5,302
Views
98
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original papers

Canine malignant lymphoma: A review and comparison with human non‐hodgkin's lymphoma

Pages 209-219 | Published online: 01 Nov 2011

References

  • Owen , LN , Bostock , DE , Betton , GR , Onions , DE , Holmes , J , Yoxall , A and Gorman , N . 1975 . The role of spontaneous canine tumours in the evaluation of the aetiology and therapy of human cancer . J Small Anim Pract , 16 : 155 – 62 .
  • Hayes , HM . 1978 . The comparative epidemiology of selected neoplasms between dogs, cats, and humans. A review . Eur J Cancer , 14 : 1299 – 1308 .
  • Strandstrom , HV and Bovven , JM . 1982 . “ Canine leukemia‐lymphoma complex: a model for human hematopoietic malignancies ” . In Advances in Comparative Leukemic Research , Edited by: Yohn , DS and Blakerslee , JR . 447 – 50 . New York : Elsevier .
  • Pierrepoint , CG . 1985 . Possible benefits to veterinary medicine of considering the dog as a model for human cancer . J Smal 1 Anim Pract , 26 : 43 – 7 .
  • MacEwen , EG . 1990 . Spontaneous tumors in dogs and cats: Models for the study of cancer biology and treatment . Cancer Metastasis Rev , 9 : 125 – 36 .
  • Bäckgren , AW . 1965 . Lymphatic leukosis in dogs. An epizootological clinical and haematological study . Acta Vet Scand , 6 ( Suppl I )
  • Dorn , CR , Taylor , DON and Hibbard , HH . 1967 . Epizootiologic characteristics of canine and feline leukemia and lymphoma . Am J Vet Res , 28 : 993 – 1001 .
  • Cohen , D , Booth , S and Sussman , O . 1961 . “ Canine lymphoma ” . In WHO Conference on Comparative Studies in Leukemias , Philadelphia, Penna : WHO . no 30 Geneva, Switzerland
  • Pelt , RW van and Connor , GH . 1968 . Clinicopathologic survey of malignant lymphoma in the dog . J Am Vet Med Assoc , 152 : 976 – 89 .
  • Jarrett , WFH , Crighton , GW and Dalton , RG . 1966 . Leukemia and lymphosarcoma in animals and man . Vet Rec , 79 : 693 – 9 .
  • Priester , WA . 1967 . Canine lymphoma: relative risk in the boxer breed . J Natl Cancer Inst , 39 : 833 – 45 .
  • Parodi , A , Wyers , M and Paris , J . 1967 . Incidence of canine lymphoid leukosis. Age, sex and breed distribution; results of a necropsic survey . Proc 3rd Int Symp Comp Leukemia Res . 1967 , Paris. pp. 263 – 7 . Bibl Haemat 31, Karger, Basel/New York, 1968
  • Madewell , BR . 1986 . Hematological and bone marrow cytological abnormalities in 75 dogs with malignant lymphomas . J Am Anim Hosp Assoc , 22 : 235 – 40 .
  • Gendron‐Fitzpatrick , AP . 1986 . A functional classification of canine malignant lymphoma by histology, immunoperoxidase and cytochemistry , Southern California : Dissertation Univ. .
  • Haga , T , Yokomori , K , Nakayama , H , Hayashi , T , Goto , N , Takahashi , R and Fujiwara , K . 1988 . Canine and feline lymphoid and myeloid tumors encountered in Tokyo . Jpn J Vet Sci , 50 : 809 – 13 .
  • Bernard , SM . 1988 . “ Epidemiology of malignant lymphomas ” . In Malignant Lymphomas , Edited by: Habeshaw , JA and Lauder , L . 6 – 31 . London : Churchill Livingstone .
  • Priester , WA and McKay , FW . 1980 . The occurrence of tumors in domestic animals . Bethseda, Maryland, NCI Monogr , 54 : 166
  • Onions , DE . 1984 . A prospective survey of familial canine lymphosarcoma . J Natl Cancer Inst , 72 : 909 – 12 .
  • Teske , E , Vos , JP de , Egberink , HF and Vos , JH . 1994 . Clustering in canine malignant lymphoma . Vet Quart , 16 : 134 – 6 .
  • Abramson , JH , Avitzour , M and Peritz , E . 1975 . Mortality from lymphomas in Israel 1950–71: the possible role of environmental factors . Int J Epidemiol , 4 : 321 – 9 .
  • Bernard , SM , Cartwright , RA , Bird , CC , Richards , IDG , Lauder , I and Roberts , BE . 1984 . Aetiologic factors in lymphoid malignancies: a case‐control epidemiological study . Leukemia Res , 8 : 681 – 9 .
  • Lynch , HT , Marcus , JN and Lynch , JF . 1992 . Genetics of Hodgkin's and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma: a review . Cancer Invest , 10 : 247 – 56 .
  • Dausset , J , Colomboni , J , Hors , J and Bodmer , WF . 1983 . “ Major histocompatibility complex and cancer with special reference to human familial tumours (Hodgkin's disease and other malignancies) ” . In Inheritance of susceptibility to cancer in man , 119 – 47 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Weiden , PL , Storb , R , Kolb , HJ , Ochs , HD , Graham , TC , Tsoi , MS , Schroeder , ML and Thomas , ED . 1974 . Immune reactivity in dogs with spontaneous malignancy . J Natl Cancer Inst , 53 : 1049 – 56 .
