Diagnostic tools to monitor udder health in dairy goats

References

• Ameh , JA , Addo , PB , Adekeye , JO , Gyang , EO , Teddek , LB and Abubakar , Y . 1994 . Gangrenous caprine coliform mastitis . Small Rumin Res , 13 : 307 – 309 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen , S , Dohoo , IR , Olde Riekerink , R and Stryhn , H . 2010 . Diagnosing intramammary infections: evaluating expert opinions on the definition of intramammary infection using conjoint analysis . J Dairy Sci , 93 : 2966 – 2975 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergonier , D , Berthelot , X and Poumarat , F . 1997 . Contagious agalactia of small ruminants: current knowledge concerning epidemiology, diagnosis and control . OIE Rev Sci Technol , 16 : 848 – 873 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergonier , D , de Cremoux , R , Rupp , R , Lagriffoul , G and Berthelot , X . 2003 . Mastitis of dairy small ruminants . Vet Res , 34 : 689 – 716 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bexiga , R , Koskinen , MT , Holopainen , J , Carneiro , C , Pereira , H , Ellis , KA and Vilela , CL . 2011 . Diagnosis of intramammary infection in samples yielding negative results or minor pathogens in conventional bacterial culturing . J Dairy Res , 78 : 49 – 55 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boscos , C , Stefanakis , A , Alexopoulos , C and Samartzi , F . 1996 . Prevalence of subclinical mastitis and influence of breed, parity, stage of lactation and mammary bacteriological status on Coulter Counter Counts and California Mastitis Test in the milk of Saanen and autochthonous Greek goats . Small Rumin Res , 21 : 139 – 147 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buelow , KL , Thomas , CB , Goodger , WJ , Nordlund , KV and Collins , MT . 1996 . Effect of milk sample collection strategy on the sensitivity and specificity of bacteriologic culture and somatic cell count for detection of Staphylococcus aureus intramammary infection in dairy cattle . Prev Vet Med , 26 : 1 – 8 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castro-Alonso , A , Rodríguez , F , De la Fé , C , Espinosa de los Monteros , A , Poveda , JB , Andrada , M and Herráez , P . 2009 . Correlating the immune response with the clinical-pathological course of persistent mastitis experimentally induced by Mycoplasma agalactiae in dairy goats . Res Vet Sci , 86 : 274 – 280 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Contreras , A , Corrales , JC , Sánchez , A and Sierra , D . 1997 . Persistence of subclinical intramammary pathogens in goats throughout lactation . J Dairy Sci , 80 : 2815 – 2819 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Contreras , A , Luengo , C , Sánchez , A and Corrales , JC . 2003 . The role of intramammary pathogens in dairy goats . Livest Prod Sci , 79 : 273 – 283 .
   Google Scholar
• Contreras , A , Sierra , D , Corrales , JC , Sánchez , A and Marco , J . 1996 . Physiological threshold of somatic cell count and California Mastitis Test for diagnosis of caprine subclinical mastitis . Small Rumin Res , 21 : 259 – 264 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Contreras , A , Sierra , D , Sánchez , A , Corrales , JC , Marco , JC , Paape , MJ and Gonzalo , C . 2007 . Mastitis in small ruminants . Small Rumin Res , 68 : 145 – 153 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corrales , JC , Sanchez , A , Luengo , C , Poveda , JB and Contreras , A . 2004 . Effect of clinical contagious agalactia on the bulk tank milk somatic cell count in Murciano-Granadina goat herds . J Dairy Sci , 87 : 3165 – 3171 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deinhofer , M and Pernthaner , A . 1995 . Staphylococcus spp. as mastitis-related pathogens in goat milk . Vet Microbiol , 43 : 161 – 166 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dohoo , IR , Smith , J , Andersen , S , Kelton , DF and Godden , S . 2011 . Diagnosing intramammary infections: evaluation of definitions based on a single milk sample . J Dairy Sci , 94 : 250 – 261 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dulin , AM , Paape , MJ , Schultze , WD and Weinland , BT . 1983 . Effect of parity, stage of lactation, and intramammary infection on concentration of somatic cells and cytoplasmic particles in goat milk . J Dairy Sci , 66 : 2426 – 2433 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erskine , RJ and Eberhart , RJ . 1988 . Comparison of duplicate and single quarter milk samples for the identification of intramammary infections . J Dairy Sci , 71 : 854 – 856 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomes , V , Melville Paiva Della Libera , AM , Paiva , M , Madureira , KM and Araujo , WP . 2006 . Effect of the stage of lactation on somatic cell counts in healthy goats (Caprae hircus) breed in Brazil . Small Rumin Res , 64 : 30 – 34 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haenlein , GFW . 2002 . Relationship of somatic cell counts in goat milk to mastitis and productivity . Small Rumin Res , 45 : 163 – 178 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall , SM and Rycroft , AN . 2007 . Causative organisms and somatic cell counts in subclinical intramammary infections in milking goats in the UK . Vet Rec , 160 : 19 – 22 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hogan , SJ , González , RN , Harmon , RJ , Nickerson , SC , Oliver , SG , Pankey , JW and Smith , KL . 1999 . Laboratory handbook on bovine mastitis , Revised , Verona, WI, USA : National Mastitis Council .
   Google Scholar
• Hunter , AC . 1984 . Microflora and somatic cell content of goat milk . Vet Rec , 114 : 318 – 320 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalogridou-Vassiliadou , D . 1991 . Mastitis-related pathogens in goat milk . Small Rumin Res , 4 : 203 – 212 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koop , G , Dik , N , Nielen , M and Lipman , LJA . 2010a . Short communication: repeatability of differential goat bulk milk culture and associations with somatic cell count, total bacterial count, and standard plate count . J Dairy Sci , 93 : 2569 – 2573 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koop , G , Nielen , M and van Werven , T . 2009 . Bulk milk somatic cell counts are related to bulk milk total bacterial counts and several herd-level risk factors in dairy goats . J Dairy Sci , 92 : 4355 – 4364 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koop , G , van Werven , T , Schuiling , HJ and Nielen , M . 2010b . The effect of subclinical mastitis on milk yield in dairy goats . J Dairy Sci , 93 : 5809 – 5817 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koop , G , van Werven , T , Toft , N and Nielen , M . 2011 . Estimating test characteristics of somatic cell count to detect Staphylococcus aureus-infected dairy goats using latent class analysis . J Dairy Sci , 94 : 2902 – 2911 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koskinen , MT , Holopainen , J , Pyörälä , S , Bredbacka , P , Pitkälä , A , Barkema , HW , Bexiga , R , Roberson , J , Sølverød , L Piccinini , R . 2009 . Analytical specificity and sensitivity of a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for identification of bovine mastitis pathogens . J Dairy Sci , 92 : 952 – 959 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koskinen , MT , Wellenberg , GJ , Sampimon , OC , Holopainen , J , Rothkamp , A , Salmikivi , L , van Haeringen , WA , Lam , TJGM and Pyörälä , S . 2010 . Field comparison of real-time polymerase chain reaction and bacterial culture for identification of bovine mastitis bacteria . J Dairy Sci , 93 : 5707 – 5715 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leitner , G , Merin , U , Lavi , Y , Egber , A and Silanikove , N . 2007 . Aetiology of intramammary infection and its effect on milk composition in goat flocks . J Dairy Res , 74 : 186 – 193 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lerondelle , C , Richard , Y and Issartial , J . 1992 . Factors affecting somatic cell counts in goat milk . Small Rumin Res , 8 : 129 – 139 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luengo , C , Sánchez , A , Corrales , JC , Fernández , C and Contreras , A . 2004 . Influence of intramammary infection and non-infection factors on somatic cell counts in dairy goats . J Dairy Res , 71 : 169 – 174 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maisi , P and Riipinen , I . 1991 . Pathogenicity of different species of staphylococci in caprine udder . Br Vet J , 147 : 126 – 132 .
   Google Scholar
• Manlongat , N , Yang , TJ , Hinckley , LS , Bendel , RB and Krider , HM . 1998 . Physiologic-chemoattractant-induced migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in milk . Clin Diagn Lab Immunol , 5 : 375 – 381 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McDougall , S and Voermans , M . 2002 . Influence of estrus on somatic cell count in dairy goats . J Dairy Sci , 85 : 378 – 383 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merin , U , Silanikove , N , Shapiro , F , Bernstein , S and Leitner , G . 2004 . Changes in milk composition as affected by subclinical mastitis in sheep and goats . S Afr J Anim Sci , 34 : 188 – 191 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Min , BR , Tomita , G and Hart , SP . 2007 . Effect of subclinical intramammary infection on somatic cell counts and chemical composition of goats' milk . J Dairy Res , 74 : 204 – 210 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moroni , P , Pisoni , G , Antonini , M , Ruffo , G , Carli , S , Varisco , G and Boettcher , P . 2005 . Subclinical mastitis and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus caprae and Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from two Italian goat herds . J Dairy Sci , 88 : 1694 – 1704 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moroni , P , Pisoni , G , Savoini , G , van Lier , E , Acuna , S , Damian , JP and Meikle , A . 2007 . Influence of estrus of dairy goats on somatic cell count, milk traits, and sex steroid receptors in the mammary gland . J Dairy Sci , 90 : 790 – 797 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olde Riekerink , RG , Barkema , HW , Scholl , DT , Poole , DE and Kelton , DF . 2010 . Management practices associated with the bulk-milk prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in Canadian dairy farms . Prev Vet Med , 97 : 20 – 28 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olde Riekerink , RG , Barkema , HW , Veenstra , S , Poole , DE , Dingwell , RT and Keefe , GP . 2006 . Prevalence of contagious mastitis pathogens in bulk tank milk in Prince Edward Island . Can Vet J , 47 : 567 – 572 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olechnowicz , J and Sobek , Z . 2008 . Factors of variation influencing production level, SCC and basic milk composition in dairy goats . J Anim Feed Sci , 17 : 41 – 49 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paape , MJ and Capuco , AV . 1997 . Cellular defense mechanisms in the udder and lactation of goats . J Anim Sci , 75 : 556 – 565 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paape , MJ , Poutrel , B , Contreras , A , Marco , JC and Capuco , AV . 2001 . Milk somatic cells and lactation in small ruminants . J Dairy Sci , 84 : E237 – E244 .
   Google Scholar
• Paape , MJ , Wiggans , GR , Bannerman , DD , Thomas , DL , Sanders , AH , Contreras , A , Moroni , P and Miller , RH . 2007 . Monitoring goat and sheep milk somatic cell counts . Small Rumin Res , 68 : 114 – 125 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park , YW . 1991 . Interrelationships between somatic cell counts, electrical conductivity, bacteria counts, percent fat and protein in goat milk . Small Rumin Res , 5 : 367 – 375 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perrin , GG and Baudry , C . 1993 . Somatic cell counts in goats milk . Le Lait , 73 : 489 – 497 .
   Google Scholar
• Pirisi , A , Lauret , A and Dubeuf , JP . 2007 . Basic and incentive payments for goat and sheep milk in relation to quality . Small Rumin Res , 68 : 167 – 178 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rota , AM , Gonzalo , C , Rodriguez , PL , Rojas , AI , Martin , L and Tovar , JJ . 1993 . Somatic cell types in goats milk in relation to total cell count, stage and number of lactation . Small Rumin Res , 12 : 89 – 98 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruegg , PL . 2009 . The quest for the perfect test: phenotypic versus genotypic identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci associated with bovine mastitis . Vet Microbiol , 134 : 15 – 19 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rysanek , D , Zouharova , M and Babak , V . 2009 . Monitoring major mastitis pathogens at the population level based on examination of bulk tank milk samples . J Dairy Res , 76 : 117 – 123 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salama , AAK , Caja , G , Such , X , Casals , R and Albanell , E . 2005 . Effect of pregnancy and extended lactation on milk production in dairy goats milked once daily . J Dairy Sci , 88 : 3894 – 3904 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sánchez , A , Contreras , A , Corrales , JC and Marco , JC . 2001 . Relationships between infection with caprine arthritis encephalitis virus, intramammary bacterial infection and somatic cell counts in dairy goats . Vet Rec , 148 : 711 – 714 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sánchez , A , Contreras , A , Corrales , JC and Munoz , P . 2004 . Influence of sampling time on bacteriological diagnosis of goat intramammary infection . Vet Mic , 98 : 329 – 332 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sánchez , A , Contreras , A , Jimenez , J , Luengo , C , Corrales , JC and Fernández , C . 2003 . Effect of freezing goat milk samples on recovery of intramammary bacterial pathogens . Vet Mic , 94 : 71 – 77 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanford , CJ , Keefe , GP , Sanchez , J , Dingwell , RT , Barkema , HW , Leslie , KE and Dohoo , IR . 2006 . Test characteristics from latent-class models of the California Mastitis Test . Prev Vet Med , 77 : 96 – 108 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaeren , W and Maurer , J . 2006 . Haufigkeiten subklinischer euterinfektionen und individuelle zellzahlen in drei ziegenherden im verlaufe einer gesamten laktation . Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd , 148 : 641 – 648 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuiling , HJ . 2007 . Prolonged lactations in goats. Report 97 , Wageningen UR : Animal Sciences Group .
   Google Scholar
• Sheldrake , RF , Hoare , RJ and Woodhouse , VE . 1981 . Relationship of somatic cell count and cell volume analysis of goat's milk to intramammary infection with coagulase-negative staphylococci . J Dairy Res , 48 : 393 – 403 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , MC and Sherman , DM . 2009 . Mammary gland and milk productionGoat medicine , 2nd , Vol. Chap. 14 , 647 – 689 . Ames, IA, USA : Wiley-Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Sol , J , Sampimon , OC , Hartman , E and Barkema , HW . 2002 . Effect of preculture freezing and incubation on bacteriological isolation from subclinical mastitis samples . Vet Microbiol , 85 : 241 – 249 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Supré , K , Haesebrouck , F , Zadoks , RN , Vaneechoutte , M , Piepers , S and De Vliegher , S . 2011 . Some coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species affect udder health more than others . J Dairy Sci , 94 : 2329 – 2340 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talafha , AQ , Lafi , SQ and Ababneh , MM . 2008 . The effect of estrus synchronization treatment on somatic cell count of transitional-anestrus local-Damascus cross breed goats' milk . Trop Anim Health Prod , 40 : 185 – 192 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taponen , S , Salmikivi , L , Simojoki , H , Koskinen , MT and Pyörälä , S . 2009 . Real-time polymerase chain reaction-based identification of bacteria in milk samples from bovine clinical mastitis with no growth in conventional culturing . J Dairy Sci , 92 : 2610 – 2617 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torres , AH , Rajala-Schultz , PJ and DeGraves , FJ . 2009 . Diagnosis of intramammary infections at dry-off based on sampling strategy, epidemiology of pathogens, and agreement beyond chance . J Vet Diag Inv , 21 : 427 – 436 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turin , L , Pisoni , G , Giannino , ML , Antonini , M , Rosati , S , Ruffo , G and Moroni , P . 2005 . Correlation between milk parameters in CAEV seropositive and negative primiparous goats during an eradication program in Italian farm . Small Rumin Res , 57 : 73 – 79 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valle , J , Piriz , S , de la Fuente , R and Vadillo , S . 1991 . Staphylococci isolated from healthy goats . Zentralbl Veterinarmed B , 38 : 81 – 89 .
   Google Scholar
• White , EC and Hinckley , LS . 1999 . Prevalence of mastitis pathogens in goat milk . Small Rumin Res , 33 : 117 – 121 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson , DJ , Stewart , KN and Sears , PM . 1995 . Effects of stage of lactation, production, parity and season on somatic cell counts in infected and uninfected dairy goats . Small Rumin Res , 16 : 165 – 169 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zadoks , RN and Watts , JL . 2009 . Species identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci: genotyping is superior to phenotyping . Vet Microbiol , 134 : 20 – 28 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar