508
Views
54
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Depression and memory in the elderly: A meta-analysis

&
Pages 625-642 | Accepted 08 Jan 1997, Published online: 04 Jan 2008

References

  • Abas , M. A. , Sahakian , B. J. and Levy , R. 1990 . Neuropsychological deficits and CT scan changes in elderly depressives . Psychological Medicine , 20 : 507 – 520 .
  • 1994 . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders , (4th ed.) , Washington, DC : Author . American Psychiatric Association
  • Backman , L. and Forsell , Y. 1994 . Episodic memory functioning in a community‐based sample of old adults with major depression: Utilization of cognitive support . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 103 : 361 – 370 .
  • Hurt , D. B. , Zembar , M. J. and Niederehe , G. 1995 . Depression and memory impairment: A meta‐analysis of the association, its pattern and specificity . Psychological Bulletin , 117 : 285 – 305 .
  • Caine , E. D. 1981 . Pseudodementia: Current concepts and future directions . Archives of General Psychiatry , 38 : 1359 – 1364 .
  • Caine , E. D. 1986 . “ The neuropsychology of depression: The pseudodementia syndrome ” . In Neuropsychological assessment of neuropsychiatric disorders , Edited by: Grant , I. and Adams , K. M. 221 – 243 . NY : Oxford University Press .
  • Chaves , M. L. R. and Izquierdo , I. 1992 . Differential diagnosis between dementia and depression: A study of efficiency increment . Acta Neurologica Scandinavica , 85 : 378 – 382 .
  • Cipolli , C. , Neri , M. , Andermarcher , E. , Pinelli , M. and Lalla , M. 1990 . Self‐rating and objective memory testing of normal and depressed elderly . Aging , 2 : 39 – 48 .
  • Cohen , J. 1988 . Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences, , (2nd ed) , Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
  • Cohen , J. 1992 . A power primer . Psychological Bulletin , 112 : 155 – 159 .
  • Cole , K. D. and Zarit , S. H. 1984 . Psychological deficits in depressed medical patients . The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 172 : 150 – 155 .
  • Cronholm , B. and Ottoson , J. 1961 . Memory functions in endogenous depression . Archives of General Psychiatry , 5 : 193 – 197 .
  • Dannenbaum , S. E. , Parkinson , S. R. and Inman , V. W. 1988 . Short‐term forgetting: Comparisons between patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type, depressed, and normal elderly . Cognitive Neuropsychology , 5 : 213 – 233 .
  • Delis , D. C. , Kramer , J. , Kaplan , E. and Ober , B. A. 1987 . The California Verbal Learning Test: Adult version , San Antonio, TX : The Psychological Corporation .
  • Eagly , A. H. and Wood , W. 1994 . “ Using research syntheses to plan future research ” . In The handbook of research synthesis , Edited by: Cooper , H. and Hedges , L. V. 485 – 500 . New York : Russell Sage Foundation .
  • Feehan , M. , Knight , R. G. and Partridge , F. M. 1981 . Cognitive complaint and test performance in elderly patients suffering depression or dementia . International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 6 : 287 – 293 .
  • Gainotti , G. and Marra , C. 1994 . Some aspects of memory disorders clearly distinguish dementia of the Alzheimer's type from depressive pseudo‐dementia . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 16 : 665 – 678 .
  • Geffen , G. , Bate , A. , Wright , M. , Rozenbilds , U. and Geffen , L . 1993 . A comparison of cognitive impairments in dementia of the Alzheimer type and depression in the elderly . Dementia , 4 : 294 – 300 .
  • Gibson , A. J. 1981 . A further analysis of memory loss in dementia and depression in the elderly . British Journal of Clinical Psychology , 20 : 179 – 185 .
  • Goldstein , G. , McCue , M. , Rogers , J. and Nussbaum , P. D. 1992 . Diagnostic differences in memory test based predictions of functional capacity in the elderly . Neuropsychological Rehabilitation , 2 : 307 – 317 .
  • Hart , R. P. , Kwentus , J. A. , Hamer , R. M. and Taylor , J. R. 1987 . Selective reminding procedure in depression and dementia . Psychology and Aging , 2 : 111 – 115 .
  • Hart , R. P. , Kwentus , J. A. , Taylor , L. R. and Hamer , R. M. 1988 . Productive naming and memory in depression and Alzheimer's type dementia . Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , 3 : 313 – 322 .
  • Hart , R. P. , Kwentus , J. A. , Taylor , J. R. and Harkins , S. W. 1987 . Rate of forgetting in dementia and depression . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 55 : 101 – 105 .
  • Hart , R. P. , Kwentus , J. A. , Wade , J. B. and Hamer , R. M. 1987 . Digit Symbol performance in mild dementia and depression . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 55 : 236 – 238 .
  • Hedges , L. V. and Olkin , I. 1985 . Statistical methods formeta‐analysis , NY : Academic Press .
  • Johnson , B. T. 1989 . DSTAT: Software for the meta‐analytic review of research literatures , Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
  • Johnson , B. T. 1993 . DSTAT 1.10: Software for the meta‐analytic review of research literatures upgrade documentation , Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
  • Kiloh , L. G. 1961 . Pseudodementia . Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , 37 : 336 – 351 .
  • King , D. A. , Caine , E. D. , Conwell , Y and Cox , C. 1991 . The neuropsychology of depression in the elderly: A comparative study of normal aging and Alzheimer's disease . The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences , 3 : 163 – 168 .
  • King , D. A. , Caine , E. D. and Cox , C. 1993 . Influence of depression and age on selected cognitive functions . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 7 : 443 – 453 .
  • Kopelman , M. D. 1986a . Clinical tests of memory . British Journal of Psychiatry , 148 : 517 – 525 .
  • Kopelman , M. D. 1986b . Recall of anomalous sentences in dementia and amnesia . Brain and Language , 29 : 154 – 170 .
  • La Rue , A. , D'Elia , L. R. , Clark , E. O. , Spar , J. E. and Jarvik , L. F. 1986 . Clinical tests of memory in dementia, depression and healthy aging . Journal of Psychology and Aging , 1 : 69 – 77 .
  • La Rue , A. , Goodman , S. and Spar , J. E. 1992 . Risk factors for memory impairment in geriatric depression . Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology, and Behavioral Neurology , 5 : 178 – 184 .
  • Lichtenberg , P. A. , Manning , C. A. and Turkheimer , E. 1992 . Memory dysfunction in depressed spousal caregivers . Clinical Gerontologist , 12 : 77 – 80 .
  • Loewenstein , D. A. , D'Elia , L. , Guterman , A. , Eisdorfer , C. , Wilkie , R , La Rue , A. , Mintzer , J. and Duara , R. 1991 . The occurrence of different intrusive errors in patients with Alzheimer's disease, multiple cerebral infarctions, and major depression . Brain and Cognition , 16 : 104 – 117 .
  • Logsdon , R. G. , Teri , L. , Williams , D. E. , Vitiello , M. V. and Prinz , P. N. 1989 . The WAIS‐R profile: A diagnostic tool for Alzheimer's disease? . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 11 : 892 – 898 .
  • Lopez , O. L. , Boiler , R , Becker , J. T. , Miller , M. and Reynolds , C. R. 1990 . Alzheimer's disease and depression: Neuropsychological impairment and progression of the illness . American Journal of Psychiatry , 147 : 855 – 860 .
  • Madden , J. J. , Luhan , J. A. , Kaplan , L. A. and Manfredi , H. M. 1952 . Nondementing psychoses in older persons . Journal of the American Medical Association , 150 : 1567 – 1570 .
  • Malone , J. R. L. and Hemsley , D. R. 1977 . Lowered responsiveness and auditory signal detectability during depression . Psychological Medicine , 7 : 717 – 722 .
  • McKhann , G. , Drachman , D. , Folstein , M. , Katzman , R. , Price , D. and Stadlan , E. M. 1984 . Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: Report of the NINCDS‐ADRDA work group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease . Neurology , 34 : 939 – 944 .
  • Moe , K. E. , Larsen , L. H. , Prinz , P. N. and Vitiello , M. V. 1993 . Major unipolar depression and mild Alzheimer's disease: Differentiation by quantitative tonic REM EEG . Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology , 86 : 238 – 246 .
  • Nag , D. and Kumar , N. 1988 . Psychometric and clinical observations of normal aged subjects . Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology , 15 : 108 – 110 .
  • Niederehe , G. and Camp , C. J. 1985 . Signal detection analysis of recognition memory in depressed elderly . Experimental Aging Research , 11 : 207 – 213 .
  • Niederehe , G. and Yoder , C. 1989 . Metamemory perceptions in depressions of young and older adults . The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 177 : 4 – 14 .
  • O'Carroll , R. E. , Curran , S. M. , Ross , M. , Murray , C. , Riddle , W. , Moffoot , A. P. R. , Ebmeier , K. P. and Goodwin , G. M. 1994 . The differentiation of major depression from dementia of the Alzheimer type using within‐subject neuropsychological discrepancy analysis . British Journal of Clinical Psychology , 33 : 23 – 32 .
  • O'Connor , D. W. , Pollitt , P. A. , Roth , M. , Brook , C. P. B. and Reiss , B. B. 1990 . Memory complaints and impairment in normal, depressed, and demented elderly persons identified in a community survey . Archives of General Psychiatry , 47 : 224 – 227 .
  • O'Hara , M. W. , Hinrichs , J. V. , Kohout , F. J. , Wallace , R. B. and Lemke , J. H. 1986 . Memory complaint and memory performance in the depressed elderly . Psychology and Aging , 1 : 208 – 214 .
  • Pearlson , G. D. , Rabins , P. V. , Kim , W. S. , Speedie , L. J. , Moberg , P. J. , Burns , A. and Bascom , M. J. 1989 . Structural brain CT changes and cognitive deficits in elderly depressives with and without reversible dementia ('pseudodementia') . Psychological Medicine , 19 : 573 – 584 .
  • Pettinati , H. M. , Brown , M. and Mathisen , K. S. 1985 . Memory complaints in depressed geriatric inpatients . Annals of the New York Academy of Science , 444 : 528 – 530 .
  • Poitrenaud , J. , Moy , R , Girousse , A. , Wolmark , Y and Piette , F. 1989 . Psychometric procedures for analysis of memory losses in the elderly . Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics , S‐1. : 173 – 183 .
  • Popkin , S. J. , Gallagher , D. , Thompson , L. W. and Moore , M. 1982 . Memory complaint and performance in normal and depressed older adults . Experimental Aging Research , 8 : 141 – 145 .
  • Rai , G. S. , Stewart , K. and Scott , L. C. 1990 . Assessment of anomalous sentences repetition test . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry , 53 : 611 – 612 .
  • Rohling , M. L. and Scogin , F. 1993 . Automatic and effortful memory processes in depressed persons . Journal of Gerontology , 48 : P87 – P95 .
  • Roman , G. C. , Tatemichi , T. K. , Erkinjuntti , T. , Cummings , J. L. , Masdeu , J. C. , Garcia , J. H. , Amaducci , L. , Orgogozo , J. ‐M. , Brun , A. , Hofman , A. , Moody , D. M. , O'Brien , M. D. , Yamaguchi , T. , Grafman , J. , Drayer , B. P. , Bennett , D. A. , Fisher , M. , Ogata , J. , Kokmen , E. , Bermejo , R , Wolf , P. A. , Gorelick , P. B. , Gick , K. L. , Pajeau , A. A. , Bell , M. A. , DeCarli , C. , Culebras , A. , Korczyn , A. D. , Bogousslavsky , J. , Hartmann , A. and Scheinberg , P. 1993 . Vascular dementia: Diagnostic criteria for research studies. Report of the NINDS‐AIREN International Workshop . Neurology , 43 : 250 – 260 .
  • Rubin , E. H. , Kinscherf , D. A. , Grant , E. A. and Storandt , M. 1991 . The influence of major depression on clinical and psychometric assessment of senile dementia of the Alzheimer type . American Journal of Psychiatry , 148 : 1164 – 1171 .
  • Slife , B. D. , Miura , S. , Thompson , L. W. , Shapiro , J. L. and Gallagher , D. 1984 . Differential recall as a function of mood disorder in clinically depressed patients: Between‐and within‐subject differences . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 93 : 391 – 400 .
  • Speedie , L. , Rabins , P. , Pearlson , G. and Moberg , P. 1990 . Confrontation naming deficit in dementia of depression . Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences , 2 : 59 – 63 .
  • Stromgren , L. S. 1977 . The influence of depression on memory . Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , 56 : 109 – 128 .
  • Strube , M. J. 1985 . Combining and comparing significance levels from nonindependent hypothesis tests . Psychological Bulletin , 97 : 334 – 341 .
  • Wechsler , D. 1987 . Wechsler Memory Scale‐Revised Manual , NY : The Psychological Corporation .
  • Weingartner , H. , Eckardt , M. , Grafman , J. , Molchan , S. , Putnam , K. , Rawlings , R. and Sunderland , T. 1993 . The effects of repetition on memory performance in cognitively impaired patients . Neuropsychology , 7 : 385 – 395 .
  • Wernicke , C. 1900 . Grundiss der Psychiatrie in klinischen Vorlesungen , Leipzeig : Thieme .
  • Wertman , E. , Speedie , L. , Shemesh , Z. , Gilon , D. , Raphael , M. and Stessman , J. 1993 . Cognitive disturbances in Parkinsonian patients with depression . Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology, and Behavioral Neurology , 6 : 31 – 37 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.