3,230
Views
26
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Phylogeny, systematics and taxonomy

The Plecoptera – who are they? The problematic placement of stoneflies in the phylogenetic system of insects

Pages 181-194 | Received 30 Oct 2008, Accepted 01 Dec 2008, Published online: 24 Nov 2009

References

  • Béthoux , O. 2005 . ‘Wing venation pattern of Plecoptera (Insecta: Neoptera)’ . Illiesia , 1 : 52 – 81 .
  • Beutel , R. G. and Gorb , S. N. 2006 . ‘A revised interpretation of the evolution of attachment structures in Hexapoda with special emphasis on Mantophasmatodea’ . Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny , 64 : 3 – 25 .
  • Bitsch , J. and Ramond , S. 1970 . ‘Étude du squélette et de la musculature prothoraciques d'Embia ramburi R.-K. (Insecta Embioptera). Comparaison avec la structure du prothorax des autres Polynéoptères et des Aptérygotes’ . Zoologisches Jahrbuch Anatomie , 87 : 63 – 93 .
  • Brinck , P. 1949 . ‘Studies on Swedish stoneflies (Plecoptera)’ . Opuscula Entomologica , : 1 – 250 .
  • Brinck , P. 1956 . ‘Reproductive system and mating in Plecoptera’ . Opuscula Entomologica , 21 : 57 – 127 .
  • Burmeister , H. C.C. 1839 . Handbuch der Entomologie (Plecoptera: Vol. 2) , 863 – 881 . Berlin : T.C.F. Enslin .
  • Carapelli , A. , Liò , P. , Nardi , F. , Wath , E. V.D. and Frati , F. 2007 . ‘Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial protein coding genes confirms the reciprocal paraphyly of Hexapoda and Crustacea’ . BMC Evolutionary Biology , 7 ( Suppl. l2 ) S8, 1–13
  • Cranston , P. S. and Gullan , P. J. 2003 . “ ‘Phylogeny of insects’ ” . In Encyclopedia of Insects , Edited by: Resh , V. H. and Cardé , R. 882 – 898 . Amsterdam : Academic Press .
  • Denis , R. 1949 . “ ‘Ordre des Embioptères’ ” . In Traité de Zoologie Anatomie, Systématique, Biologie , Edited by: Grassé , P.-P. Vol. 9 , 744 Paris : Masson et Cie .
  • Flook , P. K. and Rowell , C. H.F. 1998 . ‘Inferences about orthopteroid phylogeny and molecular evolution from small subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences’ . Insect Molecular Biology , 7 : 163 – 178 .
  • Grimaldi , D. and Engel , M. S. 2005 . Evolution of the Insects , New York : Cambridge University Press .
  • Günther , K. K. 2005 . “ ‘11. Ordnung Embioptera, Tarsenspinner, Spinnfüßer, Embien’ ” . In Lehrbuch der Speziellen Zoologie, Band I: Wirbellose Tiere, 5. Teil Insecta , Edited by: Dathe , H. H. Heidelberg , , Berlin : Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, 2nd ed . corrected new printing, pp. 167–172
  • Haas , F. 2006 . ‘Evidence from Folding and Functional Lines of Wings on Inter-ordinal Relationships in Pterygota’ . Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny , 64 : 149 – 158 .
  • Haas , F. and Kukalová-Peck , J. 2001 . ‘Dermaptera hindwing structure and folding: New evidence for familial, ordinal and superordinal relationships within Neoptera (Insecta)’ . European Journal of Entomology , 98 : 445 – 509 .
  • Hassanin , A. 2006 . ‘Phylogeny of Arthropoda inferred from mitochondrial sequences: Strategies for limiting the misleading effects of multiple changes in pattern and rates of substitution’ . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , 38 : 100 – 116 .
  • Hennig , W. 1969 . Die Stammesgeschichte der Insekten , 49 Frankfurt : Waldemar Kramer, Senckenberg-Bücher .
  • Hinton , H. E. 1981 . “ ‘16. Plecoptera and Embioptera’ ” . In Biology of Insect Eggs , Vol. 2 , 508 – 512 . Oxford : Pergamon Press .
  • Hoefnagel , G. 1592 . ‘Archetypa studiaque Patris Georgii Hoefnagelii Jacobus F: genio duce ab ipso scalpta omnibus philomusis amice D: ac perbenigne communicat’ Frankfurt/Main
  • Holdsworth , R. P. 1942 . ‘The wing development of Pteronarcys proteus Newman (Pteronarcidae: Plecoptera)’ . Journal of Morphology , 70 : 431 – 462 .
  • Kaltenbach , A. 1968 . ‘Embiodea (Spinnfüßer)’ . Handbuch der Zoologie , IV ( 22/8 ) : pp. 1 – 29 .
  • Key , K. H.L. 1991 . “ ‘25. Phasmatodea (Stick-insects)’ ” . In The insects of Australia. A Textbook for Students and Research Workers , Edited by: CSIRO, Division of Entomology . 394 – 404 . Carlton : Melbourne University Press .
  • Kishimoto , T. 1997 . ‘Egg envelopes of a stonefly Scopura montana Maruyama (Plecoptera, Scopuridae) . Proceedings of Arthropodan Embryological Society of Japan , 32 : 35 – 37 . (in Japanese)
  • Kjer , K. M. , Carle , F. L. , Litman , J. and Ware , J. 2006 . ‘A molecular phylogeny of Hexapoda’ . Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny , 64 : 35 – 44 .
  • Klapálek , F. 1896 . ‘Über die Geschlechtstheile der Plecopteren, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die Morphologie der Genitalanhänge’ . Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse , 105 : 683 – 738 . pls. I–V
  • Klass , K. D. (ed.) . 2003 . ‘Proceedings of the 1st Dresden Meeting on Insect Phylogeny: “Phylogenetic Relationships within the Insect Orders” (Dresden, September 19–21, 2003)’ . Entomologische Anhandlungen , 61 : 110 – 172 .
  • Klausnitzer , B. 1996 . “ ‘Insecta (Hexapoda), Insekten’ ” . In Spezielle Zoologie, Teil 1: Einzeller und Wirbellose Tiere , Edited by: Westheide , W. and Rieger , R. 601 – 681 . Stuttgart : Gustav Fischer Verlag .
  • Knight , A. W. , Nebeker , A. V. and Gaufin , A. R. 1965a . ‘Description of the eggs of common Plecoptera of Western United States’ . Entomological News , 76 : 105 – 111 .
  • Knight , A. W. , Nebeker , A. V. and Gaufin , A. R. 1965b . ‘Further descriptions of the eggs of Plecoptera of Western United States’ . Entomological News , 76 : 233 – 239 .
  • Kristensen , N. P. 1975 . ‘The phylogeny of hexapod “orders”. A critical review of recent accounts’ . Zeitschrift für Zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung , 13 : 1 – 44 .
  • Kristensen , N. P. 1991 . “ ‘Phylogeny of extant hexapods’ ” . In The insects of Australia. A Textbook for Students and Research Workers , Edited by: CSIRO, Division of Entomology . 125 – 140 . Carlton : Melbourne University Press .
  • Kukalová-Peck , J. 1978 . ‘Origin and evolution of insect wings and their relation to metamorphosis, as documented by the fossil record’ . Journal of Morphology , 156 : 53 – 126 .
  • Kukalová-Peck , J. 1991 . “ ‘Fossil history and the evolution of hexapod structures’ ” . In The Insects of Australia. A Textbook for Students and Research Workers , Edited by: CSIRO, Division of Entomology . 141 – 179 . Carlton : Melbourne University Press .
  • Kukalová-Peck , J. 2008 . ‘Phylogeny of Higher Taxa in Insecta: Finding Synapomorphies in the Extant Fauna and Separating them from Homoplasies’ . Evolutionary Biology , 35 : 4 – 51 .
