Semantic organization and verbal episodic memory in patients with mild and moderate Alzheimer's disease

References

• American Psychiatric Association . 1987 . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders , 3rd ed. , Washington, DC : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Bäckman , L. and Herlitz , A. 1990 . The relationship between prior knowledge and face recognition memory in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease . Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences , 45 : 94 – 100 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bäckman , L. and Karlsson , T. 1986 . Episodic remembering in young adults, 73‐year‐olds, and 82‐year‐olds . Scandinavian Journal of Psychology , 27 : 320 – 325 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bäckman , L. , Mäntylä , T. and Herlitz , A. 1990 . “ The optimization of episodic remembering in old age ” . In Successful aging: Perspectives from the behavioral and social sciences , Edited by: Baltes , P. B. and Baltes , M. M. 118 – 163 . New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bayles , K. A. and Tomoeda , C. K. 1983 . Confrontation naming impairment in dementia . Brain and Language , 19 : 98 – 114 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buschke , H. 1984 . Cued recall in amnesia . Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology , 6 : 433 – 440 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corkin , S. 1982 . “ Some relationships between global amnesias and the memory impairments in Alzheimer's disease ” . In Alzheimer's disease: A report of progress , Edited by: Corkin , S. , Davies , K. L. , Growdon , J. H. , Usdin , E. and Wurtman , R. J. 149 – 164 . New York : Raven Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cushman , L. A. , Como , P. G. , Booth , H. and Caine , E. D. 1988 . Cued recall and release from proactive interference in Alzheimer's disease . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 10 : 685 – 692 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis , P. E. and Mumford , S. J. 1984 . Cued recall and the nature of the memory disorder in dementia . British Journal of Psychiatry , 144 : 383 – 386 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dick , M. B. , Kean , M. ‐L. and Sands , D. 1989 . Memory for internally generated words in Alzheimer‐type dementia: Breakdown in encoding and semantic memory . Brain and Cognition , 9 : 88 – 108 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diesfeldt , H. F. A. 1984 . The importance of encoding instructions and retrieval cues in the assessment of memory in senile dementia . Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics , 3 : 51 – 57 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emery , O. B. and Breslau , L. D. 1988 . The problem of naming in SDAT: A relative deficit . Experimental Aging Research , 14 : 181 – 193 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folstein , M. F. , Folstein , S. E. and McHugh , P. R. 1975 . “Mini‐mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician . Journal of Psychiatric Research , 12 : 189 – 198 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fratiglioni , L. Prevalence of dementia in advanced age: Preliminary results from Kungsholm Project . Proceedings of the second international conference on Alzheimer's disease and related disorders . Chichester : John Wiley . in press
   Google Scholar
• Grober , E. , Buschke , H. , Kawas , C. and Fuld , P. 1985 . Impaired ranking of semantic attributes in dementia . Brain and Language , 26 : 276 – 286 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herlitz , A. , Adolfsson , R. , Bäckman , L. and Nilsson , L. ‐G. 1991 . Cue utilization following different forms of encoding in mildly, moderately, and severely demented patients with Alzheimer's disease . Brain and Cognition , 15 : 119 – 130 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hier , D. B. , Hagenlocker , K. and Shindler , A. G. 1985 . Language disintegration in dementia: Effects of etiology and severity . Brain and Language , 25 : 117 – 133 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hultsch , D. F. 1975 . Adult age differences in retrieval: Trace‐dependent and cue‐dependent forgetting . Developmental Psychology , 11 : 197 – 201 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karlsson , T. , Bäckman , L. , Herlitz , A. , Nilsson , L. ‐G. , Winblad , B. and Österlind , P. ‐O. 1989 . Memory improvement at various stages of Alzheimer's disease . Neuropsychologia , 27 : 737 – 742 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaszniak , A. W. , Poon , L. W. and Riege , W. 1986 . “ Assessing memory deficits: An information‐processing approach ” . In Clinical memory assessment of older adults , Edited by: Poon , L. W. 168 – 188 . Washington, DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Kirk , R. E. 1968 . Experimental design: Procedures of the behavioral sciences , Belmont : Brooks/Cole .
   Google Scholar
• Martin , A. , Brouwers , P. , Cox , C. and Fedio , P. 1985 . On the nature of the verbal memory deficit in Alzheimer's disease . Brain and Language , 25 : 323 – 341 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin , A. and Fedio , P. 1983 . Word production and comprehension in Alzheimer's disease: The breakdown of semantic knowledge . Brain and Language , 19 : 124 – 141 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell , D. B. , Hunt , R. R. and Schmitt , F. A. 1986 . The generation effect and reality monitoring: Evidence from dementia and normal aging . Journal of Gerontology , 41 : 79 – 84 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Molander , B. 1984 . Imagery, visual and tactual dimensions of imagery, and meaningfulness: Swedish norms for 858 nouns , University of Umeå, Department of Psychology . Tech. Rep. No. 178
   Google Scholar
• Morris , R. G. and Kopelman , M. D. 1986 . The memory deficits in Alzheimer‐type dementia: A review . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 38A : 575 – 602 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nebes , R. D. 1989 . Semantic memory in Alzheimer's disease . Psychological Bulletin , 106 : 377 – 394 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson , L. ‐G. 1973 . Category norms for verbal material , University of Uppsala, Department of Psychology . Tech. Rep. No. 135
   Google Scholar
• Ober , B. A. , Dronkers , N. F. , Koss , E. , Delis , D. and Friedland , P. 1986 . Retrieval from semantic memory in Alzheimer‐type dementia . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 8 : 75 – 92 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perris , C. , Eisemann , M. , von Knorring , L. and Perris , H. 1984 . Presentation of a subscale for the rating of depression and some additional items to the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale . Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , 70 : 261 – 274 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rissenberg , M. and Glanzer , M. 1986 . Picture superiority in free recall: The effects of normal aging and primary degenerative dementia . Journal of Gerontology , 41 : 64 – 71 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Statistiska Centralbyrån . 1985 . Befolkningens utbildningsnivå , Örebro : Author . Level of education for the inhabitants
   Google Scholar
• Tulving , E. 1983 . Elements of episodic memory , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Weingartner , H. , Grafman , J. , Boutelle , W. , Kaye , W. and Martin , P. R. 1983 . Forms of memory failure . Science , 221 : 380 – 382 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weingartner , H. , Kaye , W. , Smallberg , S. , Cohen , R. , Ebert , M. H. , Gillin , J. C. and Gold , P. 1982 . “ Determinants of memory failures in dementia ” . In Alzheimer's Disease: A report of progress , Edited by: Corkin , S. , Davies , K. L. , Growdon , J. H. , Usdin , E. and Wurtman , R. J. 171 – 176 . New York : Raven Press .
   Google Scholar
• Weingartner , H. , Kaye , W. , Smallberg , S. A. , Ebert , M. H. , Gillin , J. C. and Sitaram , N. 1981 . Memory failures in progressive idiopathic dementia . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 3 : 187 – 196 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson , R. S. , Bacon , L. D. , Kramer , R. L. , Fox , J. H. and Kaszniak , A. W. 1983 . Word frequency effect and recognition memory in dementia of the Alzheimer type . Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology , 5 : 97 – 104 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson , R. S. , Kaszniak , A. W. , Bacon , L. D. , Fox , J. H. and Kelly , M. P. 1982 . Facial recognition memory in dementia . Cortex , 18 : 329 – 336 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar