References
- Preis H, Mahaffey B, Heiselman C, et al. Vulnerability and resilience to pandemic-related stress among US women pregnant at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Soc Sci Med. 2020;266:113348.
- Hessami K, Romanelli C, Chiurazzi M, et al. COVID-19 pandemic and maternal mental health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Matern-Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020;1–8.
- Iyengar U, Jaiprakash B, Haitsuka H, et al. One year into the pandemic: a systematic review of perinatal mental health outcomes during COVID-19. Front Psychiatry. 2021;12:674194.
- Preis H, Mahaffey B, Lobel M. Psychometric properties of the pandemic-related pregnancy stress scale (PREPS). J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2020;41(3):191–197.
- Garcia-Silva J, Caracuel A, Lozano-Ruiz A, et al. Pandemic-related pregnancy stress among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. Midwifery. 2021;103:103163.
- Ilska M, Kołodziej-Zaleska A, Brandt-Salmeri A, et al. Pandemic-related pregnancy stress assessment – psychometric properties of the Polish PREPS and its relationship with childbirth fear. Midwifery. 2021;96:102940.
- Penengo C, Colli C, Garzitto M, et al. Psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Pandemic-Related Pregnancy Stress Scale (PREPS) and its correlation with anxiety and depression. J Affect Disord. 2021;294:48–53.
- Schaal NK, La Marca-Ghaemmaghami P, Preis H, et al. The German version of the pandemic-related pregnancy stress scale: a validation study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2021;256:40–45.
- Yirmiya K, Yakirevich-Amir N, Preis H, et al. Women’s depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of pregnancy. IJERPH. 2021;18(8):4298.
- Preis H, Mahaffey B, Heiselman C, et al. Pandemic-related pregnancy stress and anxiety among women pregnant during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Am J Obstet Gynecol Mfm. 2020;2(3):100155.
- Mahaffey B, Levinson A, Preis H, et al. Elevated risk for obsessive–compulsive symptoms in women pregnant during the COVID-19 pandemic. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2021.
- Preis H, Mahaffey B, Pati S, et al. Adverse perinatal outcomes predicted by prenatal maternal stress among US women at the COVID-19 pandemic onset. Ann Behav Med. 2021;55(3):179–191.
- Norhayati M, Hazlina NN, Asrenee A, et al. Magnitude and risk factors for postpartum symptoms: a literature review. J Affect Disord. 2015;175:34–52.
- Sparks TA, Hunter SK, Backman TL, et al. Maternal parenting stress and mothers’ reports of their infants’ mastery motivation. Infant Behav Dev. 2012;35(1):167–173.
- Cappa KA, Begle AM, Conger JC, et al. Bidirectional relationships between parenting stress and child coping competence: findings from the PACE study. J Child Fam Stud. 2011;20(3):334–342.
- Simons SS, Zijlmans MA, Cillessen AH, et al. Maternal prenatal and early postnatal distress and child stress responses at age 6. Stress. 2019;22(6):654–663.
- Skipstein A, Janson H, Kjeldsen A, et al. Trajectories of maternal symptoms of depression and anxiety over 13 years: the influence of stress, social support, and maternal temperament. BMC Public Health. 2012;12(1):1120–1111.
- Pereira J, Vickers K, Atkinson L, et al. Parenting stress mediates between maternal maltreatment history and maternal sensitivity in a community sample. Child Abuse Negl. 2012;36(5):433–437.
- Fallon V, Davies SM, Silverio SA, et al. Psychosocial experiences of postnatal women during the COVID-19 pandemic. A UK-wide study of prevalence rates and risk factors for clinically relevant depression and anxiety. J Psychiatr Res. 2021;136:157–166.
- Ostacoli L, Cosma S, Bevilacqua F, et al. Psychosocial factors associated with postpartum psychological distress during the Covid-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020;20(1):1–8.
- Ceulemans M, Foulon V, Ngo E, et al. Mental health status of pregnant and breastfeeding women during the COVID‐19 pandemic—a multinational cross‐sectional study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2021;100(7):1219–1229.
- Fernandes DV, Canavarro MC, Moreira H. Postpartum during COVID‐19 pandemic: Portuguese mothers’ mental health, mindful parenting, and mother–infant bonding. J Clin Psychol. 2021;77(9):1997–2010.
- Stepowicz A, Wencka B, Bieńkiewicz J, et al. Stress and anxiety levels in pregnant and post-partum women during the COVID-19 pandemic. IJERPH. 2020;17(24):9450.
- Venta A, Bick J, Bechelli J. COVID-19 threatens maternal mental health and infant development: possible paths from stress and isolation to adverse outcomes and a call for research and practice. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2021;52(2):200–204.
- Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, et al. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(10):1092–1097.
- Welch PG, Carleton RN, Asmundson GJ. Measuring health anxiety: moving past the dichotomous response option of the original Whiteley Index. J Anxiety Disord. 2009;23(7):1002–1007.
- Cann A, Calhoun LG, Tedeschi RG, et al. A short form of the posttraumatic growth inventory. Anxiety Stress Coping. 2010;23(2):127–137.
- Team RC. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2018. https://www.R-project.org
- Rosseel Y. Lavaan: an R package for structural equation modeling and more. Version 0.5–12 (BETA). J Stat Soft. 2012;48(2):1–36.
- Bentler PM, Bonett DG. Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychol Bull. 1980;88(3):588–606.
- IBM. IBM SPSS statistics for windows. Armonk (NY): IBM Corp.; 2017.
- Terwee CB, Bot SD, de Boer MR, et al. Quality criteria were proposed for measurement properties of health status questionnaires. J Clin Epidemiol. 2007;60(1):34–42.
- Swank JM, Mullen PR. Evaluating evidence for conceptually related constructs using bivariate correlations. Meas Eval Counsel Dev. 2017;50(4):270–274.