioural Linking of Stranger Rapes.” Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling 2 (2):87–103.
   Google Scholar
• Scully, Diana. 2013. Understanding Sexual Violence: A Study of Convicted Rapists. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Scully, Diana and Joseph Marolla. 1983. Incarcerated Rapists: Exploring a Sociological Model. Maryland: Department of Health and Human Services Rockville.
   Google Scholar
• Scully, Diana and Joseph Marolla. 1985. “Riding the Bull at Gilley’s: Convicted Rapists Describe the Rewards of Rape.” Social Problems 32 (3):251–63.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skardhamar, Torbjørn, Mikko Aaltonen, and Martti Lehti. 2014. “Immigrant Crime in Norway and Finland.” Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention 15 (2):107–27.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, A. D. and P. J. Taylor. 1999. “Serious Sex Offending against Women by Men with Schizophrenia. Relationship of Illness and Psychotic Symptoms to Offending.” The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science 174:233–37. doi:https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.174.3.233.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sommers, Samuel R. 2007. “Race and the Decision Making of Juries.” Legal and Criminological Psychology 12 (2):171–87.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stiernströmer, Emelie, Marie Väfors-Fritz, Caroline Mellgren, and Ardavan Khoshnood. 2019. “Characteristics of Convicted Male-on-Female Rapists in the South of Sweden between 2013 and 2018: A Pilot Study. ”Forensic Sciences Research 5: 126–133.
   Google Scholar
• Thakker, Jo and Tony Ward. 2015. “Criminal Career Features in Theories of Sexual Offending.” Pp. 23–42, in Sex Offenders: A Criminal Career Approach, edited by A. Blokland and P. Lussier. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Ullman, Sarah. 1998. “Does Offender Violence Escalate When Rape Victims Fight Back?” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 13 (2):179–92. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/088626098013002001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaughn, Michael G, Matt DeLisi, Kevin M Beaver, and Matthew O Howard. 2009. “Multiple Murder and Criminal Careers: A Latent Class Analysis of Multiple Homicide Offenders.” Forensic Science International 183 (1–3):67–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar