Carabid taxocenes of an urban park in subtropical Brazil: III. Body size, wing morphs and colonization (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae)Footnote∗

Excerpted from a MSc dissertation by the first author. Curso de Pós‐graduação em Ecologia, UFRGS.

References

• BENGTSON , S.A. 1982 . Species assemblages and coexistence of Faroe Island ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). , Monogr. Biol. Edited by: RUTHERFORD , G.K. 69 – 89 . The Hague : Dr. W. Junk Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• BENGTSON , S.A. and ERIKSTAD , K.E. 1984 . Wing polymorphism in Amara quenseli (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in Iceland . Entomol. Scand. , 15 (2) : 179 – 184 .
   Google Scholar
• BOER , P.J. den . 1970 . On the significance of dispersal power for populations of carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) . Oecologia , 4 : 1 – 28 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BOER , P.J. den . 1977 . Dispersal power and survival. Carabids in a cultivated countryside , Vol. 14 , 1 – 190 . Wageningen : Miscell. Papers L.H. .
   Google Scholar
• BOER , P.J. den . 1979a . The significance of dispersal power for the survival of species with special reference to carabid beetles in a cultivated countryside . Fortsch. Zool. , 25 (2–3) : 79 – 94 .
   Google Scholar
• BOER , P.J. den . 1979b . “ Some remarks in retrospect. ” . In On the evolution of behaviour in carabid beetles , Edited by: BOER , P.J. den , THIELE , H.U. and WEBER , F. Vol. 18 , 213 – 222 . Wageningen : Miscell. Papers L.H. .
   Google Scholar
• BOER , P.J. den . 1981 . The survival of populations in a heterogeneous and variable environment . Oecologia , 50 (1) : 39 – 53 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BOER , P.J. den , HUIZEN , T.H.P. van , BOER‐DAANJE , W. den , AUKEMA , B. and BIEMAN , C.F.M. den . 1980 . Wing polymorphism and dimorphism in ground beetles as stages in an evolutionary process (Coleoptera: Carabidae) . Entomol. Gen. , 6 (2–4) : 107 – 134 .
   Google Scholar
• BRANDMAYR , P. 1983 . “ The main axis of the coenoclinal continuum from macroptery to brachyptery in carabid communities of the temperate zone. ” . In Ecology of Carabids: the synthesis of field study and laboratory experiment , Edited by: BRANDMAYR , P. , BOER , P.J. den and WEBER , F. 147 – 169 . Wageningen : Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation .
   Google Scholar
• CARTER , A. 1976 . Wing polymorphism in the insect species Agonum retractum Le Conte (Coleoptera: Carabidae) . Can. J. Zool. , 54 (8) : 1375 – 1382 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CZECHOWSKI , W. 1980 . Influence of the manner of managing park areas and their situation on the formation of the communities of carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) . Fragm. Faun. , 25 (12) : 199 – 219 .
   Google Scholar
• DARLINGTON , P.J. 1943 . Carabidae of mountains and islands: data on the evolution of isolated faunas, and on atrophy of wings . Ecol. Monogr. , 13 (1) : 37 – 61 .
   Google Scholar
• DAVIS , A.M. and GLICK , T.F. 1978 . Urban ecosystems and island biogeography . Environ. Conserv. , 5 (4) : 299 – 304 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DAVIS , B.N.K. 1975 . The colonization of isolated patches of nettles (Urtica dioica L.) by insects . J. Ap. Ecol. , 12 : 1 – 14 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DAVIS , B.N.K. 1978 . “ Urbanisation and the diversity of insects. ” . In Diversity of insect faunas , Edited by: MOUND , L.A. and WALOFF , N. 126 – 138 . Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications .
   Google Scholar
• DEJEAN , P.F.M.A. 1828 . Spécies générale des Colépteres de la collection de M. le Comte Dejean Vol. 3 , 556 Paris
   Google Scholar
• DESENDER , K. 1985 . Wing polymorphism and reproductive biology in the halobiont carabid beetle Pogonus chalceous (Coleoptera, Carabidae) . Biol. Jaarb. , 53 : 89 – 100 .
   Google Scholar
• DIEFENBACH , L.M.G. , ANER , U. and BECKER , M. 1991 . The internal reproductive organs and physiological age‐grading in Neotropical carabids. II. Parhypates (Paranortes) cordicollis (Dejean, 1828) (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini) . Rev. Bras. Biol. , 51 : 33 – 52 .
   Google Scholar
• DIEFENBACH , L.M.G. and BECKER , M. 1992a . Carabid Taxocenes of an Urban Park in Subtropical Brazil: I. Specific Composition, Seasonality and Constancy (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae) . Stud. Neotrop. Fauna Environm. , 27 (4) : 169 – 186 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FAETH , S.H. and KANE , T.C. 1978 . Urban biogeography: city parks as islands for Diptera and Coleoptera . Oecologia , 32 : 127 – 133 .
   Google Scholar
• HAECK , J. 1971 . “ The immigration and settlement of carabids in the new Usselmeer‐Polders. ” . In Dispersal and dispersal power of carabid beetles , Edited by: BOER , P.J. den . Vol. 8 , 33 – 52 . Wageningen : Miscell. Papers L.H. .
   Google Scholar
• HUIZEN , T.H.P. van . 1979 . “ Individual and environmental factors determining flight in Carabid Beetles. ” . In On the evolution of Behaviour in carabid beetles , Edited by: BOER , P.J. den , THIELE , H.U. and WEBER , F. Vol. 18 , 199 – 211 . Wageningen : Miscell. Papers L.H. .
   Google Scholar
• JOHNSON , C.G. 1969 . Migration and dispersal of insects by flight , London : Methuen and Co. .
   Google Scholar
• LANGOR , D.W. and LARSON , D.J. 1983 . Alary polymorphism and life history of a colonizing ground beetle, Bembidion lampros (Coleoptera: Carabidae) . Coleop. Bui. , 37 (4) : 365 – 377 .
   Google Scholar
• LINDROTH , C.H. 1946 . Inheritance of wing dimorphism in Pterostichus anthracinus Ill . Hereditas , 32 : 37 – 40 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LINDROTH , C.H. 1949 . Die fennoskandischen Carabidae. Eine tiergeographische Studie . Kungl. Vetensk. Vitterh. Samh. Handl. (Ser. B4) , 3 : 812 – 842 . Allgemeiner Teil (English summary)
   Google Scholar
• MACEDO , F.R. 1973 . Porto Alegre, história e vida da cidade , Porto Alegre : Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul .
   Google Scholar
• MEIJER , J. 1974 . A comparative study of the immigration of carabids into a new polder . Oecologia , 16 : 185 – 208 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ROFF , D.A. 1986a . The evolution of wing dimorphism in insects . Evolution , 40 (5) : 1009 – 1020 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ROFF , D.A. 1986b . “ Evolution of wing polymorphism and its impact on life cycle adaption in Insects. ” . In The evolution of insect life cycles , Edited by: TAYLOR , F. and KARBAN , R. 204 – 221 . New York : Springer‐Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• ROFF , D. 1990 . The evolution of flightlessness in insects . Ecol. Monogr. , 60 (4) : 389 – 421 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCHAEFER , M. 1982 . “ Studies on the arthropod fauna of green urban ecosystems. ” . In Urban Ecology , Edited by: BORNKAMM , R. , LEE , J.A. and SEAWARD , M.R.D. 65 – 73 . Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications .
   Google Scholar
• SCHAEFER , M. and KOCK , K. 1979 . Zur Ökologie der Arthropodenfauna einer Stadtlandschaft und ihrer Umgebung. I. Laufkäfer (Carabidae) und Spinnen (Araneida) . Anz. Schädlingsk., Pflanz. , 52 : 85 – 90 .
   Google Scholar
• THIELE , H.U. 1977 . Carabid beetles in their environments: a study on habitat selection by adaptations in physiology and behaviour , Berlin : Springer‐Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• TISCHLER , W. 1973 . Ecology of arthropod fauna in man‐made habitats: the problem of synanthropy . Zool. Anz. , 191 (3/4) : 157 – 161 .
   Google Scholar
• TSCHITSCHERINE , T. 1900 . Notes sur les Platysmatini du Museum d'Historie Naturelle de Paris . Hor. Soc. Ent. Rossicae , 34 : 371 – 397 .
   Google Scholar
• TOPP , W. 1972 . Die Besiedlung eines Stadtparks durch Käfer . Pedobiologia , 12 (5) : 336 – 346 .
   Google Scholar
• Excerpted from a MSc dissertation by the first author. Curso de Pós‐graduação em Ecologia, UFRGS.
   Google Scholar