  • Matsuda , R. 1970 . ‘Morphology and evolution of the insect thorax’ . Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada , 76 : 1 – 431 .
  • Mills , H. B. 1932 . ‘The life history and thoracic development of Oligotoma texana(Mel.) (Embidiina)’ . Annals of the Entomological Society of America , 25 : 648 – 652 .
  • Misof , B. , Niehuis , O. , Bischoff , I. , Rickert , A. , Erpenbeck , D. and Staniczek , A. 2007 . ‘Towards an 18S phylogeny of hexapods: Accounting for group-specific character covariance in optimized mixed nucleotide/doublet models’ . Zoology , 110 : 409 – 429 .
  • Nelson , C. H. 1991 . “ ‘Preliminary note on the comparative morphology of the stonefly pretarsus (Plecoptera)’ ” . In Overview and Strategies of Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera , Edited by: Alba-Tercr , J. and Sanchez-Ortega , A. 135 – 156 . Gainesville , Florida: : The Sandhill Crane Press Inc. .
  • Nelson , C. H. ‘Surface ultrastructure and evolution of tarsal attachment structures in Plecoptera (Hexapoda: Arthropoda)’ . International Perspectives in Mayfly and Stonefly Research. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Ephemeroptera and the 16th International Symposium on Plecoptera, Stuttgart 2008 . Edited by: Staniczek , A. H. Aquatic Insects, 31, (Suppl. 1), 523–545
  • Pass , G. , Gereben-Krenn , B.-A. , Merl , M. , Plant , J. , Szucsich , N. U. and Tögel , M. 2006 . ‘Phylogenetic relationships of the orders of Hexapoda: Contributions from the Circulatory Organs for a Morphological Data Matrix’ . Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny , 64 : 165 – 203 .
  • Pictet , F. J. 1841 . Histoire naturelle générale et particulière des insectes Névroptères. Famille des Perlides , Genève : Kessmann . Paris: J.-B- Baillière
  • Rosciszewska , E. 1996 . ‘Egg capsule structure of the stonefly Protonemura intricata (Ris 1902) (Plecoptera: Nemouridae)’ . Acta Biologica Cracoviensa, Series Zoologica , 38 : 41 – 48 . plate 7
  • Sattler , C. 1968 . ‘Untersuchungen zur Lebensweise, insbesondere zur Ethologie, neotropischer Embiopteren (Insecta)’ unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Giessen, Dept. of Zoology
  • Sinichenkova , N. D. 1997 . “ ‘Paleontology of stoneflies’ ” . In Ephemeroptera & Plecoptera: Biology – Ecology-Systematics , Edited by: Landolt , P. and Sartori , M. 561 – 565 . Fribourg : Mauron + Tinguely & Lachat .
  • Terry , M. D. 2003 . ‘Phylogeny of the Polyneopterous Insects With Emphasis on Plecoptera: Molecular and Morphological Evidence’ unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd376.pdf
  • Terry , M. D. and Whiting , M. F. 2005 . ‘Mantophasmatodea and phylogeny of the lower neopterous insects’ . Cladistics , 21 : 240 – 257 .
  • Townsend , G. D. and Pritchard , G. 1998 . ‘Larval growth and development of the stonefly Pteronarcys californica (Insecta: Plecoptera) in the Crowsnest River, Alberta’ . Canadian Journal of Zoology , 76 : 2274 – 2280 .
  • Wheeler , W. C. , Whiting , M. , Wheeler , Q. D. and Carpenter , J. C. 2001 . ‘The phylogeny of the extant hexapod orders’ . Cladistics , 17 : 113 – 169 .
  • Wichard , W. 1997 . ‘Insekten erobern den aquatischen Lebensraum’ . Verhandlungen des Westdeutschen Entomologentags , 1996 : 19 – 28 .
  • Wichard , W. and Eisenbeis , B. 1979 . ‘Fine structural and histochemical evidence of chloride cells in stonefly larvae 3. The floriform chloride cells’ . Aquatic Insects , 1 : 185 – 191 .
  • Wichard , W. and Komnick , H. 1971 . ‘Electron microscopical and histochemical evidence of chloride cells in tracheal gills of mayfly larvae’ . Cytobiologie , 3 : 215 – 228 .
  • Wichard , W. and Komnick , H. 1973a . ‘Feinstruktur der Chloridzellen von Eintagsfliegenlarven’ . Verhandlungen der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft , 66 Jahresversammlung, 80–83
  • Wichard , W. and Komnick , H. 1973b . ‘Feinstruktureller und histochemischer Nachweis von Chloridzellen bei Steinfliegenlarven. 1. Die coniformen Chloridzellen’ . Cytobiologie , 7 : 297 – 314 .
  • Wichard , W. and Komnick , H. 1974 . ‘Feinstruktureller und histochemischer Nachweis von Chloridzellen bei Steinfliegenlarven. 2. Die caviformen und bulbiformen Chloridzellen’ . Cytobiologie , 8 : 297 – 311 .
  • Wichard , W. , Komnick , H. and Abel , J. J. Jr . 1972 . ‘Typology of ephemerid chloride cells’ . Zeitschrift für Zellforschung , 132 : 533 – 551 .
  • Willmann , R. 2003 . ‘Die phylogenetischen Beziehungen der Insecta: Offene Fragen und Probleme’ . Verhandlungen des Westdeutschen Entomologentags , 2001 : 1 – 64 .
  • Willmann , R. 2005 . “ ‘Phylogenese und das System der Insekten’ ” . In Lehrbuch der Speziellen Zoologie, Band I: Wirbellose Tiere, 5. Teil Insecta , 2nd ed. , Edited by: Dathe , H. H. Heidelberg , , Berlin : Spektrum Akademischer Verlag . corrected new printing, pp. 1–65
  • Zompro , O. 2004 . ‘Revision of the genera of the Areolatae, including the status of Timema and Agathemera (Insecta Phasmatodea)’ . Abhandlungen Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein in Hamburg (NF) , 37 : 1 – 327 .
  • Zompro , O. 2005 . ‘Inter- and intra-ordinal relationships of the Mantophasmatodea, with comments on the phylogeny of the polyneopteran orders (Insecta: Polyneoptera)’ . Mitteilungen des Geologisch-Paläontologischen Instituts der Universität Hamburg , 89 : 85 – 116 .
  • Zwick , P. 1973 . ‘Insecta Plecoptera. Phylogenetisches System und Katalog’ . Das Tierreich , 94 : I – XXXII . 1–465
  • Zwick , P. 1980 . ‘Plecoptera (Steinfliegen)’ . Handbuch der Zoologie , 4 ( 22/7 ) : 1 – 115 .
  • Zwick , P. 1983 . ‘The Neoperla of Sumatra and Java (Indonesia) (Plecoptera: Perlidae)’ . Spixiana , 6 : 167 – 204 .
  • Zwick , P. 1991 . “ ‘Biometric studies of the growth and development of two species of Leuctra and of Nemurella pictetii (Plecoptera: Leuctridae and Nemouridae)’ ” . In Overview and Strategies of Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera , Edited by: Alba-Tercr , J. and Sanchez-Ortega , A. 515 – 526 . Gainesville , Florida : The Sandhill Crane Press Inc. .
  • Zwick , P. 2000 . ‘Phylogenetic system and zoogeography of the Plecoptera’ . Annual Review of Entomology , 45 : 709 – 746 .
  • Zwick , P. and Hohmann , M. 2003 . ‘Direct development, no diapause, in Taeniopteryx nebulosa (Plecoptera, Taeniopterygidae)’ . Lauterbornia , 47 : 141 – 151 .
  • Zwick , P. and Teslenko , V. A. 2002 . ‘Development and life history of Far Eastern Russian Pteronarcys spp. (Plecoptera, Pteronarcyidae)’ . Archiv für Hydrobiologie , 153 : 503 – 528 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.