Impaired avoidance learning after closed-head injury: Dissociation between two tasks due to classical conditioning?

References

• Benson , D. F. and Stuss , D. T. Theories of frontal lobe function . Neurology and psychiatry: A meeting of minds . Edited by: Mueller , J. pp. 266 – 283 . Farmington, CT : Karger, Basel . In (Ed.), (pp. ).
   Google Scholar
• Bleiberg , J. , Freedman , P. E. , Schueneman , A. L. , Merbitz , C. and Swartz , J. 1985 . Anticipatory behavior deficits following brain injury. . International Journal of Neuropsychology , 7 : 153 – 156 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blouin , A. 1985 . C-DIS: Operations Manual Ottawa : Ottawa Civic Hospital .
   Google Scholar
• Blumer , D. and Benson , D. F. 1975 . “ Personality changes with frontal and temporal lobe lesions ” . In Psychiatric aspects of neurologic disease Edited by: Benson , D. F. and Blumer , D. 151 – 169 . New York : Grune & Stratton . In (Eds.), .(pp. ).
   Google Scholar
• Denny-Brown , D. 1951 . “ The frontal lobes and their functions ” . In Modern trends in neurology Edited by: Feiling , A. 13 – 89 . London : Butterworth & Co., Ltd. . In (Ed.), (pp. ).
   Google Scholar
• Duke , L. W. , Weathers , S. L. , Caldwell , S. G. and Novack , T. 1992 . “ Cognitive rehabilitation after head trauma: Toward an integrated cognitive behavioral perspective on intervention ” . In Handbook of head trauma: Acute care to recovery Edited by: Long , C. J. and Ross , L. K. 165 – 190 . New York : Plenum Press . In (Eds.), (pp. ).
   Google Scholar
• Fantie , B. D. and Kolb , B. 1988 . Performance of complex arm- and facial-movement sequences after closed head injury. . Canadian Psychology , 29 : 235
   Google Scholar
• Fantie , B. D. and Kolb , B. 1989 . Tasks traditionally used to assess callosal function reveal performance deficits associated with mild closed head injury. . Society for Neuroscience Abstracts , 15 : 132
   Google Scholar
• Fantie , B. D. and Kolb , B. 1991 . “ The problems of prognosis ” . In Neuropsychology and the law Edited by: Dywan , J. , Kaplan , R. and Pirozzolo , F. 186 – 238 . New York : Springer Verlag . In (Eds.), .(pp. ).
   Google Scholar
• Fantie , B. D. and Kosmidis , M. H. 1994 . Avoidance responding and closed head injury: Replication and reevaluation of the “Anticipatory Behaviour Deficit”. . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 8 : 379 – 387 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freedman , P. E. , Bleiberg , J. and Freedland , K. 1987 . Anticipatory behaviour deficits in closed head injury. . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry , 50 : 398 – 401 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frith , C. D. and Done , D. J. 1988 . Towards a neuro-psychology of schizophrenia. . British Journal of Psychiatry , 15 : 437 – 443 .
   Google Scholar
• Goldberg , E. 1989 . “ Neuropsychology in the studies of psychopathology ” . In Contemporary approaches to psychological assessment Edited by: Wetzler , S. and Katz , M. M. 213 – 230 . New York : Brunner/Mazel, Inc. . In (Eds.), .(pp. ).
   Google Scholar
• Goldberg , E. and Costa , L. D. 1986 . “ Qualitative indices in neuropsychological assessment: An extension of Luria's approach to executive deficit following prefrontal lesions ” . In Neuropsychological assessment of neuropsychiatric disorders Edited by: Grant , I. and Adams , K. M. 48 – 64 . New York : Oxford University Press . In (Eds.), .(pp. ).
   Google Scholar
• Goldberg , G. 1987 . “ From intent to action: Evolution and function of the premotor cortex ” . In The frontal lobes revisited Edited by: Perecman , E. 273 – 306 . New York : IRBN Press . In, (Ed.), .(pp. ).
   Google Scholar
• Grubb , R. L. and Coxe , W. S. 1974 . “ Central nervous system trauma: Cranial ” . In Neurological pathophysiology Edited by: Eliasson , S. G. , Prensky , A. L. and Hardin , W. B. Jr. 292 – 309 . New York : Oxford University Press . In (Eds.), .(pp. ).
   Google Scholar
• Gulbrandsen , G. G. 1984 . Neuropsychological sequelae of light head injuries in older children 6 months after trauma. . Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology , 6 : 257 – 268 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hécaen , H. and Albert , M. L. 1975 . “ Disorders of mental functioning related to frontal lobe pathology ” . In Psychiatric aspects of neurologic disease Edited by: Benson , D. F. and Blumer , D. 137 – 149 . New York : Grune & Stratton . In (Eds.), .(pp. ).
   Google Scholar
• Heilman , K. M. , Watson , R. T. , Valenstein , E. and Damasio , A. R. 1983 . “ Localization of lesions in neglect ” . In Localization in neuropsychology Edited by: Kertesz , A. 471 – 492 . New York : Academic Press . In (Ed.), .(pp. ).
   Google Scholar
• Hirst , W. 1982 . The amnesic syndrome: Descriptions and explanations. . Psychological Bulletin , 91 : 435 – 460 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holbourn , A. H. S. 1943 . Mechanics of head injuries. . Lancet , 2 : 438 – 441 .
   Google Scholar
• Kolb , B. and Whishaw , I. Q. 1990 . Fundamentals of human neuropsychology, , 3rd ed. New York : W. H. Freeman & Company .
   Google Scholar
• Lampert , P. W. and Hardman , J. M. 1984 . Morphological changes in brains of boxers. . Journal of the American Medical Association , 251 : 2676 – 2679 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lezak , M. D. 1983 . Neuropsychological assessment, , 2nd ed. New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lezak , M. D. 1984 . “ An individualized approach to neuropsychological assessment ” . In Clinical neuropsychology: A multidisciplinary approach Edited by: Logue , P. E. and Schear , J. M. 29 – 49 . Springfield, IL : C. C. Thomas . In (Eds.), .(pp. ).
   Google Scholar
• Levin , H. S. and Eisenberg , H. M. 1979 . Neuropsychological outcome of closed head injury in children and adolescents. . Child's Brain , 5 ( 3 ) : 281 – 292 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Levin , H. S. , Grossman , R. G. , Sarwar , M. and Meyers , C. A. 1981 . Linguistic recovery after closed head injury. . Brain and Language , 12 : 360 – 374 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lishman , W. A. 1973 . The psychiatric sequelae of head injury: A review. . Psychological Medicine , 3 : 304 – 318 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lishman , W. A. 1978 . Organic psychiatry: The psychological consequences of cerebral disorder London : Blackwell Scientific Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Luria , A. R. 1966 . Higher cortical functions in man New York : Basic Books . (Translated by B. Haigh).
   Google Scholar
• Luria , A. R. 1973 . The working brain New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Mattson , A. J. and Levin , H. S. 1990 . Frontal lobe dysfunction following closed head injury. A review of the literature. . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 178 : 282 – 291 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mesulam , M.-M. 1987 . “ Attention, confusional states and neglect ” . In Principles of behavioral neurology Edited by: Mesulam , M.-M. 125 – 168 . Philadelphia : Davis . In (Ed.), .(pp. ).
   Google Scholar
• Milner , B. 1963 . Effects of different brain lesions on card sorting. . Archives of Neurology , 9 : 90 – 100 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milner , B. and Petrides , M. 1984 . Behavioural effects of frontal-lobe lesions in man. . Trends in Neurosciences , 7 : 403 – 407 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mirsky , A. F. 1987 . Behavioral and psychophysiological markers of disordered attention. . Environmental Health Perspectives , 74 : 191 – 199 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mirsky , A. F. , Anthony , B. J. , Duncan , C. C. , Ahearn , M. B. and Kellam , S. G. 1991 . Analysis of the elements of attention: A neuropsychological approach. . Neuropsychology Review , 2 ( 2 ) : 109 – 145 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mirsky , A. F. , Fantie , B. D. and Tatman , J. E. 1995 . “ The assessment of attention across the lifespan ” . In Neuropsychological assessment of cognitive function Edited by: Mapou , R. L. and Spector , J. 17 – 48 . New York : Plenum Publishing . In (Eds.), .(pp. ).
   Google Scholar
• Ommaya , A. K. and Gennarelli , T. A. 1974 . Cerebral concussion and traumatic unconsciousness: Correlation of experimental and clinical observations on blunt head injuries. . Brain , 97 : 633 – 654 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paivio , A. 1971 . Imagery and verbal processes New York : Holt, Rinehart, & Winston .
   Google Scholar
• Posner , M. I. , Inhoff , A. , Friedrich , F. J. and Cohen , A. 1987 . Isolating attentional systems: A cognitive-anatomical analysis. . Psychobiology , 15 ( 2 ) : 107 – 121 .
   Google Scholar
• Posner , M. I. and Petersen , S. E. 1990 . The attention system of the human brain. . Annual Review of Neuroscience , 13 : 25 – 42 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pribram , K. H. and McGuinness , D. 1975 . Arousal, activation, and effort in the control of attention. . Psychological Review , 82 : 116 – 149 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reitan , R. M. and Wolfson , D. 1986 . Traumatic brain injury, Vol. 1: Pathophysiology and neuropsychological evaluation Tucson, AZ : Neuropsychology Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rothke , S. , Bleiberg , J. and Freedland , K. 1987 . Neuropsychological test correlates of Anticipatory Behaviour Deficit in closed head injury. . International Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology , 9 : 81 – 83 .
   Google Scholar
• Stuss , D. T. 1993 . Assessment of neuropsychological dysfunction in frontal lobe degeneration. . Dementia , 4 : 220 – 225 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stuss , D. T. and Benson , D. F. 1986 . The frontal lobes New York : Raven Press .
   Google Scholar
• Stuss , D. T. , Ely , P. , Hugenholtz , H. , Richard , M. T. , La Rochelle , S. , Poirier , C. A. and Bell , I. 1985 . Subtle neuropsychological deficits in patients with good recovery after closed head injury. . Neurosurgery , 17 : 41 – 47 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tabaddor , K. , Mattis , S. and Zazula , T. 1984 . Cognitive sequelae and recovery course after moderate and severe head injury. . Neurosurgery , 14 ( 6 ) : 701 – 708 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teuber , H.-L. 1964 . “ The riddle of frontal lobe function in man ” . In The frontal granular cortex and behavior Edited by: Warren , J. M. and Ackert , K. 410 – 444 . New York : McGraw Hill . In (Eds.), .(pp. ).
   Google Scholar
• Van Zomeren , A. H. and Van den Burg , W. 1985 . Residual complaints of patients two years after severe head injury. . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry , 48 : 21 – 28 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wechsler , D. 1987 . Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised Manual New York : The Psychological Corporation .
   Google Scholar
• Weddell , R. , Oddy , M. and Jenkins , D. 1980 . Social adjustment after rehabilitation: A two-year follow-up of patients with severe head injury. . Psychological Medicine , 10 : 257 – 263 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar