111
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Case Report

Visual Hallucinations as a Major Manifestation of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: Case Report and Literature Review

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, & ORCID Icon
Pages 117-122 | Received 20 Jul 2022, Accepted 22 Nov 2022, Published online: 15 Dec 2022

References

  • Anderson RC, Patel V, Sheikh-Bahaei N, et al. Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES): pathophysiology and neuro-imaging. Front Neurol. 2020;11:463. doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00463.
  • Brady E, Parikh NS, Navi BB, Gupta A, Schweitzer AD. The imaging spectrum of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: a pictorial review. Clin Imaging. January–Febuary, 2018;47:80–89. doi:10.1016/j.clinimag.2017.08.008.
  • Hinchey J, Chaves C, Appignani B, et al. A reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome. N Engl J Med. February 22, 1996;334(8):494–500. doi:10.1056/NEJM199602223340803.
  • Monteiro ML, Hoyt WF, Imes RK. Puerperal cerebral blindness. Transient bilateral occipital involvement from presumed cerebral venous thrombosis. Arch Neurol. December, 1984;41(12):1300–1301. doi:10.1001/archneur.1984.04050230086027.
  • Teeple RC, Caplan JP, Stern TA. Visual hallucinations: differential diagnosis and treatment. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2009;11(1):26–32. doi:10.4088/pcc.08r00673.
  • Tallaksen CM, Kerty E, Bakke S. Visual hallucinations in a case of reversible hypertension-induced brain oedema. Eur J Neurol. November, 1998;5(6):615–618. doi:10.1046/j.1468-1331.1998.560615.x.
  • Dos Reis Simões da Silva FM, Burgos Pêgo PM, Henriques Vendrell MC, et al. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and anti-angiogenic agents: a case report. Neuroophthalmology. 2011;35(1):32–37. doi:10.3109/01658107.2010.539763.
  • Suzuki S, Tanigawa N, Kariya S, et al. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome occurring after uterine artery embolization for uterine myoma. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. February, 2011;34(2):S157–60. doi:10.1007/s00270-010-9817-y.
  • Cret N, Halalau M, Rezvani S, Halalau A. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome caused by fioricet (Butalbital-acetaminophen-caffeine). Case Rep Med. 2019;2019:5410872. doi:10.1155/2019/5410872.
  • Dunne RM, Duignan J, Tubridy N, et al. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome with Lilliputian hallucinations secondary to Takayasu’s arteritis. Radiol Case Rep. October, 2020;15(10):1999–2002. doi:10.1016/j.radcr.2020.07.080.
  • Ghosh R, Lahiri D, Dubey S, Ray BK, Benito-León J. Hallucinatory palinopsia in COVID-19-induced posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. J Neuroophthalmol. 12, 2020;40(4):523–526. doi:10.1097/WNO.0000000000001135.
  • Hixon AM, Thaker AA, Pelak VS. Persistent visual dysfunction following posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome due to COVID-19: case series and literature review. Eur J Neurol. 10, 2021;28(10):3289–3302. doi:10.1111/ene.14965.
  • Kamar N, Kany M, Bories P, et al. Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome in hepatitis C virus-positive long-term hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis. April, 2001;37(4):E29. doi:10.1016/s0272-6386(01)90015-0.
  • Baytan B, Ozdemir O, Demirkaya M, Evim MS, Gunes AM. Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy induced by cancer chemotherapy. Pediatr Neurol. September, 2010;43(3):197–201. doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2010.05.005.
  • Jaiswal A, Sabnani I, Baran DA, Zucker MJ. A unique case of rituximab-related posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in a heart transplant recipient with posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder. Am J Transplant. March, 2015;15(3):823–826. doi:10.1111/ajt.13021.
  • Christopoulou F, Rizos EC, Kosta P, Argyropoulou MI, Elisaf M. Does this patient have hypertensive encephalopathy? J Am Soc Hypertens. 5, 2016;10(5):399–403. doi:10.1016/j.jash.2016.01.020.
  • Taniguchi Y, Hanaoka R. Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody disease complicated by posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. Mod Rheumatol Case Rep. 1, 2021;5(1):162–166. doi:10.1080/24725625.2020.1816640.
  • Colombo A, Martinelli Boneschi F, Beretta S, et al. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and COVID-19: a series of 6 cases from Lombardy, Italy. eNeurologicalSci. March, 2021; 22:100306. doi:10.1016/j.ensci.2020.100306.
  • O’Brien J, Taylor JP, Ballard C, et al. Visual hallucinations in neurological and ophthalmological disease: pathophysiology and management. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. May, 2020;91(5):512–519. doi:10.1136/jnnp-2019-322702.
  • Russo M, Carrarini C, Dono F, et al. The pharmacology of visual hallucinations in synucleinopathies. Front Pharmacol. 2019;10:1379. doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.01379.
  • Ffytche DH, Howard RJ, Brammer MJ, David A, Woodruff P, Williams S. The anatomy of conscious vision: an fMRI study of visual hallucinations. Nat Neurosci. December, 1998;1(8):738–742. doi:10.1038/3738.
  • Stebbins GT, Goetz CG, Carrillo MC, et al. Altered cortical visual processing in PD with hallucinations: an fMRI study. Neurology. October 26, 2004; 63(8): 1409–1416. 10.1212/01.wnl.0000141853.27081.bd.
  • Collerton D, Perry E, McKeith I. Why people see things that are not there: a novel perception and attention deficit model for recurrent complex visual hallucinations. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 2005;28(6):737–757. doi:10.1017/S0140525X05000130.
  • Burke W. The neural basis of Charles Bonnet hallucinations: a hypothesis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. November, 2002;73(5):535–541. doi:10.1136/jnnp.73.5.535.
  • Diederich NJ, Goetz CG, Stebbins GT. Repeated visual hallucinations in Parkinson’s disease as disturbed external/internal perceptions: focused review and a new integrative model. Mov Disord. February, 2005;20(2):130–140. doi:10.1002/mds.20308.
  • Goetz CG, Vaughan CL, Goldman JG, Stebbins GT. I finally see what you see: parkinson’s disease visual hallucinations captured with functional neuroimaging. Mov Disord. January, 2014;29(1):115–117. doi:10.1002/mds.25554.
  • Diederich NJ, Fénelon G, Stebbins G, Goetz CG. Hallucinations in Parkinson disease. Nat Rev Neurol. June, 2009;5(6):331–342. doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.62.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.