Introspective capacities in patients with cognitive deficits after subarachnoid hemorrhage

References

• Amthauer , R. 1953 . Der Intelligenz-Struktur-Test 1ST, , 2nd ed. Göttingen : Verlag für Psychologie Dr CJ Hogrefe . ()
   Google Scholar
• Attenberry-Bennett , J. , Barth , J. T. , Loyd , B. H. and Lawrence , E. C. 1989 . The relationship between behavioral and cognitive deficits, demographics and depression in patients with minor head injuries. . Clinical Neuropsychology , 5 : 114 – 117 .
   Google Scholar
• Bäumler , G. 1985 . Der Farbe-Wort-Interferenztest (FWIT) Göttingen : Verlag für Psychologie Dr CJ Hogrefe .
   Google Scholar
• Beck , A. T. , Ward , C. H. , Mendelson , M. , Mock , J. and Erbaugh , J. 1977 . An inventory for measuring depression New York : Biometric Research .
   Google Scholar
• Benson , D. F. 1973 . Psychiatric aspects of aphasia. . The British Journal of Psychiatry , 123 : 555 – 566 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benton , A. L. 1981 . Der Benton-Test Bern, Stuttgart, Wien : Huber Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Ben-Yishay , Y. , Rattok , J. , Lankin , P. , Piasetsky , E. G. , Ross , B. , Silver , S. , Zide , E. and Ezrachi , O. 1985 . Neuropsychologic rehabilitation: Quest for a holistic approach. . Seminars in Neurology , 5 : 252 – 259 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bisiach , E. and Geminiani , G. 1991 . “ Anosognosia related to hemiplegia and hemianopia ” . In Awareness of deficit after brain injury Edited by: Prigatano , G. P. and Schacter , D. L. 17 – 39 . New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bond , M. R. 1984 . “ The psychiatry of closed head injury ” . In Closed head injury: Psychological, social and family consequences Edited by: Brooks , N. 148 – 178 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bornstein , R. A. , Weir , B. K. A. , Petruk , K. C. and Disney , L. B. 1987 . Neuropsychological function in patients after subarachnoid hemorrhage. . Neurosurgery , 21 : 651 – 654 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brickenkamp , R. 1978 . Test d2 Aufmerksamkeits-Belastungs Test Göttingen : Verlag für Psychologie Dr CJ Hogrefe .
   Google Scholar
• Brooks , D. N. 1987 . “ Measuring neuropsychological and functional recovery ” . In Neurobehavioral recovery from head injury Edited by: Levin , H. S. , Grafman , J. and Eisenberg , H. M. 57 – 72 . New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Carver , C. S. 1979 . A cybernetic model of self-attention processes. . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 37 : 1251 – 1281 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chelune , G. J. , Heaton , R. K. and Lehman , A. W. 1986 . “ Neuropsychological and personality correlates of patients complaints of disability ” . In Advances in clinical neuropsychology Edited by: Goldstein , G. and Tarter , R. E. Vol III , 95 – 126 . New York : Plenum Press . In (Eds.), ()(pp. ).
   Google Scholar
• Dahl , G. 1972 . WIP-Revidierter Wechsler Intelligenztest Meisenheim : Hain Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Dam , H. , Peterson , H. E. and Ahlgren , P. 1989 . Depression among patients with stroke. . Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavian , 80 : 118 – 124 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engelko , S. , Gordon , W. A. , Hibbard , M. R. , Diller , L. , Lieberman , A. , Holliday , R. , Ragnarsson , K. , Shaver , M. S. and Orazem , J. 1988 . Relationship among CT-scans, neurological exam, and neuropsychological test performance in right-brain-damaged stroke patients. . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 10 : 539 – 564 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fahrenberg , J. , Hampel , R. and Selg , H. 1984 . Das Freiburger Persönlichkeitsinventar FPI. Revidierte Fassung FPI-R Göttingen : Verlag für Psychologie Dr CJ Hogrefe .
   Google Scholar
• Fenigstein , A. , Scheier , M. F. and Buss , A. H. 1975 . Public and private self-consciousness: Assessment and theory. . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 43 : 522 – 527 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher , C. M. , Kistler , J. P. and Davis , J. M. 1980 . Relation of cerebral vasospasm to subarachnoid hemorrhage visualized by computerized tomographic scanning. . Neurosurgery , 6 : 1 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folstein , M. F. , Folstein , S. E. and McHugh , P. R. 1975 . “Mini-Mental State”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician . Journal of Psychiatric Research , 12 : 189 – 189 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fordyce , D. J. , Roueche , J. R. and Prigatano , G. 1983 . Enhanced emotional reactions in chronic head trauma patients. . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry , 46 : 620 – 624 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frederiks , J. A. M. 1985 . “ The neurology of aging and dementia ” . In Handbook of clinical neurology Edited by: Frederiks , J. A. M. Vol. 2 , 199 – 219 . Amsterdam : Elsevier . In (Ed.), ()(pp. ).
   Google Scholar
• Gainotti , G. 1972 . Emotional behavior and hemispheric side of the lesion. . Cortex , 8 : 41 – 55 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hautzinger , M. 1981 . Kognitive Therapie der Depression München, Wien, Baltimore : Urban und Schwarzenberg .
   Google Scholar
• Heilman , K. M. and Valenstein , E. 1972 . Auditory neglect in man. . Archives of Neurology , 26 : 32 – 35 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrmann , M. 1991 . Emotional-affektive Veränderungen nach cerebrovaskulären Insulten mit Aphasie. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Freiburg.
   Google Scholar
• Herrmann , M. 1992 . Depressive Veränderungen nach cerebrovaskulären Insulten. . Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie , i : 25 – 43 .
   Google Scholar
• Horn , W. 1983 . Das Leistungsprüfsystem LPS Göttingen : Verlag für Psychologie Dr CJ Hogrefe .
   Google Scholar
• Horowitz , M. J. , Wilner , N. and Alvarez , W. 1979 . Impact of Event Scale: A measure of subjective stress. . Psychosomatic Medicine , 34 : 209 – 218 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• House , A. , Dennis , M. , Warlow , C. , Hawton , K. and Molyneux , A. 1990 . Mood disorders after stroke and their relation to lesion location - A CT scan study. . Brain , 113 : 1113 – 1129 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt , W. E. and Hess , R. M. 1968 . Surgical risk as related to time of intervention in the repair of intracranial aneurysms. . Journal of Neurosurgery , 28 : 14 – 20 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hütter , B. O. Neuropsychiatric disorders after subarachnoid haemorrhage . First Euregio Official Joint Meeting Belgian, German & Dutch Neurosurgical Societies . Edited by: Vermeulen , E. pp. 29 The Netherlands : Maastricht . In (Ed.), .(pp. ).
   Google Scholar
• Hütter , B. O. 1994 . Wahrnehmung, Belastungswirkung und Bewältigung von invasiven Eingriffen in Kardiologie und Herzchirurgie Weinheim : Deutscher Studien Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Hütter , B. O. and Gilsbach , J. M. 1992 . Cognitive deficits after rupture and early repair of anterior communicating artery aneurysms. . Acta Neurochirurgica , 116 : 5 – 13 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hütter , B. O. and Gilsbach , J. M. 1993a . Which neuropsychological deficits are hidden behind a good neurological result (GOS = I) after aneursymal subarachnoid hemorrhage? . Neurosurgery , 33 : 999 – 1006 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hütter , B. O. , Gilsbach , J. M. and Kreitschmann , I. 1994 . Is there a difference in cognitive deficits after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage and subarachnoid haemorrhage of unknown origin ? . Acta Neurochirurgica , 127 : 129 – 135 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jennett , B. and Bond , M. 1975 . Assessment of outcome after severe brain damage. A practical scale. . Lancet , 1 : 480 – 484 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaszniak , A. 1986 . “ The neuropsychology of dementia ” . In Neuropsychological assessment of neuropsychiatric disorders Edited by: Grant , I. and Adams , K. M. 172 – 220 . New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kaufmann , S. 1988 . Illness, biography, and the interpretation of self following a stroke. . Journal of Aging Studies , 2 : 217 – 227 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lezak , M. D. 1983 . Neuropsychological assessment, , 2nd ed New-York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lhermitte , F. 1986 . Human autonomy and the frontal lobes. Part II: Patient behaviour in complex and social situations. . Annals of Neurology , 19 : 335 – 343 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lhermitte , F. , Pillon , B. and Serdaru , M. 1986 . Human autonomy and the frontal lobes. Part I: Imitation and utilisation behaviour: A neuropsychological study of 75 patients. . Annals of Neurology , 19 : 326 – 334 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liebermann , D. A. 1979 . Behaviorism and the mind: A (limited) call for a return to introspection. . American Psychologist , 34 : 319 – 333 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lipsey , J. R. , Robinson , R. G. , Pearlson , G. D. , Rao , K. and Price , T. R. 1985 . The dexamethason suppression test and mood following stroke. . American Journal of Psychiatry , 142 : 318 – 323 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ljunggren , B. , Sonesson , B. , Säveland , H. and Brandt , H. 1985 . Cognitive impairment and adjustment in patients without neurological deficits after aneurysmal SAH and early operation. . Journal of Neurosurgery , 62 : 673 – 679 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahendra , B. 1984 . Dementia Lancaster : MTP Press .
   Google Scholar
• McGlynn , S. M. and Kaszniak , A. W. 1991 . “ Unawareness of deficits in dementia and schizophrenia ” . In Awareness of deficit after brain injury Edited by: Prigatano , G. P. and Schacter , D. L. 84 – 110 . New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• McGlynn , S. M. and Schacter , D. L. 1989 . Unawareness of deficits in neuropsychological syndromes. . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 11 : 143 – 205 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKinlay , W. W. and Brooks , D. N. 1984 . Methodological problems in assessing psychosocial recovery following severe head injury. . Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology , 6 : 87 – 99 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKinlay , W. W. , Brooks , D. N. , Bond , M. R. , Martinage , D. P. and Marshall , M. M. 1981 . The short-term outcome of severe blunt head injury as reported by relatives of the head injured persons. . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry , 44 : 527 – 533 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melendez , F. 1978 . Revised manual for the Neuropsychological Questionnaire Odessa, FL : Psychological Assessment Ressources .
   Google Scholar
• Nisbett , R. E. and Wilson , T. D. 1977 . Telling more than we know: Verbal reports on mental process. . Psychological Review , 84 : 231 – 259 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Donnell , W. E. , Reynolds , D. and DeSoto , C. B. 1984 . Validity and reliability of the Neuropsychological Impairment Scale (NIS). . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 40 : 549 – 553 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orgass , B. 1982 . Deutsche Bearbeitung des Token Tests von E DeRenzi und LA Vignolo Weinheim : Beltz Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Prigatano , G. P. The problem of self-awareness after brain injury: Methodological and clinical considerations. Paper presented at the meeting of the International Neuropsychological Society. San Diego CA.
   Google Scholar
• Prigatano , G. P. 1991 . “ Disturbances of self-awareness of deficit after traumatic brain injury ” . In Awareness of deficit after brain injury Edited by: Prigatano , G. P. and Schacter , D. L. 111 – 126 . New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Prigatano , G. P. and Schacter , D. L. 1991 . Awareness of deficit after brain injury New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Robinson , R. G. , Bolduc , P. L. and Price , T. R. 1987 . Two-year longitudinal study of poststroke mood disorders: Diagnosis and outcome at one and two years. . Stroke , 18 : 837 – 843 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson , R. G. , Boston , J. D. and Starkstein , S. E. 1988 . Comparison of mania with depression following brain injury: Causal factors. . American Journal of Psychiatry , 145 : 172 – 178 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson , R. G. , Kubos , K. L. , Starr , L. B. , Rao , K. and Price , T. R. 1984 . Mood disorders in stroke patients. . Brain , 107 : 81 – 93 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson , R. G. , Starr , L. B. , Kubos , K. L. and Price , T. R. 1983 . A two-year longitudinal study of post-stroke mood disorders: Findings during the initial evaluation. . Stroke , 14 : 736 – 741 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson , R. G. and Starkstein , S. E. 1989 . Mood disorders following stroke: New findings and future directions. . Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 22 : 1 – 15 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Robinson , R. G. and Starkstein , S. E. 1990 . Current research in affective disorders following stroke. . Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuro-sciences , 2 : 1 – 14 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rohrmann , B. 1978 . Empirische Studien zur Entwicklung von Antwortskalen für die sozialwissenschaftliche -Forschung. . Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie , 9 : 222 – 245 .
   Google Scholar
• Ross , E. D. and Rush , A. J. 1981 . Diagnosis and neuroanatomical correlates of depression in braindamaged patients. . Archives of General Psychiatry , 38 : 1344 – 1354 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Säveland , H. , Sonesson , B. , Ljunggren , B. , Brandt , L. , Uski , T. , Zygmunt , S. and Hindfelt , B. 1986 . Outcome evaluation following subarachnoid hemorrhage. . Journal of Neurosurgery , 64 : 191 – 196 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheier , M. F. , Buss , A. H. and Buss , D. M. 1978 . Self-consciousness, self-report of aggressiveness and aggression. . Journal of Research in Personality , 12 : 133 – 140 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheier , M. F. and Carver , C. S. 1977 . Self-focused attention and the experience of emotion: Attraction, repulsion, elation and repression. . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 35 : 626 – 636 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharpe , M. , Hawton , K. , House , A. , Molyneux , A. , Sandercock , P. , Bamford , J. and Warlow , C. 1990 . Mood disorders in long-term survivors of stroke: Associations with brain lesion location and volume. . Psychological Medicine , 20 : 815 – 828 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinyor , D. , Amato , P. , Kaloupek , D. G. , Becker , R. , Goldenberg , M. and Coopersmith , H. 1986b . Poststroke depression: Relationship to functional impairment, coping strategies, and rehabilitation outcome. . Stroke , 17 : 1102 – 1107 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinyor , D. , Jaques , P. , Kaloupek , D. G. , Becker , R. , Goldenberg , M. and Coopersmith , H. 1986a . Poststroke depression and lesion location: An attempted replication. . Brain , 109 : 537 – 546 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sonesson , B. , Säveland , H. , Ljunggren , B. and Brandt , L. 1989 . Cognitive functioning after subarachnoid haemorrhage of unknown origin. . Acta Neurologica Scandinavica , 80 : 400 – 410 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Starkstein , S. E. and Robinson , R. G. 1989a . Affective disorders and cerebral vascular disease. . The British Journal of Psychiatry , 154 : 170 – 182 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Starkstein , S. E. , Robinson , R. G. , Berthier , M. L. , Parikh , R. M. and Price , T. R. 1988b . Differential mood changes following basal ganglia vs. thalamic lesions. . Archives of Neurology , 45 : 725 – 730 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Starkstein , S. E. , Robinson , R. G. , Honig , M. A. , Parikh , R. M. , Joselyn , J. and Price , T. R. 1989b . Mood changes after right-hemispheric lesions. . The British Journal of Psychiatry , 154 : 79 – 85 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Starkstein , S. E. , Robinson , R. E. and Price , T. R. 1987 . Comparison of cortical and subcortical lesions in the production of poststroke mood disorders. . Brain , 110 : 1045 – 1059 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Starkstein , S. E. , Robinson , R. and Price , T. R. 1988a . Comparison of spontaneously recovered versus nonrecovered patients with poststroke depression. . Stroke , 19 : 1491 – 1496 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stegen , G. and Freckmann , N. 1991 . Outcome and rehabilitation after subarachnoid haemorrhage. . Zentralblatt für Neurochirurgie , 52 : 37 – 39 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stern , R. A. and Bachman , D. L. 1991 . Depressive symptoms following stroke. . American Journal of Psychiatry , 148 : 351 – 356 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stuss , D. T. 1991 . “ Disturbance of self-aweareness after frontal system damage ” . In Awareness of deficit after brain injury Edited by: Prigatano , G. P. and Schacter , D. L. 63 – 83 . New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Stuss , D. T. and Benson , D. F. 1986 . The frontal lobes New York : Raven Press .
   Google Scholar
• Stuss , D. T. , Ely , P. , Hugenholtz , H. , Richard , M. T. , LaRochelle , S. , Poirier , M. T. and Bell , I. 1985 . Subtle neuropsychological deficits in patients with good recovery after closed head injury. . Neurosurgery , 17 : 41 – 46 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sunderland , A. , Harris , J. E. and Baddeley , A. D. 1984 . “ Assessing every day memory after severe head injury ” . In Everyday memory, actions and absend-mindedness Edited by: Harris , J. E. and Morris , P. E. 191 – 206 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• TÜV-Baden VO/TÜV/MPI . 1976 . Testnormen für das Wiener Determinationsgerät Freiburg : TÜV-Baden .
   Google Scholar
• Van Zomeren , A. H. 1981 . Reaction time after closed head injury. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Groningen.
   Google Scholar
• Von Klebelsberg , D. 1960 . Das Wiener Determinationsgerät. . Diagnostica , 6 : 165 – 166 .
   Google Scholar
• Vilkki , J. , Holst , P. , Ohmann , J. , Servo , A. and Heiskanen , O. 1990 . Social outcome related to cognitive performance and computed tomographic findings after surgery for a ruptured intracranial aneurysm. . Neurosurgery , 26 : 579 – 585 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wade , D. T. , Legh-Smith , J. E. and Hewer , R. A. 1987 . Depressed mood after stroke: A community study about its frequency. . The British Journal of Psychiatry , 152 : 200 – 205 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinstein , E. A. 1991 . “ Anosognosia and denial of illness ” . In Awareness of deficit after brain injury Edited by: Prigatano , G. P. and Schacter , D. L. 240 – 257 . New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Weinstein , E. A. , Cole , M. , Mitchell , M. S. and Lyerly , O. G. 1964 . Anosognosia and aphasia. . Archives of Neurology , 10 : 376 – 386 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinstein , E. A. and Kahn , R. L. 1953 . Personality factors in denial of illness. . Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry , 69 : 355 – 367 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weinstein , E. A. and Kahn , R. L. 1955 . Denial of illness: Symbolic and physiological aspects Springfield, IL : Charles C. Thomas .
   Google Scholar