Vision Loss from Choroidal and Pituitary Metastases Secondary to Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report

References

• Dafashy TJ, Ghaffary CK, Keyes KT, Sonstein J. Synchronous renal cell carcinoma and gastrointestinal malignancies. Case Rep Urol. 2016;2016:7329463.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Patard JJ, Leray E, Rioux-Leclercq N, et al. Prognostic value of histologic subtypes in renal cell carcinoma: A multicenter experience. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:2763–2771. doi:10.1200/JCO.2005.07.055.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheville JC, Lohse CM, Zincke H, Weaver AL, Blute ML. Comparisons of outcome and prognostic features among histologic subtypes of renal cell carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2003;27:612–624. doi:10.1097/00000478-200305000-00005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gudbjartsson T, Hardarson S, Petursdottir V, Thoroddsen A, Magnusson J, Einarsson GV. Histological subtyping and nuclear grading of renal cell carcinoma and their implications for survival: A retrospective nation-wide study of 629 patients. Eur Urol. 2005;48:593–600. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2005.04.016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sountoulides P, Metaxa L, Cindolo L. Atypical presentations and rare metastatic sites of renal cell carcinoma: A review of case reports. J Med Case Rep. 2011;5:429. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-5-429.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bianchi M, Sun M, Jeldres C, et al. Distribution of metastatic sites in renal cell carcinoma: a population-based analysis. Ann Oncol. 2012;23(4):973–980. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdr362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaliki S, Shields CL, Al-Dahmash SA, Mashayekhi A, Shields JA. Photodynamic therapy for choroidal metastasis in 8 cases. Ophthalmology. 2012 June;119(6):1218–1222. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.12.024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harbour JM. Photodynamic therapy for choroidal metastasis from carcinoid tumor. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004 June;137(6):1143–1145. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2004.01.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawakami S, Wakabayashi Y, Goto H. A case of presumed choroidal metastasis from carcinoid tumor treated by photodynamic therapy with verteporfin. Clin Ophthalmol. 2013;7:2003–2006. doi:10.2147/OPTH.S51196.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Redmond KJ, Wharam MD Jr, Schachat AP. Choroidal metastases. In: Retina. Vol. 3. 5th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2012:2324–2329.
   Google Scholar
• Rodney AJ, Gombos DS, Fuller GN, Pagliaro LC, Tannir NM. Choroidal and conjunctival metastases from renal cell carcinoma. Am J Clin Oncol. 2009;32(4):448–449. doi:10.1097/01.coc.0000236211.90803.96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haimovici R, Gragoudas ES, Gregor Z, Pesavento RD, Mieler WF, Duker JS. Choroidal metastases from renal cell carcinoma. Ophthalmology. 1997;104:1152–1158. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(97)30169-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shields CL, Shields JA, Gross NE, Schwartz GP, Lally SE. Survey of 520 eyes with uveal metastases. Ophthalmology. 1997;104:1265–1276. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(97)30148-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stephens RF, Shields JA. Diagnosis and management of cancer metastatic to the uvea: a study of 70 cases. Ophthalmology. 1979;86:1336–1349. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(79)35393-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurli M, Finger PT. The kidney, cancer, and the eye: current concepts. Surv Ophthalmol. 2005 November-December;50(6):507–518. doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2005.08.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Komninos J, Vlassopoulou V, Protopapa D, et al. Tumors metastatic to the pituitary gland: case report and literature review. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:574–580. doi:10.1210/jc.2003-030395.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCormick PC, Post KD, Kandji AD, Hays AP. Metastatic carcinoma to the pituitary gland. Br J Neurosurg. 1989;3(1):71–79. doi:10.3109/02688698909001028.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mourad WF, Dutcher J, Ennis RD. State-of-the-art management of renal cell carcinoma. Am J Clin Oncol. 2014 October;37(5):498–505. doi:10.1097/COC.0b013e31825d5522.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isola V, Pece A, Pierro L. Photodynamic therapy with verteporfin of choroidal malignancy from breast cancer. Am J Ophthalmol. 2006 November;142(5):885–887. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2006.06.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghodasra DH, Demirci H. Photodynamic therapy for choroidal metastasis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2016 January;161:104–9.e1–2. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2015.09.033.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arepalli S, Kaliki S, Shields CL. Choroidal metastases: origin, features, and therapy. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2015 February;63(2):122–127. doi:10.4103/0301-4738.154380.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gore ME, Hariharan S, Porta C, et al. Sunitinib in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients with brain metastases. Cancer. 2011;117:501–509. doi:10.1002/cncr.25452.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Motzer RJ, Hutson TE, Tomczak P, et al. Sunitinib versus interferon alfa in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:115–124. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa065044.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Escudier B, Eisen T, Stadler WM, et al. Sorafenib in advanced clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:125–134. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa060655.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendiratta P, Rini BI, Ornstein MC. Emerging immunotherapy in advanced renal cell carcinoma. Urol Oncol Sem Orig Invest. 2017;35(12):687–693.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunosewoyo H, Yu L, Munoz L, Kassiou M. Kinase targets in CNS drug discovery. Future Med Chem. 2017 March;9(3):303–314. doi:10.4155/fmc-2016-0214.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neagu MR, Reardon DA. An update on the role of immunotherapy and vaccine strategies for primary brain tumors. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2015 November;16(11):54. doi:10.1007/s11864-015-0371-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michot JM, Bigenwald C, Champiat S, et al. Immune-related adverse events with immune checkpoint blockade: a comprehensive review. Eur J Cancer. 2016 February;54:139–148. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2015.11.016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar