35
Views
149
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Neurobehavioral effects of central nervous system prophylactic treatment of cancer in children

&
Pages 495-537 | Published online: 04 Jan 2008

References

  • Allen , J. C. 1978 . The effects of cancer therapy on the nervous system . Journal of Pediatrics , 93 : 903 – 909 .
  • Allen , J. C. , Rosen , G. , Mehta , B. P. and Horten , B. 1980 . Leukoencephalopathy following high-dose IV methotrexate chemotherapy with leucovorin rescue . Cancer Treatment Reports , 64 : 1261 – 1273 .
  • Berg , R. A. , Ch'ien , L. T. , Bowman , W. P. and Ochs , J. 1983a . Neuropsychological effects of acute lymphocytic leukemia and its treatment. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association . August 1983a , Anaheim, CA.
  • Berg , R. A. , Ch'ien , L. T. , Bowman , W. P. , Ochs , J. , Lancaster , W. , Goff , J. R. and Anderson , H. R. 1983b . The neuropsychological effects of acute lymphocytic leukemia and its treatment—A three-year report: Intellectual functioning and academic achievement . Clinical Neuropsychology , 5 : 9 – 13 .
  • Berg , R. A. , Ch'ien , L. T. , Lancaster , W. , Williams , S. and Cummins , J. 1983c . Neuropsychological sequelae of postradiation somnolence syndrome . Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics , 4 : 103 – 107 .
  • Berg , R. A. , Lancaster , W. , Ochs , J and Ch'ien , L. T. 1983d . Neuropsychological effects of acute lymphocytic leukemia and its treatment: A five year report. Paper presented at the meeting of the National Academy of Neuro psychologists . October 1983d , Houston, TX.
  • Bleyer , W. A. 1981 . Neurologic sequelae of methotrexate and ionizing radiation: A new classification . Cancer Treatment Reports , 65 : 89 – 98 .
  • Bleyer , W. A. and Griffin , T. W. 1980 . “ White matter necrosis, mineralizing microangiopathy, and intellectual abilities in survivors of childhood leukemia: Associations with central nervous system irradiation and methotrexate therapy ” . In Radiation damage to the nervous system , Edited by: Gilbert , H. A. and Kagan , A. R. 155 – 174 . New York : Raven .
  • Brouwers , P. 1985 . Neuropsychological abilities of long-term survivors of childhood leukemia Unpublished paper
  • Brouwers , P. , Riccardi , R. , Fedio , R. and Poplack , D. 1985 . Long-term neuropsychologic sequelae of childhood leukemia: Correlation with CT brain scan abnormalities . Journal of Pediatrics , 106 : 723 – 728 .
  • Brouwers , P. , Riccardi , R. , Poplack , D. and Fedio , P. 1984 . Attentional deficits in long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) . Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology , 6 : 325 – 336 .
  • Ch'ien , L. T. , Aur , R. J. A. , Stagner , S. , Cavallo , K. , Wood , A. , Goff , J. , Pitner , S. , Huistu , H. , Seifert , M. J. and Simone , J. V. 1980 . Long-term neurological implications of somnolence syndrome in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia . Annals of Neurology , 8 : 273 – 277 .
  • Copeland , D. R. and Bordeaux , J. D. Neuropsychological functioning in childhood cancer patients . Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association . Toronto. August ,
  • Copeland , D. R. , Fletcher , J. M. , Pfefferbaum-Levine , B. , Jaffe , N. , Ried , H. and Maor , M. 1985 . Neuropsychological sequelae of childhood cancer in long-term survivors . Pediatrics , 75 : 745 – 753 .
  • Dennis , M. 1983 . “ The developmentally dyslexic brain and the written language skills of children with one hemisphere ” . In Neuropsychology of language, reading, and spelling , Edited by: Kirk , U. 85 – 208 . New York : Academic Press .
  • Dennis , M. , Fitz , C. R. , Netley , C. T. , Sugar , J. , Derek , C. F. , Harwood-Nash , M. B. , Hendrick , H. B. , Hoffmann , H. J. and Humphreys , R. P. 1981 . The intelligence of hydrocephalic children . Archives of Neurology , 38 : 607 – 715 .
  • Eiser , C. 1978 . Intellectual abilities among survivors of childhood leukemia as a function of CNS irradiation . Archives of Disease in Childhood , 53 : 391 – 395 .
  • Eiser , C. 1980 . Effects of chronic illness on intellectual development . Archives of Disease in Childhood , 55 : 766 – 770 .
  • Eiser , C. and Lansdown , R. 1977 . Retrospective study of intellectual development in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia . Archives of Disease in Childhood , 52 : 525 – 529 .
  • Esseltine , D. W. , Freeman , C. R. , Chevalier , L. M. , Smith , R. , O'Gorman , A. M. , Dube , J. , Whitehead , V. M. and Nogrady , M. B. 1981 . Computed tomography brain scans in long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia . Medical and Pediatric Oncology , 9 : 429 – 438 .
  • Esseltine , D. W. , Tarshish , E. , Schlieper , A. R. , Chevalier , L. and Whitehead , V. M. 1983 . Cognitive function in long survivors of childhood acute lympho-blastic leukemia (ALL). Abstract C-289 . Proceedings of American Society of Clinical Oncology , 2 : 74
  • Fletcher , J. M. and Levin , H. S. “ Neurobehavioral effects of brain injury in children ” . In Handbook of pediatric psychology , Edited by: Routh , D. New York : Guilford . in press
  • Fletcher , J. M. , Satz , P. and Morris , R. 1984 . “ The Florida Longitudinal Project: A review ” . In Handbook of longitudinal research , Edited by: Mednick , S. A. , Harway , M. and Finello , K. M. 280 – 284 . New York : Praeger .
  • Fletcher , J. M. and Taylor , H. G. 1984 . Neuropsychological approaches to children: Towards a developmental neuropsychology . Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology , 6 : 24 – 37 .
  • Gluck , R. S. , Baron , I. S. , Brallier , D. R. , Finke , J. and Lieken , S. L. 1980 . Follow-up of central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) . Pediatric Research , 14 : 534
  • Goff , J. R. , Anderson , H. R. and Cooper , P. F. 1980 . Distractibility and memory deficits in long-term survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia . Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics , 1 : 158 – 161 .
  • Goldberg , E. and Costa , L. D. 1981 . Hemisphere differences in the acquisition and use of descriptive systems . Brain and Language , 14 : 144 – 173 .
  • Gur , R. C. , Packer , I. K. , Hungerbuhler , J. P. , Reivich , M. , Obrist , W. , Amarnek , W. S. and Sackheim , H. A. 1979 . Differences in the distribution of gray and white matter in the human cerebral hemispheres . Science , 207 : 1226 – 1228 .
  • Heilman , K. M. , Watson , R. T. and Valenstein , E. 1985 . “ Neglect and related disorders ” . In Clinical neuropsychology () , 2nd ed. , Edited by: Heilman , K. M. and Valenstein , E. 243 – 294 . New York : Oxford .
  • Inati , A. , Sallan , S. E. , Cassady , J. R. , Hitchcock-Bryan , S. , Clavell , L. A. , Belli , J. A. and Sollee , N. 1983 . Efficacy and morbidity of central nervous system “prophylaxis” in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Eight years experience with cranial irradiation and intrathecal methotrexate . Blood , 61 : 297 – 303 .
  • Ivnik , R. J. , Colligan , R. C. , Obetz , S. W. and Smithson , W. A. 1981 . Neuropsychological performance among children in remission from acute lymphocytic leukemia . Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics , 2 : 29 – 34 .
  • Jannoun , L. 1983 . Are cognitive and educational development affected by age at which prophylactic therapy is given in acute lymphoblastic leukemia . Archives of Disease in Childhood , 58 : 953 – 958 .
  • Kaufman , A. S. 1979 . Intelligent testing with the WISC-R , New York : Wiley .
  • Kellerman , J. , Moss , H. A. and Siegel , S. E. 1982 . WISC-R verbal-performance discrepancy in children with cancer: A statistical quirk . Journal of Pediatric Psychology , 7 : 263 – 266 .
  • Kingsley , D. P. E. and Kendall , B. E. 1981 . CT of the adverse effects of therapeutic radiation of the central nervous system . American Journal of Neuroradiology , 2 : 453 – 460 .
  • Koocher , G. P. and O'Malley , J. E. , eds. 1981 . The Damocles syndrome , New York : McGraw-Hill .
  • Lansky , S. B. , Cairns , N. U. , Lansky , L. L. , Cairns , G. F. , Stephenson , L. and Garin , G. 1984 . Central nervous system prophylaxis: Studies showing impairment in verbal skills and academic achievement . American Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology , 6 : 83 – 90 .
  • Levin , H. S. , Benton , A. L. and Grossman , R. G. 1982 . Neurobehavioral consequences of closed head injury , New York : Oxford .
  • McIntosh , S. , Klatskin , E. J. , O'Brien , R. T. , Aspues , G. T. , Kammerer , B. L. , Snead , C. , Kalavsky , S. M. and Pearson , H. A. 1976 . Chronic neurologic disturbance in childhood leukemia . Cancer , 37 : 853 – 857 .
  • McIntosh , S. , Fischer , D. , Rothman , S. , Rosenfield , D. , Lobel , J. S. and O'Brien , R. T. 1977 . Intracranial calcifications in childhood leukemia . Journal of Pediatrics , 91 : 909
  • Meadows , A. T. and Evans , A. E. 1976 . Effects of chemotherapy on the central nervous system . Cancer , 37 : 1079 – 1085 .
  • Meadows , A. T. , Massari , D. J. , Fergusson , J. , Gordon , J. , Littman , P. and Moss , K. 1981 . Declines in IQ scores and cognitive dysfunction in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia treated with cranial irradiation . Lancet , 2 : 1015 – 1018 .
  • Meadows , A. T. , Massari , D. and Obringer , A. 1984 . Cognitive function in children after 1800 rad cranial irradiation (CRT) or periodic intrathecal methotrexate (ITMTX): A preliminary report. Abstract C-278 . Proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology , 3 : 71
  • Moehle , K. A. and Berg , R. A. 1985 . Academic achievement and intelligence test performance in children with cancer at diagnosis and one year later . Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics , 6 : 62 – 64 .
  • Moehle , K. A. , Berg , R. A. M. , Ch'ien , L. T. and Lancaster , W. 1983 . Language-related skills in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia . Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics , 4 : 257 – 261 .
  • Moss , H. A. , Nannis , E. D. and Poplack , D. G. 1981 . The effects of prophylactic treatment of the central nervous system on the intellectual functioning of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia . The American Journal of Medicine , 71 : 47 – 52 .
  • Obetz , S. W. , Smithson , W. A. , Groover , R. V. , Houser , O. W. , Klass , D. W. , Ivnik , R. J. , Colligan , R. C. , Gilchrist , G. S. and Burgert , E. V. 1979 . Neuropsychologic follow-up study of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia . American Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology , 1 : 207 – 213 .
  • Ochs , J. J. , Parvey , L. S. , Whitaker , J. N. , Bowman , J. P. , Ch'ien , L. , Campbell , M. and Coburn , T. 1983 . Serial cranial computed-tomography scans in children with leukemia given two different forms of central nervous system therapy . Journal of Clinical Oncology , 1 : 793 – 798 .
  • Ochs , J. J. , Rivera , G. , Aur , R. J. , Husta , H. O. , Berg , R. and Simone , J. V. 1985 . Central nervous system morbidity following an initial isolated central nervous system relapse and its subsequent therapy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia . Journal of Clinical Oncology , 3 : 622 – 626 .
  • Pavlovsky , S. , Eastano , J. , Lerguardo , R. , Fisinan , N. , Chamoles , N. , Moreno , R. and Arizago , R. 1983 . Neuropsychological study in patients with ALL . American Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology , 1 : 78 – 86 .
  • Pedersen , H. and Clausen , N. 1981 . The development of cerebral CT changes during treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia in childhood . Neuroradiology , 22 : 79 – 84 .
  • Peylan-Ramu , N. , Poplack , D. , Pizzo , P. , Adornato , B. and DiChiro , G. 1978 . Abnormal CT scans of the brain in asymptomatic children with acute lymphocytic leukemia after prophylactic treatment of the central nervous system with radiation and intrathecal chemotherapy . New England Journal of Medicine , 298 : 815 – 819 .
  • Pfefferbaum , B. , Copeland , D. R. , Fletcher , J. , Ried , H. L. , Jaffe , N. and McKinnon , W. R. 1984 . Neuropsychological assessment of long-term survivors of childhood leukemia . American Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology , 6 : 123 – 128 .
  • Price , R. and Birdwell , D. 1978 . The central nervous system in childhood leukemia. III. Mineralizing microangiopathy and dystrophic calcifications . Cancer , 42 : 717 – 728 .
  • Price , R. and Jamieson , P. 1975 . The central nervous system in childhood leukemia. II. Subacute leukoencephalopathy . Cancer , 35 : 306 – 318 .
  • Riccardi , R. , Brouwers , P. , DiChiro , G. D. and Poplack , D. G. 1985 . Abnormal computed tomography brain scans in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Serial long-term follow-up . Journal of Clinical Oncology , 3 : 12 – 18 .
  • Robain , O. , Dulac , O. , Dommergues , J. P. , Bernandin , F. , Diebler , K. , Kalifa , C. and Poirier , J. 1984 . Necrotizing leukoencephalopathy complicating treatment of childhood leukemia . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry , 47 : 65 – 72 .
  • Robison , L. L. , Nesbit , M. E. , Sather , H. N. , Meadows , A. T. , Ortega , J. A. and Hammond , G. D. 1984 . Factors associated with IQ scores in long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia . American Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology , 6 : 115 – 121 .
  • Rogosa , D. , Brandt , D. and Zimowski , M. 1982 . A growth curve approach to the measurement of change . Psychological Bulletin , 92 : 726 – 748 .
  • Rourke , B. P. 1982 . Central processing deficiencies in children: Toward a developmental neuropsychological model . Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology , 4 : 1 – 18 .
  • Rourke , B. P. 1987 . Syndrome of nonverbal learning disabilities: The final common pathway of white matter disease/dysfunction . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 1 : 209 – 234 .
  • Rourke , B. P. , Bakker , D. , Fisk , J. and Strang , J. 1983 . Child neuropsychology: An introduction to theory, research, and clinical practice , New York : Guilford .
  • Rowland , J. H. , Glidewell , O. J. , Sibley , R. F. , Holland , J. C. , Tull , R. , Berman , A. , Brecher , M. L. , Harris , M. , Glicksman , A. S. , Forman , E. , Jones , B. , Cohen , M. E. , Duffner , P. E. and Freeman , A. J. 1984 . Effects of different forms of central nervous systems prophylaxis on neuropsychological function in childhood leukemia . Journal of Clinical Oncology , 2 : 1327 – 1335 .
  • Rubin , P. and Casseret , G. W. 1968 . Central nervous system , Vol. II , Philadelphia : Saunders .
  • St James-Roberts , I. 1979 . “ Neurological plasticity, recovery from brain insult, and child development ” . In Advances in child development and behavior Edited by: Reese , H. W. 253 – 319 . 14
  • Sattler , J. M. 1982 . Assessment of children's intelligence and special abilities , Boston : Allyn & Bacon .
  • Schuler , D. , Polcz , A. , Revesz , T. , Koos , K. , Bakos , M. and Gal , N. 1981 . Psychological late effects of leukemia in children and their prevention . Medical and Pediatric Oncology , 9 : 191 – 194 .
  • Soni , S. S. , Marten , G. W. , Pitner , S. E. , Duenas , D. A. and Powazek , M. 1975 . Effects of central-nervous-system irradiation on neuropsychologic functioning of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia . New England Journal of Medicine , 293 : 113 – 118 .
  • Stehbens , J. “ Childhood cancer ” . In Handbook of pediatric psychology , Edited by: Routh , D. New York : Guilford . in press
  • Stehbens , J. A. 1983 . A statistical quirk? Reply to Kellerman, Moss, and Siegel . Journal of Pediatric Psychology , 8 : 379 – 382 .
  • Stehbens , J. A. , Ford , M. E. , Kisker , C. T. , Clarke , W. R. and Strayer , F. 1981 . WISC-R verbal/performance discrepancies in pediatric cancer patients . Journal of Pediatric Psychology , 6 : 61 – 68 .
  • Stehbens , J. A. and Kisker , C. T. 1984 . Intelligence and achievement testing in childhood cancer: Three years postdiagnosis . Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics , 5 : 184 – 188 .
  • Stehbens , J. A. , Kisker , C. T. and Wilson , B. K. 1983 . Achievement and intelligence testretest performance in pediatric cancer patients at diagnosis and one year later . Journal of Pediatric Psychology , 8 : 47 – 56 .
  • Sullivan , M. P. , Vietti , T. , Fernbach , D. V. , Griffith , K. M. , Haddy , T. B. and Watkins , W. L. 1969 . Clinical investigations in the treatment of meningeal leukemia: Radiation therapy regimens vs. conventional intrathecal methotrexate . Blood , 34 : 301 – 319 .
  • Sullivan , M. P. , Humphrey , G. B. , Vietti , T. J. , Haggard , M. E. and Lee , E. 1975 . Superiority of conventional intrathecal methotrexate therapy with maintenance over intensive intrathecal methotrexate therapy, unmaintained, or radiotherapy (2,000-2,500 rads tumor dose) in treatment for meningeal leukemia . Cancer , 35 : 1066 – 1073 .
  • Sullivan , M. P. , Chen , T. , Dyment , P. G. , Hvizdala , E. and Steuber , P. 1983 . Equivalence of intrathecal chemotherapy and radiotherapy as central nervous system prophylaxis in children with acute lymphatic leukemia: A pediatric oncology group study . Blood , 60 : 948 – 958 .
  • Tamaroff , M. , Miller , D. R. , Murphy , M. L. , Salwen , R. , Ghavimi , F. and Nir , Y. 1982 . Immediate and long-term post-therapy neuropsychologic performance in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated without central nervous system radiation . Journal of Pediatrics , 101 : 524 – 529 .
  • Tamaroff , M. , Salwen , R. , Miller , D. R. , Murphy , M. L. , Ghavimi , F. and Nir , Y. 1983 . Comparison of post therapy neuropsychologic performance (NP) in irradiated and non-irradiated children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Abstract C-308 . Proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology , 2 : 79
  • Tamaroff , M. , Salwen , R. , Miller , D. R. , Murphy , M. L. and Nir , Y. 1984 . Comparison of neuropsychologic performance in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with 1800 rads cranial radiation plus intrathecal methotrexate or intrathecal methotrexate alone. Abstract C-773 . Proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology , 3 : 198
  • Taylor , H. G. , Fletcher , J. M. and Satz , P. 1984 . “ Neuropsychological assessment of children ” . In Handbook of psychological assessment , Edited by: Goldstein , G. and Hersen , M. 211 – 234 . New York : Pergamon .
  • Twaddle , V. , Britton , P. B. , Craft , A. C. , Noble , T. C. and Kernahan , J. 1983 . Intellectual function after treatment for leukemia or solid tumors . Archives of Disease in Childhood , 58 : 949 – 952 .
  • van Eys , J. and Sullivan , M. P. , eds. 1980 . Status of the curability of childhood cancers , New York : Raven .
  • Verzosa , M. S. , Aur , R. J. A. , Simons , J. V. , Hustu , H. O. and Pinkel , D. P. 1976 . Five years after central nervous system irradiation of children with leukemia . International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, and Physics , 1 : 209 – 215 .
  • Whitt , J. K. , Wells , R. J. , Lauria , M. M. , Wilhem , C. L. and McMillan , C. W. 1984 . Cranial radiation in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia . American Journal of Diseases of Children , 138 : 730 – 736 .
  • Wohlwill , J. 1973 . The study of behavioral change , New York : Academic Press .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.