Intact primary memory in mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: Indices from the California Verbal Learning Test

References

• Baddeley , A. D. 1976 . The psychology of memory , New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Bayles , K. A. and Kaszniak , A. W. 1987 . “ Memory in dementia ” . In Communication and cognition in normal aging and dementia , 277 – 298 . Boston : Little, Brown & Company .
   Google Scholar
• Corkin , S. 1982 . “ Some relationships between global amnesias and the memory impairments in Alzheimer's disease ” . In Alzheimer's disease: A report of progress in research , Edited by: Corkin , S. , Davis , K. L. , Growdon , J. H. , Usdin , E. and Wurtman , R. J. 149 – 164 . New York : Raven Press .
   Google Scholar
• Craik , F. I.M. 1977 . “ Age differences in human memory ” . In Handbook of the psychology of aging , Edited by: Birren , J. E. and Schaie , K. W. 384 – 420 . New York : Van Nostrand Reinhold .
   Google Scholar
• Craik , F. I.M. and Jennings , J. M. 1992 . “ Human memory ” . In Handbook of aging and cognition , Edited by: Craik , F. I.M. and Salthouse , T. A. 51 – 110 . Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Crosson , B. , Novack , T. A. , Trenerry , M. R. and Craig , P. L. 1988 . California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) performance in severely head-injured and neurologically normal adult males . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 10 ( 6 ) : 769 – 778 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Delis , D. C. , Kramer , J. H. , Kaplan , E. and Ober , B. A. 1987 . The California Verbal Learning Test , San Antonio, TX : Psychological Corporation .
   Google Scholar
• Delis , D. C. , McKee , R. , Massman , P. J. , Kramer , J. H. , Kaplan , E. and Gettman , D. 1991 . Alternate form of the California Verbal Learning Test: Development and reliability . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 5 ( 2 ) : 154 – 162 .
   Google Scholar
• Freed , D. , Corkin , S. and Cohen , N. 1987 . Forgetting in HM: A second look . Neuropsychologia , 25 : 461 – 471 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyman , B. T. , Van Hoesen , G. W. and Damasio , A. R. 1990 . Memory-related neural systems in Alzheimer's Disease: An anatomic study . Neurology , 40 : 1721 – 1730 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaszniak , A. W. , Poon , L. W. and Riege , W. R. 1986 . “ Assessing memory deficits: An information-processing approach ” . In Handbook of clinical memory assessment of the older adult , Edited by: Poon , L. W. , Gurland , B. J. , Eisdorfer , C. , Crook , T. , Thompson , L. W. , Kaszniak , A. W. and Davis , K. 168 – 188 . Washington, DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Kramer , J. H. , Delis , D. C. , Blusewicz , M. J. , Brandt , J. , Ober , B. A. and Strauss , M. 1988 . Verbal memory errors in Alzheimer's and Huntington's dementias . Developmental Neuropsychology , 4 : 1 – 15 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kramer , J. H. , Levin , B. E. , Brandt , J. and Delis , D. C. 1989 . Differentiation of Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Parkinson's disease patients on the basis of verbal learning characteristics . Neuropsychology , 3 : 111 – 120 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin , A. , Brouwers , P. , Cox , C. and Fedio , P. 1985 . On the nature of the verbal memory deficit in Alzheimer's Disease . Brain and Language , 25 : 323 – 341 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massman , P. J. , Delis , D. C. , Butters , N. , Levin , B. E. and Salmon , D. P. 1990 . Are all subcortical dementias alike?: Verbal learning and memory in Parkinson's and Huntington's disease patients . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 12 ( 5 ) : 729 – 744 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , E. 1971 . On the nature of the memory disorder in presenile dementia . Neuropsychologia , 9 : 75 – 78 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris , R. G. 1986 . Short-term forgetting in senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type . Cognitive Neuropsychology , 3 : 77 – 98 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris , R. G. and Baddeley , A. D. 1988 . Primary and working memory functioning in Alzheimer-type dementia . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 10 ( 2 ) : 279 – 296 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moscovitch , M. 1982a . “ Multiple dissociations of function in amnesia ” . In Human memory and amnesia , Edited by: Cermak , L. S. 337 – 370 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Moscovitch , M. 1982b . “ A neuropsychological approach to perception and memory in normal and pathological aging ” . In Memory and cognitive processes in aging , Edited by: Craik , F. I.M. and Trehub , S. 55 – 79 . New York : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Reisberg , B. , Ferris , S. H. , de Leon , M. J. and Crook , T. 1982 . The Global Deterioration Scale for assessment of primary degenerative dementia . American Journal of Psychiatry , 139 ( 9 ) : 1136 – 1139 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reisberg , B. , Ferris , S. H. , de Leon , M. J. and Crook , T. 1988 . Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) . Psychopharmacology Bulletin , 24 ( 4 ) : 661 – 663 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scoville , W. B. and Milner , B. 1957 . Loss of recent memory after bilateral hippocampal lesions . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry , 10 : 11 – 21 .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , M. L. and Milner , B. 1989 . Right hippocampal impairment in the recall of location: Encoding deficit or rapid forgetting? . Neuropsychologia , 27 : 71 – 82 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spinnler , H. , Della Sala , S. , Bandera , R. and Baddeley , A. 1988 . Dementia and structure of human memory . Cognitive Neuropsychology , 5 : 193 – 211 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Squire , L. R. 1982 . Two forms of human amnesia: An analysis of forgetting . Journal of Neuroscience , 1 : 635 – 640 .
   Google Scholar
• Squire , L. R. 1992 . Memory and the hippocampus: A synthesis from findings with rats, monkeys, and humans . Psychological Review , 99 : 195 – 231 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Storandt , M. , Botwinick , J. , Danziger , W. L. , Berg , L. and Hughes , C. P. 1984 . Psychometric differentiation of mild senile dementia of the Alzheimer type . Archives of Neurology , 41 : 497 – 499 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tulving , E. and Colotla , V. A. 1970 . Free recall of trilingual lists . Cognitive Psychology , 1 : 86 – 98 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watkins , M. J. 1975 . Concept and measurement of primary memory . Psychological Bulletin , 81 : 695 – 711 .
   Google Scholar
• Waugh , N. C. and Norman , D. A. 1965 . Primary memory . Psychological Review , 72 : 89 – 104 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson , R. S. , Bacon , L. D. , Fox , J. H. and Kaszniak , A. W. 1983 . Primary memory and secondary memory in dementia of the Alzheimer type . Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology , 5 ( 4 ) : 337 – 344 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar