Studies on comparative ecology and ethology in adult populations of several species of Morpho butterflies (Lepidoptera: Morphidae)

Literature

• Brower , L. P. 1970 . “ Plant poisons in a terrestrial food chain and implications for mimicry theory ” . In Biochemical Evolution , 69 – 82 . Corvallis : Oregon State Univ. Press .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , J. L. and Orians , G. H. 1970 . Spacing patterns in mobile animals . Ann. Rev. Ecol. & Systematics , 1 : 239 – 262 .
   Google Scholar
• Burns , J. M. and Johnson , F. M. 1967 . Esterase polymorphism in natural populations of a sulfur butterfly, Colias eurytheme . Science , 156 : 93 – 95 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Crook , J. H. 1970 . Social organization and the environment: aspects of contemporary social ethology . Anim. Behav. , 18 : 197 – 209 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dethier , V. G. 1959 . Food‐plant distribution and density and larval dispersal as factors affecting insect populations . Canad. Entomol. , 91 : 581 – 596 .
   Google Scholar
• Ehrlich , P. R. 1958 . The comparative morphology, phylogeny, and higher classification of the butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilioneidea) . Univ. of Kansas Sei. Bull. ,
   Google Scholar
• Ehrlich , P. R. and Raven , P. H. 1965 . Butterflies and plants: a study in coevolution . Evolution , 18 : 568 – 608 .
   Google Scholar
• Holdridge , L. R. , Grenke , W.R. , Hatheway , W. H. , Liang , T. and Tosi , J. A. Jr. 1971 . Forest environments in tropical life zones , New York : Pergamon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , F. M. , Schaffer , H. E. , Gillaspy , J. E. and Rockwood , E. S. 1969 . Isozyme genotype‐environment relationships in natural populations of the harvester ant, Pogonomyrex barbatus, from Texas . Biochem. Genetics , 3 : 429 – 450 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Labine , P. A. 1968 . The population biology of the butterfly Euphydryas editha. VIII. Oviposition and its relation to patterns of oviposition in other butterflies . Evolution , 22 : 799 – 805 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lack , D. 1970 . The natural regulation of animal numbers , 3rd edit. , 343 Oxford : Clarendon .
   Google Scholar
• Levin , D. A. 1971 . Plant phonolics: an ecological perspective . Amer. Natur. , 105 : 157 – 181 .
   Google Scholar
• Levins , R. 1962 . Theory of fitness in a heterogenous environment. I. The fitness set and adaptive function . Amer. Natur. , 96 : 361 – 373 .
   Google Scholar
• Levins , R. 1968a . Evolution in Changing Environments , 120 Princeton : Princeton Univ. Press .
   Google Scholar
• Levins , R. 1968b . “ Toward an evolutionary theory of the niche ” . In Evolution and Environment , Edited by: Drake , E. T. 325 – 340 . New Haven and London : Yale University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lewontin , R. C. and Hubby , J. L. 1966 . A molecular approach to the study of genic heterozygosity in natural populations. II. Amount of variation and degree of heterozygosity in natural populations of Drosophila pseudo‐obscura . Genetics , 54 : 595 – 609 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manwell , C.M. , Baker , A. , Ashten , P.A. and Corner , E.D.S. 1967 . Biochemical differences between Calanus finmarchicus and C. helgolandicus. Esterases, malate, and triosephosphate dehydrogenases, aldolase, ‘peptidases’ and other enzymes . J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U. K. , 47 : 145 – 169 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margalef , R. 1968 . Perspectives in Ecological Theory , 98 Chicago : Univ. Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Myers , J. and Brower , L. P. 1969 . A behavioural analysis of the courtship pheromone receptors of the Queen Butterfly, Danaus gilippus berenice . J. Insect Physiol. , 15 : 2117 – 2130 .
   Google Scholar
• Orians , G. H. 1969 . On the evolution of mating systems in birds and mammals . Amer. Natur. , 103 : 589 – 603 .
   Google Scholar
• Otero , L. R. 1971 . Instruçoes para criaçae da berboleta “Capitao‐deMato”; (Morpho achillaenaj e outras especies de género Morpho ("Azul‐Seda”;, “Boia”;, “Azulao‐Branco”;, “Praig‐Grande") . Inst. Bras. Flor, Rio de Janeiro , : 27
   Google Scholar
• Pielou , E. C. 1969 . An Introduction to Mathematical Ecology , New York : Interscience Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Pires , J. M. , Dobzhansky , Th. and Black , G. A. 1953 . An estimate of the number of species of trees in an Amazonian forest community . Bot. Gazette. , 114 : 467 – 477 .
   Google Scholar
• Seitz , A. , ed. 1924 . The Macrolepidoptera of the World. Vol. 5: The American Rhopalocera , Stuttgart : Alfred Kernen Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Tinbergen , N. , Meeuse , B.J. D. , Borema , L. K. and Varossieau , W. W. 1942 . Die Balz des Samtfalters Eumenis (=Satyrus) semele (L.) . Zeitschr. für Tierspychol , 5 : 182 – 226 .
   Google Scholar
• Wynne‐Edwards , V. C. 1962 . Animal dispersion in relation to social behavior , 653 New York : Hafner .
   Google Scholar
• Young , A. M. 1971a . Notes on gregarious roosting in tropical butterflies of the genus Morpho . J. Lepid. Soc. , 25 : 223 – 234 .
   Google Scholar
• Young , A. M. 1971b . Community ecology of some tropical rain forest butterflies . Amer. Midi. Natur. , 83 : 146 – 157 .
   Google Scholar
• Young , A.M. 1971c . Wing coloration and reflectance in Morpho butterflies as related to reproductive behavior and escape from avian predators . Oecologia , 7 : 208 – 222 .
   Google Scholar
• Young , A. M. 1972a . Adaptive strategies of feeding and predator‐avoidance in the larvae of the neotropical butterfly, Morpho peleides limpida (Lepidoptera: Morphidae) . J. N. Y. Entomol. Soc. , 80 (in press).
   Google Scholar
• Young , A. M. 1972b . Feeding and foraging behavior of Morpho butterflies in a tropical rain forest . Ecology , (submitted for publ.)
   Google Scholar
• Young , A.M. 1972c . Breeding success and survivorship in some tropical butterflies . Oikos , 23 (in press).
   Google Scholar
• Young , A.M. and Muyshondt , A. 1972a . The biology of Morpho peleides in Central America . Carib. J. Sci. , 13 (in press).
   Google Scholar
• Young , A. M. and Muyshondt , A. 1972b . Biology of Morpho polyphemus (Lepidoptera: Morphidae) in El Salvador . J. N. Y. Entomol. Soc. , 80 : 18 – 42 .
   Google Scholar
• Young , A. M. and Muyshondt , A. 1972c . Geographical and ecological expansion in tropical butterflies of the genus Morpho in evolutionary time . Rev. Biol. Trop. , 20 (in press).
   Google Scholar