55
Views
73
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Positron emission tomographic studies during serial word-reading by normal and dyslexic adults

, , , , , , , , , , , & show all
Pages 531-544 | Accepted 09 Sep 1990, Published online: 04 Jan 2008

References

  • Benson , D. F. and Geschwind , N. 1969 . “ Disorders of speech, perception, and symbolic behavior ” . In Handbook of clinical neurology , Edited by: Vinken , P. J. and Bruyn , G. W. 112 – 140 . New York : American Elsevier .
  • Benton , A. 1975 . “ Developmental dyslexia: Neurological aspects ” . In Advances in Neurology , Edited by: Friedlander , W. J. 1 – 47 . New York : Raven Press .
  • Déjerine , J. 1891 . Sur un cas de cécité verbale avec agraphie suivi d'autopsie . Memoires de la Société de Biologie , 3 : 197 – 201 .
  • Déjerine , J. 1892 . Contribution à l'étude anatomo‐pathologique et clinique des différentes variétés de cécité verbale . Memoires de la Société de Biologie , 4 : 61 – 90 .
  • DiLollo , V. , Hanson , D. and McIntyre , S. 1983 . Initial stages of visual information processing in dyslexia . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 9 : 923 – 935 .
  • Duara , R. , Margolin , R. A. , Robertson‐Tchabo , E. A. , London , E. D. , Schwartz , M , Renfrew , J. W. , Koziarz , B. J. , Sundaram , M. , Grady , C. , Moore , A. M. , Ingvar , D. H. , Sokoloff , L. , Weingartner , H. , Kessler , R. M. , Manning , R. G. , Channing , M. A. , Cutler , M. R. and Rapoport , S. I. 1983 . Cerebral glucose utilization, as measured with positron emission tomography in 21 resting healthy men between ages of 21 and 83 years . Brain , 106 : 761 – 775 .
  • Duara , R. , Gross‐Glenn , K. , Barker , W. W. , Chang , J. Y. , Apicella , A. , Loewenstein , D. and Boothe , T. 1987 . Behavioral activation and the variability of cerebral glucose metabolic measurements . Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism , 7 : 266 – 271 .
  • Fein , G. , Galin , D. , Yingling , C. D. , Johnstone , J. , Davenport , L. and Herron , H. 1986 . EEG spectra in dyslexic and control boys during resting conditions . Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology , 63 : 87 – 97 .
  • Fuster , J. M. 1985 . “ The prefrontal cortex and temporal integration ” . In Cerebral cortex, association and auditory cortices , Edited by: Peters , A. and Jones , E. G. Vol. 4 , 151 – 177 . New York : Plenum Press .
  • Galaburda , A. M. , Sherman , G. F. , Rosen , G. D. , Aboitiz , F. and Geschwind , N. 1985 . Developmental dyslexia. Four consecutive patients with cortical anomalies . Annals of Neurology , 18 : 222 – 233 .
  • Galaburda , A. M. and Kemper , T. L. 1979 . Cytoarchitectonic abnormalities in developmental dyslexia . Annals of Neurology , 6 : 94 – 100 .
  • Geiger , G. and Lettvin , J. Y. 1987 . Peripheral vision in persons with dyslexia . New England Journal of Medicine , 316 : 1238 – 1243 .
  • Gross , K. , Rothenberg , S. , Schottenfeld , S. and Drake , C. 1978 . Duration thresholds for letter identification in left and right visual fields for normal and reading‐disabled children . Neuropsychologia , 16 : 709 – 715 .
  • Gross‐Glenn , K. and Rothenberg , S. 1984 . Evidence for interhemispheric transfer of information in dyslexic boys . International Journal of. Neuroscience , 24 : 23 – 35 .
  • Gross‐Glenn , K. , Lewis , D. C. , Smith , S. D. and Lubs , H. A. 1985 . A phenotype of adult familial dyslexia: Reading of visually transformed texts and nonsense passages . International Journal Neuroscience , 28 : 49 – 59 .
  • Gur , R. C. , Gur , R. E. , Resneck , S. M. , Skolnick , B. E. , Alavi , A. and Reivich , M. E. 1987 . The effect of anxiety on cortical cerebral blood flow . Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism , 7 : 173 – 177 .
  • Haslam , R. H. A. , Dalby , J. T. , Johns , R. D. and Rademaker , A. W. 1981 . Cerebral asymmetry in developmental dyslexia . Archives of Neurology , 38 : 679 – 682 .
  • Hier , D. B. , LeMay , M. , Rosenberger , P. B. and Vincent , P. P. 1979 . Developmental dyslexia: Evidence for a subgroup with a reversal of cerebral asymmetry . Archives of Neurology , 33 : 90 – 92 .
  • Huang , S. C. , Phelps , M. E. , Hoffman , E. J. , Sideris , K. , Selin , C. J. and Kuhl , D. E. 1980 . Noninvasive determination of local cerebral metabolic rate of glucose in man . American Journal of Physiology , 238 : E69 – E82 .
  • Hynd , G. W. and Cohen , M. 1983 . Dyslexia: Neuropsychological theory, research and clinical differentiation , New York : Grune & Stratton .
  • Kearfott , K. J. , Rottenberg , D. A. and Knowles , R. J. R. 1984 . A new headholder for PET CT, and NMR imaging . Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography , 8 : 1217 – 1220 .
  • Kushner , M. J. , Rosenquist , A. , Alavi , A. , Rosen , M. , Dann , R. , Fazekas , F. , Bosley , T. , Greenberg , J. and Reivich , M. 1988 . Cerebral metabolism and patterned visual stimulation: A positron emission tomographic study of the human visual cortex . Neurology , 38 : 89 – 95 .
  • Lovegrove , W. J. , Bowling , A. and Badcock , D. 1980 . Specific reading disability: Differences in contrast sensitivity as a function of spatial frequency . Science , 210 : 439 – 440 .
  • Mesulam , M‐M. 1983 . The functional anatomy and hemispheric specialization for directed attention: The role of the parietal lobe and its connectivity . Trends in Neuroscience , 6 : 384 – 387 .
  • Mishkin , M. , Ungerleider , L. G. and Macko , K. A. 1983 . Object vision and spatial vision: Two cortical pathways . Trends in Neuroscience , 6 : 414 – 417 .
  • Oldfield , R. C. 1971 . The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh inventory . Neuropsychologia , 9 : 97 – 113 .
  • Olson , R. K. 1985 . “ Disabled reading and cognitive profiles ” . In Biobehavioral measures of dyslexia , Edited by: Gray , D. B. and Kavanagh , J. F. 215 – 243 . Parkton, MD : York Press, Inc. .
  • Olson , R. K. 1988 . Sources of heritable variance in adult dyslexia: A twin and family study . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 10 : 65 Abstract
  • Pandya , D. N. and Yeterian , E. 1985 . “ Architecture and connections of cortical association areas ” . In Cerebral cortex, association and auditory cortices , Edited by: Peters , A. and Jones , E. G. Vol. 4 , 3 – 61 . New York : Plenum Press .
  • Parks , R. W. , Loewenstein , D. A. , Dodrill , K. A. , Barker , W. W. , Yoshii , F. , Chang , J. Y. , Emron , A. , Apicella , A. , Sheremata , W. A. and Duara , R. 1988 . Cerebral metabolic affects of a verbal fluency test: A PET scan study . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 10 : 565 – 575 .
  • Pennington , B. F. , McCabe , L. L. , Smith , S. D. , Kimberling , W. J. and Lubs , H. A. 1986 . Spelling errors in adults with a form of familial dyslexia . Child Development , 57 : 1001 – 1013 .
  • Peterson , S. E. , Fox , P. T. , Posner , M. I. , Minton , M. and Raichle , M. E. 1988 . Positron emission tomographic studies of the cortical anatomy of single‐word processing . Nature , 331 : 585 – 589 .
  • Posner , M. I. , Peterson , S. E. , Fox , P. T. and Raichle , M. E. 1988 . Localization of cognitive operations in the human brain . Science , 240 : 1627 – 1631 .
  • Rumsey , J. M. , Berman , K. F. , Denckla , M. B. , Hamburger , S. D. , Kruesi , M. J. and Weinberger , D. R. 1987 . Regional cerebral blood flow in severe developmental dyslexia . Archives of Neurology , 44 : 1144 – 1150 .
  • Russell , G. J. 1982 . Impairment of phonetic reading in dyslexia and its persistence beyond childhood . Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 23 : 459 – 475 .
  • Smith , S. D. , Kimberling , W. J. , Pennington , B. F. and Lubs , H. A. 1983 . Specific reading disability: Identification of an inherited form through linkage analysis . Science , 219 : 1345 – 47 .
  • Snyder , A. Z. , Peterson , S. , Fox , P. and Raichle , M. E. 1989 . PET studies of visual word recognition . Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism , 9 : S576
  • Spielberger , C. D. , Gorsuch , R. L. , Lushene , R. , Vagg , P. R. and Jacobs , G. A. 1983 . State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory , Palo Alto, CA : Consulting Psychologists Press .
  • Ter Pogossian , M. M. , Mullani , N. A. and Hood , J. R. 1978 . Design considerations for a positron emission tomograph (PET TV) for imaging of the brain . Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography , 2 : 539 – 544 .
  • Thomdike , E. L. and Lorge , I. 1944 . The Teacher's Word Book of 30,000 Words , New York : Teachers College Press .
  • Turner , B. H. , Mishkin , M. and Knapp , M. 1980 . Organization of the amygdalopetal projections from modality‐specific parietal association areas in the monkey . Journal of Comparative Neurology , 191 : 515 – 543 .
  • Ungerleider , L. G. and Mishkin , M. 1982 . Analysis of visual behavior , Edited by: Ingle , D. J. , Goodale , M. A. and Mansfield , R. J. W. 549 – 586 . Cambridge, MA : The MIT Press .
  • Williams , M. C. , Brannan , J. R. and Lartigue , E. K. 1987 . Visual search in good and poor readers . Clinical Vision Sciences , 1 : 367 – 371 .
  • Yerkes , R. M. and Dodson , J. D. 1908 . The relationship of the strength of stimulus to rapidity of habit formation . Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychiatry , 18 : 458 – 482 .
  • Yingling , C. D. , Galin , D. , Fein , G. , Peltzmann , D. and Davenport , L. 1986 . Neurometrics does not detect ‐pure' dyslexics . Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology , 63 : 426 – 430 .
  • Yoshii , F. , Barker , W. W. , Chang , J. Y. , Loewenstein , D. A. , Apicella , A. , Smith , D. , Boothe , T. E. , Ginsberg , M. D. , Pascal , S. and Duara , R. 1988 . Sensitivity of cerebral glucose metabolism to age, gender, brain volume, brain atrophy and cerebral vascular risk factors . Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism , 8 : 654 – 661 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.