  • Owen , LN , Bostock , DE and Halliwell , REW . 1975 . Cell‐mediated and humoral immunity in dogs with spontaneous lymphosarcoma . Eur J Cancer , 11 : 187 – 91 .
  • Burnet , FM . 1971 . Immunological surveillance in neoplasia . Transplant Rev , 7 : 3
  • Dom , CR and Heuschele , WP . 1978 . Humoral and cell‐mediated immune competence of high‐cancer‐risk canine breeds. . Am J Vet Res , 39 : 1932 – 5 .
  • Darke , PGG , McCulliagh , KG and Geldart , PH . 1975 . Myasthenia gravis, thymoma and myositis in a dog . Vet Rec , 97 : 392 – 4 .
  • Helfand , SC , Couto , CG and Madewell , BR . 1985 . Immune‐mediated th‐rombo‐cytopenia associated with solid tumors in dogs . J Am Anim Hosp Assoc , 21 : 787 – 94 .
  • Keller , ET . 1992 . Immune‐mediated disease as a risk factor for canine lymphoma . Cancer , 70 : 2334 – 7 .
  • Filopovich , A . 1984 . The immunedeficiency cancer registry is renewed . Immunology Today , 5 : 309
  • Penn , I . 1984 . Cancer in immunosuppressed patients . Transplant Procedure , 16 : 492 – 4 .
  • Janowska‐Wieczorek , A , Andrews , EJ , Khaliq , A and Pilarski , LM . 1987 . Deficiency of mature B and T lymphocyte subsets in the blood of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma patients . Am J Hematol , 26 : 125
  • Symmons , DPM . 1985 . Neoplasms of the immune system in rheumatoid arthritis . Am J Med , 78 ( [Suppl 1a] ) : 22 – 8 .
  • Sela , O and Shoenfield , Y . 1988 . Cancer in autoimmune diseases . Semin Arthritis Rheum , 18 : 77 – 87 .
  • Boumpas , DT , Tsokos , GC , Mann , EG , Eleftheriades , EG , Harris , CC and Mark , GE . 1986 . Increased proto‐oncogene expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune diseases . Arthritis Rheum , 29 : 755 – 60 .
  • Hayes , HM , Tarone , RE , Cantor , KP , Jessen , CR , McCurnin , DM and Richardson , RC . 1991 . Case‐control study of canine malignant lymphoma: positive association with dog owner's use of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicides . J Natl Cancer Inst , 83 : 1226 – 31 .
  • Carlo , GL , Cole , P , Miller , AB , Munro , IC , Solomon , KR and Squire , RA . 1992 . Review of a study reporting an association between 2,4‐dichlorophe‐noxyacetic acid and canine malignant lymphoma: report of an expert panel . Regul Toxicol Pharmacol , 16 : 245 – 52 .
  • Blair , A . 1990 . Herbicides and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma: New evidence from a study of Saskatchewan fanners . J Natl Cancer Inst , 82 : 544 – 5 .
  • Hardell , L , Eriksson , M , Lennet , P and Lundgren , E . 1981 . Malignant lymphoma and exposure to chemicals especially organic solvents, chloro‐phenols and phenoxy acids, a case‐control study . Br J Cancer , 43 : 169 – 71 .
  • Moldovanu , G , Moore , AE , Friedman , M and Miller , DG . 1966 . Cellular transmission of lymphosarcoma in dogs . Nature , 210 : 1342 – 3 .
  • Owen , LN . 1971 . Serial transplantation of canine lymphocytic leukemia . Eur J Cancer , 7 : 525 – 8 .
  • Hoosier , GL van , Stenback , WA , Mumford , DM , Hill , WA , Dunn , SC , MacDonald , EJ , MacDonald , MC , Taylor , HG and Trentin , JJ . 1968 . Epidemiological findings and electron microscopic observations in human leukemia and canine contacts . Int J Cancer , 3 : 7 – 16 .
  • Chapman , AL , Bopp , WJ , Brightwell , AS , Cohen , H , Nielsen , AH , Gravelle , CR and Werder , AA . 1967 . Preliminary report on virus‐like particles in canine leukemia and derived cell cultures . Cancer Res , 27 : 18 – 25 .
  • Seman , G , Procnca , G , Giullon , JC and Moraillon , R . 1967 . Particles d'aspect viral dans les cellules du lymphosarcoma du chien . Bull Acad Vet France , 4 : 211 – 4 .
  • Rudolph , R . 1971 . Virusähnliche Strukturen in Tumourzellen bei lymphatischer Leukose des Hundes . Berliner Münchener Tierärtzlicher Wochcnschrift , 84 : 68 – 70 .
  • Rangan , SRS , Calvert , RC and Vitol , SK . 1971 . Fibrillar bundles in canine lymphomas. An ultrastructural study . J Ultrastr Res , 36 : 425
  • Onions , DE . 1980 . RNA dependent DNA polynierase activity in canine lymphosarcoma . Eur J Cancer , 16 : 345 – 50 .
  • Armstrong , SJ , Tomley , FM , Nunes deSouza , PA , Wreghitt , TG , Owen , LN and Mahy , BWJ . 1982 . “ Reverse transcriptase activity associated with canine leukemia lymphosarcoma ” . In Advances in Comparative Leukemia Research , Edited by: Yohn , DS and Blakeslee , JR . 411 – 2 . New York : Elsevicr .
  • Tomley , FM , Armstrong , SJ , Mahy , BWJ and Owen , LN . 1983 . Reverse transcriptase activity and particles of relroviral density in cultured canine lymphosarcoma supcrnatants . Br J Cancer , 47 : 277 – 84 .
  • Safran , N , Perk , K and Eyal , O . 1992 . Isolation and preliminary characterisation of a novel retrovirus isolated from a leukemie dog . Res Vet Scie , 52 : 250 – 5 .
  • Strandstrom , HV , Higgins , JR , Mossie , K and Theilen , GH . 1990 . Studies with canine sera that contain antibodies which recognize human immunodeficiency virus structural proteins . Cancer Res , 50 ( [Suppl] ) : 5628s – 30s .
  • Poiesz , BJ , Ruseetti , FW , Gazdar , AF , Bunn , PA , Minna , JD and Gallo , RC . 1980 . Detection and isolation of type C rctrovirus particles from fresh and cultured lymphocytes of a patient with cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma . Proc Natl Acad Scie , 77 : 7415 – 9 .
  • Mueller , NE , Mohar , A and Evans , A . 1992 . Viruses other than HIV and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma . Cancer Res , 52 ( [Suppl] ) : 5479s – 81s .
  • Geser , A , de The , G , Lenoir , G , Day , NE and Williams , EH . 1982 . Final case reporting from the Ugandan prospective study of the relationship between Epstein Barr virus and Burkitt's lymphoma . Int J Cancer , 29 : 397 – 400 .
  • Levine , AM . 1990 . Lymphoma in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Sem Oncol , 17 : 104 – 12 .
  • Grindem , CB and Buoen , LC . 1986 . Cytogenetic analysis of leukemic cells in the dog. A report of 10 cases and a review of literature . J Comp Pathol , 96 : 623 – 35 .
  • Chaganti , SR , Mitra , J and LoBue , J . 1992 . Detection of canine homologs of human MYC, BCL2, IGH, and TCRB genes by Southern blot analysis . Cancer Genet Cytogenet , 62 : 9 – 14 .
  • LeBeau , MM . 1990 . Chromosomal abnormalities in non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas . Sem Oncol , 17 : 20 – 9 .
  • Tsujimoto , Y , Cossman , J , Jaffe , E and Croce , CM . 1985 . Involvement of the bc12‐gene in human follicular lymphoma . Science , 228 : 1440 – 3 .
  • Jarrett , WFH and MacKey , LJ . 1974 . II Neoplastic diseases of the haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues . Bull Wld Hlth Org , 50 : 21 – 34 .
  • Owen , LN , ed. 1980 . TNM classification of tumors in domestic animals , 46 – 7 . Geneva : World Health Organization .
  • Madewell , BR and Theilen , GH . 1987 . “ Hematopoietic neoplasms, sarcomas and related conditions. Part IV: Canine ” . In Veterinary Cancer Medicine , 2nd edition , Edited by: Theilen , GH and Madewell , BR . 392 – 407 . Philadelphia : Lea and Febiger .
  • Squire , RA , Bush , M , Melby , EC , Neeley , LM and Yarbrough , B . 1973 . Clinical and pathologic study of canine lymphoma: clinical staging, cell classification, and therapy . J Natl Cancer Inst , 51 : 565 – 74 .
  • Carter , RF , Valli , VEO and Lumsden , JH . 1986 . The cytology, histology and prevalaence of cell types in canine lymphoma classified according to the National Cancer Institute Working Formulation . Can J Vet Res , 50 : 154 – 64 .
  • Greenlee , PG , Filippa , DA , Quimby , FW , Parnaik , AK , Calvano , SE , Matus , RE , Kimmel , M , Hurvitz , AI and Lieberman , PH . 1990 . Lymphomas in dogs. A morphologic, immunologic, and clinical study . Cancer , 66 : 480 – 90 .
  • Appelbaum , FR , Sale , GE , Storb , R , Charrier , K , Deeg , HJ , Graham , T and Wulff , JC . 1984 . Phenotyping of canine lymphoma with monoclonal antibodies directed at cell surface antigens: classification, morphology, clinical presentation and response to chemotherapy . Hematol Oncol , 2 : 151 – 68 .
  • Holmberg , CA , Mailing , JS and Osbum , BJ . 1976 . Canine malignant lymphomas: comparison of morphologic and immunologic parameters . J Natl Cancer Inst , 56 : 125 – 35 .
  • Teske , E , Wisman , P , Moore , PF and Heerde , P van . 1994 . Histological classification and immunophenotyping of canine non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas. Unexpected high frequency of T‐cell lymphomas with B‐cell morphology . Exp Hematol , in press
  • Welter , RE , Holmberg , CA , Theilen , GH and Madewell , BR . 1980 . Histologic classification as a prognostic criterion for canine lymphosarcoma . Am J Vet Res , 41 : 1310 – 4 .
  • National Cancer Institute . 1982 . The non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma pathologic classification project: National Cancer Institute sponsored study of classifications of non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas: Summary and description of a working formulation for clinical usage . Cancer , 49 : 2112 – 35 .
  • Lieberman , PH , Filippa , DA , Straus , DJ , Thaler , HT , Cirrincionc , C and Clarkson , BD . 1986 . Evaluation of malignant lymphomas using three classifications and the Working Formulation . Am J Med , 81 : 365 – 80 .
  • Parodi , AL , Dargcnt , F and Crespeau , F . 1988 . Histological classification of canine malignant lymphomas . J Vet Med , 35 : 178 – 92 .
  • Carter , RF , Harris , CK , Withrow , SJ , Valli , VEO and Susaneck , SJ . 1987 . Chemotherapy of canine lymphoma with histopalhological correlation: doxorubicin alone compared to COP as first treatment regimen . J Am Anim Hosp Assoc , 23 : 587 – 96 .
  • Hahn , KE , Richardson , RC , Tcclaw , RF , Cline , JM , Carlton , WW , DcNicola , DB and Honney , PL . 1992 . Is maintenance chemotherapy appropriate for the management of canine malignant lymphoma? . J Vet Int Med , 6 : 3 – 10 .
  • Teske , E , Hconic , P van , Rutteman , GR , Kurzman , I , Moore , PF and MacEwen , EG . 1994 . Prognostic factors in canine non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas. A prospective study in 138 dogs . J Am Vet Med Assoc , in press
  • Lennert , K and Feller , AC . 1990 . Histopathologie der Non‐Hodgkin‐Lymphome (nach der aktualisicrten Kiel‐Klassifikation). , 2nd edition , Berlin : Springer Verlag .
  • Sandusky , GE , Morton , PJ and Wightman , KA . 1986 . Use of monoclonal antibodies to human lymphocytes to identify lymphocyte subsets in lymph nodes of the rhesus monkey and the dog . J Med Primatol , 15 : 441 – 51 .
  • Aasted , B , Blixcnkrone‐Mϕller , M , Larsen , EB , Bielefeldt Oilman , H , Buemann Simesen , R and Utthenthal , A . 1988 . Reactivity of eleven anti‐human leucocyte monoclonal antibodies with lymphocytes from several domestic animals . Vet Immunol Immunolpathol , 19 : 31 – 8 .
  • Onions , D . 1977 . B‐ and T‐cell markers on canine lymphosarcoma cells . J Natl Cancer Inst , 59 : 1001 – 6 .
  • McKenzie , JL and Fabre , JW . 1981 . Studies with a monoclonal antibody on the distribution of Thy‐1 in the lymphoid and extracellular connective tissues of the dog . Transplantation , 31 : 275 – 82 .
  • Moore , PF , Rossitto , PV and Danilenko , DM . 1990 . Canine leukocyte integrins: characterization of a CD18 homologue . Tissue Antigens , 36 : 211 – 20 .
  • Moore , PF , Rossitto , PV , Danilenko , DM , Wielenga , JJ , Raff , RF and Severns , E . 1992 . Monoclonal antibodies specific for canine CD4 and CD8 define functional T‐lymphocyte subsets and high‐density expression of CD4 by canine neutrophils . Tissue Antigens , 40 : 75 – 85 .
  • Jaffe , ES , Strauchen , JA and Berard , CW . 1982 . Predictability of immunologic phenotype by morphologic criteria in diffuse agressive non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas . Am J Clin Pathol , 77 : 46 – 9 .
  • Schuurman , HJ , Baarlen , J van , Lam , BW , Verdonck , LF and Unnik , JAM van . 1987 . Immunophenotyping of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. Lack of correlation between immunophenotype and cell morphology . Am J Pathol , 129 : 140 – 51 .
  • Noorduyn , LA , Valk , P van der , Heerde , P van , Vroom , TM , Blok , P , Willemze , R and Meijer , CJLM . 1990 . Stage is a better prognostic indicator than morphologic subtype in primary noncutaneous T‐cell lymphoma . Am J Clin Pathol , 93 : 49 – 57 .
  • Ackerman , N and Madewell , BR . 1980 . Thoracic and abdominal radiographic abnormalities in the multicentric form of lymphosarcoma in dogs . J Am Vet Med Assoc , 176 : 36 – 40 .
  • Couto , CG . 1985 . Canine lymphomas: something old, something new . Comp Cont Educ Pract Vet , 7 : 291 – 302 .
  • Muller , GH , Kirk , RW and Scott , DW . 1989 . “ Cutaneous lymphosarcoma ” . In Small Animal Dermatology. , 4th edition , 918 – 27 . Philadelphia : WB Saunders Co .
  • Kelly , DF , Halliwell , REW and Schwartzman , RM . 1972 . Generalized cutaneous eruption in a dog, with histologiral similarity to human mycosis fungoides . Br J Dermatol , 86 : 164 – 71 .
  • Shadduck , JA , Reedy , L , Lawton , G and Freeman , R . 1978 . A canine cutaneous lymphoproliferative disease resembling mycosis fungoides in man . Vet Pathol , 15 : 716 – 24 .
  • Walton , DK . 1986 . “ Canine epidermotropic lymphoma (Mycosis fungoides and pagetoid reticulosis) ” . In Current Veterinary Therapy IX. Small Animal Practice , Edited by: Kirk , RW . 609 – 14 . Philadelphia : WB Saunders Co .
  • Fivenson , DP , Beck , ER , Dunstan , RW , Nickoloff , BJ and Moore , PF . 1992 . Dermal dendrocytes and T‐cells in canine mycosis fungoides . Cancer , 70 : 2091 – 8 .
  • Thrall , MA , Macy , DW , Snyder , SP and Hall , RL . 1984 . Cutaneous lymphosarcoma and leukemia in a dog resembling Sezary's syndrome in man . Vet Pathol , 21 : 182 – 6 .
  • DeBoer , DJ , Turrel , JM and Moore , PF . 1990 . Mycosis fungoides in a dog: demonstration of T‐cell specificity and response to radiotherapy . J Am Anim Hosp Assoc , 26 : 566 – 72 .
  • Johnson , JA and Patterson , JM . 1981 . Canine epidermotropic lymphoproliferative disease resembling pagetoid reticulosis in man . Vet Pathol , 18 : 487
  • Couto , CG . 1986 . “ Canine extranodal lymphomas ” . In Current Veterinary Therapy IX. Small Animal Practice , Edited by: Kirk , RW . 473 – 7 . Philadelphia : WB Saunders Co .
  • Couto , CG , Cullen , J , Pedroia , V and Turrel , JM . 1984 . Central nervous system lymphosarcoma in the dog . J Am Vet Med Assoc , 184 : 809 – 13 .
  • Rosin , A . 1982 . Neurologic disease associated with lymphosarcoma in ten dogs . J Am Vet Med Assoc , 181 : 50 – 3 .
  • Swanson , JF . 1990 . Ocular manifestations of systemic disease . Vet Clin North Am, Small Anim Pract , 20 : 849 – 67 .
  • Davis , TE . 1985 . “ Non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas ” . In Cecil Textbook of Medicine. , 17th ed. , Edited by: Wyngaarden , JB and Smith , LH . 994 – 9 . Philadelphia : WB Saunders Co .
  • Moormeier , JA , Williams , SF and Golomb , HM . 1990 . The staging of non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas . Semin Oncol , 17 : 43 – 50 .
  • MacEwen , EG and Young , KM . 1989 . “ Canine lymphoma and lymphoid leukemias ” . In Clinical Veterinary Oncology , Edited by: Withrow , SJ and MacEwen , EG . 380 – 93 . Philadelphia : JB Lippincott Co .
  • Carbone , PP , Kaplan , US , Musshoff , K , Smithers , DW and Tubiana , M . 1971 . Report of the Committee on Hodgkin's disease staging classification . Cancer Res , 31 : 1860 – 1 .
  • Bloom , F and Meyer , LM . 1945 . Malignant lymphoma (so‐called leukemia) in dogs . Am J Pathol , 21 : 683 – 715 .
  • Jennings , AR . 1953 . Blood and visceral changes in canine leukemia (Lymphadenosis) . J Comp Path , 63 : 85 – 92 .
  • Squire , RA . 1969 . Spontaneous hematopoietic rumors of dogs . NCI Monogr , 32 : 97 – 116 .
  • Jain , NC . 1986 . “ The leukemia complex ” . In Schalm's Veterinary Hematology. , 4th ed , 838 – 908 . Philadelphia : Lea & Febiger .
  • Madewell , BR and Feldman , BF . 1980 . Characterization of anemias associated with neoplasia in small animals . J Am Vet Med Assoc , 176 : 419 – 25 .
  • Raskin , RE and Krehbiel , JD . 1989 . Prevalence of leukemic blood and bone marrow in dogs with multicentric lymphoma . J Am Vet Med Assoc , 194 : 1427 – 9 .
  • Dick , F , Bloomfield , CD and Brunning , RD . 1974 . Incidence, cytology, and histopathology of non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas in the bone marrow . Cancer , 33 : 1382 – 98 .
  • Jones , SE , Rosenberg , SA and Kaplan , HS . 1972 . Non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas. I. Bone marrow involvement . Cancer , 29 : 954 – 60 .
  • Weller , RE , Holmberg , CA , Theilen , GH and Madewell , BR . 1982 . Canine lymphosarcoma and hypercalcaemia: clinical, laboratory and pathologic evaluation of twenty‐four cases . J Small Anim Pract , 23 : 649 – 58 .
  • Weir , EC , Norrdin , RW , Matus , RE , Brooks , MB , Broadus , AE , Mitnick , M , Johnston , SD and Isogna , KL . 1988 . Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy in canine lymphosarcoma . Endocrinology , 122 : 602 – 8 .
  • Weller , RE and Hoffman , WE . 1992 . Renal function in dogs with lymphosarcoma and associated hypercalcaemia . J Small Anim Pract , 33 : 61 – 6 .
  • Rosol , TJ , Nagode , LA , Couto , CG , Hammer , AS , Chew , DJ , Peterson , JL , Ayl , RD , Steinmeyer , CL and Capen , CC . 1992 . Parathyroid hormone (PTH)‐related protein, PTH, and a,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D in dogs with cancer‐associated hypercalcemia . Endocrinology , 131 : 1157 – 64 .
  • Chew , DJ and Meuten , DJ . 1982 . Disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism . Vet Clin Nrth Am , 12 : 411 – 38 .
  • Weir , EC , Greenlee , P , Matus , R , Brooks , M , Morris , C and Insogna , K . 1988 . Hypercalcemia in canine lymphosarcoma is associated with the T‐cell sub‐type and with secretion of a PTH‐like factor . J Bone Mineral Res , 3 : S106 (Abstract)
  • Grossman , B , Schechter , GP , Horton , JE , Pierce , L , Jaffe , E and Whal , L . 1981 . Hypercalcemia associated with T‐cell lymphoma‐leukemia . Am J Clin Pathol , 75 : 149 – 55 .
  • Kinoshita , K , Kamihira , S , Ikeda , S , Yamada , Y , Muta , T , Kitamura , T , Ichimaru , M and Matsuo , T . 1982 . Clinical, hematologic, and pathologic features of leukemic T‐cell lymphoma . Cancer , 50 : 1554 – 62 .
  • Stewart , AF , Horst , R , Deftos , LJ , Cadman , EC , Lang , R and Broadus , AE . 1980 . Biochemical evaluation of patients with cancer‐associated hypercalcemia . N Eng J Med , 303 : 1377 – 83 .
  • Rosol , TJ and Capen , CC . 1988 . Pathogencsis of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy . Dom Anim Endocrinol , 5 : 1 – 21 .
  • Rosenthal , N , Insogna , KL , Godsall , JW , Smaldone , L , Waldron , JA and Stewart , AF . 1985 . Elevations in circulating 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D in three patients with lymphoma‐associated hypercalcaemia . J Clin Endocrinol Metab , 60 : 29 – 33 .
  • Mundy , GR . 1990 . Pathophysiology of cancer‐associated hypercalcemia . Sem Oncol , 17 : 10 – 5 .
  • Moldovanu , G , Friedman , M and Miller , DG . 1966 . Treatment of canine malignant lymphoma with surgery and chemotherapy . J Am Vet Med Assoc , 148 : 153 – 6 .
  • Brick , JO , Roenigk , WJ and Wilson , GP . 1968 . Chemotherapy of malignant lymphoma in dogs and cats . J Am Vet Med Assoc , 153 : 47 – 52 .
  • Brooks , MB , Matus , RE , Lcifer , CE and Patnaik , AK . 1987 . Use of splenectomy in the management of lymphoma in dogs: 16 cases (1976–1985) . J Am Vet Med Assoc , 191 : 1008 – 10 .
  • Bell , R , Cotter , SM , Lillquist , A , Sallan , S and McCaffrey , R . 1984 . Characterization of glucocorticoid receptors in animal lymphoblastic disease: correlation with response to single agent glucocorticoid treatment . Blood , 63 : 380 – 3 .
  • Narashimham , P and Glasberg , S . 1983 . Responses to dicthylstilbesterol in a patient with refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia associated with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (Richter's syndrome) . 1983 Proceedings second International Congress on Hormones and Cancer . 1983 . New York : Pergamon Press . Abstract
  • Narashimham , P . 1984 . Tamoxifen in the treatment of refractory lymphoma . New Engl J Med , 311 : 1258 – 9 .
  • Teskc , E , Besselink , CMLT , Blankenstein , MA , Rulteman , GR and Misdorp , W . 1987 . The occurrence of estrogen and progestin receptors and anti‐estrogen binding sites (AEBS) in canine non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas . Anticancer Res , 7 : 857 – 60 .
  • Vicini , DS , Oglivie , GK , Katzenellenbogen , J and Carlson , K . 1991 . Measurement of estrogen receptors in normal and neoplastic lymph node tissue from dogs . Am J Vet Res , 52 : 2055 – 9 .
  • Hardy , WD and Old , LJ . 1970 . L‐asparaginase in the treatment of neoplastic diseases of the dog, cat and cow . Recent Results in Cancer Res , 33 : 131 – 9 .
  • Postorino , NC , Susaneck , SJ , Withrow , SJ , Macy , DW and Harris , C . 1989 . Single agent therapy with Adriamycin for canine lymphosarcoma . J Am Anim Hosp Assoc , 25 : 221 – 5 .
  • Teske , E , Rutteman , GR , Heerde , P van and Misdorp , W . 1990 . Polyethy‐lene glycol‐L‐asparaginase in canine non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma . Eur J Cancer , 26 : 891 – 5 .
  • MacEwen , EG , Rosenthal , RC , Fox , LE , Loar , AS and Kurzman , ID . 1992 . Evaluation of L‐asparaginase: polyethylene glycol conjugate versus native L‐asparaginase combined with chemotherapy. A randomized double‐blind study in canine lymphoma . J Vet Int Med , 6 : 230 – 4 .
  • Johnson , RE , O'Connor , GT , Titus , W and Hafermann , MD . 1969 . Comparative clinical, histologic, and radiotherapeutic aspects of canine and human malignant lymphoma . Radiology , 93 : 395 – 9 .
  • Laing , EJ , Fitzpatrick , PJ , Bennington , AG , Norris , AM , Mossed , A , Rider , WD , Valli , VE and Baur , A . 1989 . Half‐body radiotherapy in the treatment of canine lymphoma . J Vet Int Med , 3 : 102 – 8 .
  • Weiden , PL , Storb , R , Deeg , HJ , Graham , TC and Thomas , ED . 1979 . Prolonged disease‐free survival in dogs with lymphoma after total‐body irridation and autologous marrow transplantation consolidation of combination chemotherapy‐induced remissions . Blood , 54 : 1039 – 49 .
  • Deeg , HJ , Appelbaum , FR , Weiden , PL , Hackman , RC , Graham , TC and Storb , R . 1985 . Autologous marrow transplantation as consilidation therapy for canine lymphoma: efficacy and toxicity of various regimens of total body irradiation . Am J Vet Res , 46 : 2016 – 8 .
  • Bowles , CA , Bull , M , McCormick , K , Kadin , M and Lucas , D . 1980 . Autologous bone marrow transplantation following chemotherapy and irradiation in dogs with spontaneous lymphomas . J Natl Cancer Inst , 65 : 615 – 20 .
  • Appelbaum , FR , Deeg , HJ , Storb , R , Graham , TC , Charrier , K and Bensinger , W . 1986 . Cure of malignant lymphoma in dogs with peripheral blood stem cell transplantation . Transplantation , 42 : 19 – 22 .
  • MacEwen , EG , Hayes , AA , Hess , PVV , Hardy , WD and Middleman , P . 1977 . A clinical evaluation of the effectiveness of immunothcrapy combined with chemotherapy for canine lymphosarcoma . Bentvelzen J, and Yohn DS eds. 8th International Symposium on Comparative Research on Leukemia and Related Diseases . August 22–26 1977 , Amsterdam. pp. 162 Abstracts, 1977
  • MacEwcn , EG , Hayes , AA , Mooney , S , Patnaik , A , Kurzman , I and Hardy , WD . 1985 . Lcvamisole as adjuvant to chemotherapy for canine lymphosarcoma . J Biol Response Mod , 4 : 427 – 33 .
  • Crow , SE , Theilen , GH , Benjamini , E , Torten , M , Henness , AM and Buhles , WC . 1977 . Chemoimmunothcrapy for canine lymphosarcoma . Cancer , 40 : 2102 – 8 .
  • Theilen , GH , Worley , M and Bejamini , E . 1977 . Chemoimmunothcrapy for canine lymphosarcoma . J Am Vet Mcd Assoc , 170 : 607 – 10 .
  • Weller , RE , Theilen , GH , Madewell , BR , Crow , SE , Bcnjamini , E and Villalobos , A . 1980 . Chemoimmunothcrapy for canine lymphosarcoma: a prospective evaluation of specific and nonspecific immunomodulation . Am J Vet Res , 41 : 516 – 21 .
  • Juillard , GJF , Boyer , PJJ and Snow , HD . 1976 . Intralymphatic infusion of autochthonous tumor cells in canine lymphoma . Int J Rad Oncol Biol Phys , 1 : 497 – 503 .
  • Jeglum , KA , Young , KM , Barnsley , K , Whereat , A , McGrath , D and Hutson , C . 1986 . Intralymphatic autochthonous tumor cell vaccine in canine lymphoma . J Biol Resp Modif , 5 : 168 – 75 .
  • Jeglum , KA , Young , KM , Barnsley , K and Whereat , A . 1988 . Chemotherapy versus chemotherapy with intralymphatic tumor cell vaccine in canine lymphoma . Cancer , 61 : 2042 – 50 .
  • Jeglum , KA and Steplewski , Z . 1988 . Canine lymphoma: a model for clinical trials of cytotoxic murinc monoclonal antibodies . Proceedings of AACR , 29 : 421
  • Paryani , SB , Hoppe , RT , Cox , RS , Colby , TV , Rosenberg , SA and Kaplan , US . 1983 . Analysis of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma with nodular and favorable histologies, stage I and II . Cancer , 52 : 2300 – 7 .
  • Portlock , CS . 1990 . Management of the low‐grade non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas . Sem Oncol , 17 : 51 – 9 .
  • Hoppe , RT , Kushlan , P , Kaplan , HS , Rosenberg , SA and Brown , B W . 1981 . The treatment of advanced stage favorable histology non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma: a preliminary report on a randomized trial comparing single agent chemotherapy, combination chemotherapy, and whole body irradiation . Blood , 58 : 592 – 8 .
  • Young , RC , Longo , DL , Glatstein , E , Ihde , DC , Jaffe , ES and DeVita , VT Jr . 1988 . The treament of indolent lymphomas: watchful waiting v aggressive combined modality treatment. Scmin Hematol , 25 ( Suppl 2 ) : 11 – 6 .
  • DeVita , VT Jr , Canellos , GP , Chabner , B , Schein , P , Hubbard , SP and Young , RC . 1975 . Advanced diffuse histiocytic lymphoma: a potentially curable disease . Lancet , i : 248 – 50 .
  • Coltman , CA Jr , Dahlberg , S Jones , SE . 1986 . “ CHOP is curative in thirty percent of patients with large cell lymphoma: a twelve‐year Southwest Oncology Group follow‐up ” . In Advances in Cancer Chemotherapy , Edited by: Skarin , AT . 71 – 7 . New York, NY : Park Row .
  • Longo , DL , DeVita , VT , Duffey , PL , Wesley , MN , Ihde , DC , Hubbard , SM , Gilliam , M , Jaffe , ES , Cossman , J , Fisher , RI and Young , RC . 1991 . Superiority of ProMACE‐MOPP in the treatment of advanced diffuse aggressive lymphoma; results of a prospective randomized trial . J Clin Oncol , 9 : 25 – 8 .
  • Boyd , DB , Coleman , M Papish , SW . 1988 . COPBLAM III: infusional combination chemotherapy for diffuse large cell lymphoma . J Clin Oncol , 6 : 425 – 33 .
  • Takvorian , T , Canellos , GP , Ritz , J , Freedman , AS , Anderson , KC , Maugh , P , Tarbell , N , Coral , F , Daley , H , Yeap , B , Schlossman , SF and Nadler , LM . 1987 . Prolonged disease‐free survival after autologous bone marrow transplantation in patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma with a poor prognosis . N Eng J Med , 316 : 1499 – 1505 .
  • Gilewski , TA and Richards , JM . 1990 . Biologic response modifiers in non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas . Scm Oncol , 17 : 74 – 87 .
  • Jones , SE , Grozea , PN , Miller , TP , Van Slyck , EJ , Balcerzak , SP , Costanzi , JJ , Morrison , FS , Eyre , HJ , Fabian , CJ , Dabich , L , Dixon , DO , Hartsock , RJ , Grogan , TM , Kjeldsberg , C and Schnitzer , B . 1985 . Chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone alone or with levamisole or with levamisole plus BCG for malignant lymphoma: a Southwest Oncology Group study . J Clin Oncol , 3 : 1318 – 24 .
  • Ravaud , A , Eghbali , H , Trojani , M , Hocrni‐Simon , G , Soubeyran , P and Hoemi , B . 1990 . Adjuvant Bacillus Calmcttc‐Guerin therapy in non‐Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas: long‐term results of a randomized trial in a single institution . J Clin Oncol , 8 : 608 – 14 .
  • Schwartz , SN . 1988 . Spontaneous regression of lymphosarcoma in a dog . J Am Vet Mcd Assoc , 192 : 222 – 4 .
  • MacEwcn , EG , Hayes , AA , Matus , RE and Kurzman , I . 1987 . Evaluation of some prognostic factors for advanced multiccntric lymphosarcoma in the dog. 147 cases (1978–1981) . J Am Vet Mcd Assoc , 190 : 564 – 8 .
  • Page , RL , Macy , DW , Oglivie , GK , Rosner , GL , Dewhirst , MW , Thrall , DE , Withrow , SJ , McEntee , MC , Cline , JM , Hcidncr , GL , Novotncy , CA and Gilettes , EL . 1992 . Phase III evaluation of doxorubicin and whole‐body hypothermia in dogs with lymphoma . Int J Hyperthermia , 8 : 187 – 97 .
  • Keller , ET , MacEwen , EG , Rosenthal , RC , Hclfiand , SC and Fox , LE . 1993 . Evaluation of prognostic factors and sequential combination chemotherapy with doxorubicin for canine lymphoma . J Vet Int Med , 7 : 289 – 95 .
  • Cotter , SM . 1983 . Treatment of lymphoma and leukemia with cyclophosphamide, vincristinc, and prednisone: I. Treatment of dogs . J Am Anim Hosp Assoc , 19 : 159 – 65 .
  • MacEwen , EG , Brown , NO , Patnaik , AK , Hayes , AA and Passe , S . 1982 . Cyclic combination chemotherapy of canine lymphosarcoma . J Am Vet Med Assoc , 178 : 1178 – 81 .
  • Yi , PI , Coleman , M , Saltz , L , Norton , L , Topilow , AA , Adler , K and Bernhardt , B . 1990 . Chemotherapy for large cell lymphoma: a status update . Sem Oncol , 17 : 60 – 73 .
  • Braylan , RC . 1993 . Flow‐cytomctric DNA analysis in the diagnosis and prognosis of lymphoma . Am J Clin Pathol , 99 : 374 – 80 .
  • Teske , E , Rutteman , GR , Kuipers‐Dijkshoorn , NJ , Dierendonck , JH van , Heerde , P van. and Cornelisse , CJ . 1993 . DNA ploidy and cell kinetic characteristics in canine non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma . Exp Hematol , 21 : 579 – 84 .
  • Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht. P.O. Box 80.154, 3508 TD Utrecht, the Netherlands

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.