2,829
Views
174
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Constraints on parallel activation in bilingual spoken language processing: Examining proficiency and lexical status using eye-tracking

&
Pages 633-660 | Received 01 Aug 2005, Published online: 19 Sep 2007

References

  • Allopenna , P. D. , Magnuson , J. S. and Tanenhaus , M. K. 1998 . Tracking the time course of spoken word recognition using eye movements: Evidence for continuous mapping models . Journal of Memory and Language , 38 : 419 – 439 .
  • Bradlow , A. R. and Pisoni , D. B. 1999 . Recognition of spoken words by native and non-native listeners: Talker-, listener-, and item-related factors . Journal of the Acoustic Society of America , 106 : 2074 – 2085 .
  • Baayen , H. , Piepenbrock , R. and Van Rijn , H. 1995 . The CELEX lexical database (CD-ROM) , Philadelphia, PA : University of Pennsylvania Linguistic Data Consortium .
  • Canseco-Gonzales , E. , Brick , C. , Fischer , K. and Wagner , K. 2005 . ‘Carpet or Carcel’ effects of speaker type, fluency, and language mode on bilingual lexical access [Abstract] . Proceedings of the International Symposium on Bilingualism, Spain , 5 : 156 – 157 .
  • Chen , H-C. and Leung , Y-S. 1989 . Patterns of lexical processing in a nonnative language . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition , 12 : 397 – 401 .
  • Christoffanini , P. , Kirsner , K. and Milech , D. 1986 . Bilingual lexical representation: the status of Spanish-English cognates . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 38 : 367 – 393 .
  • Costa , A. , Caramazza , A. and Sebastian-Galles , N. 2000 . The cognate facilitation effect: Implications for models of lexical access . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition , 26 : 1283 – 1296 .
  • Costa , A. and Santesteban , M. 2004 . Lexical access in bilingual speech production: Evidence from language switching in highly proficient bilinguals and L2 learners . Journal of Memory and Language , 50 : 491 – 511 .
  • Cutler , A. , Weber , A. and Otake , T. 2006 . Asymmetric mapping from phonetic to lexical representations in second-language listening . Journal of Phonetics , 34 : 269 – 284 .
  • Dahan , D. and Tanenhaus , M. K. 2005 . Looking at the rope when looking for the snake: Conceptually mediated eye-movements during spoken-word recognition . Psychonomic Bulletin & Review , 12 : 453 – 459 .
  • De Groot , A. M. B. 1992 . Determinants of word translation . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition , 18 : 1001 – 1018 .
  • De Groot , A. M. B. , Borgwaldt , S. , Bos , M. and Van Den Eijnden , E. 2002 . Lexical decision and word naming in bilinguals: Language effects and task effects . Journal of Memory and Language , 47 : 91 – 124 .
  • De Groot , A. M. B. , Dannenburg , L. and Van Hell , J. G. 1994 . Forward and backward translation by bilinguals . Journal of Memory and Language , 33 : 600 – 629 .
  • De Groot , A. M. B. and Keijzer , R. 2000 . What is hard to learn is easy to forget: The roles of word concreteness, cognate status, and word frequency in foreign-language vocabulary learning and forgetting . Language Learning , 50 : 1 – 56 .
  • De Groot , A. M. B. and Nas , G. L. J. 1991 . Lexical representation of cognates and noncognates in compound bilinguals . Journal of Memory and Language , 30 : 90 – 123 .
  • Dijkstra , T. , Grainger , J. and Van Heuven , W. J. B. 1999 . Recognition of cognates and interlingual homographs: The neglected role of phonology . Journal of Memory and Language , 41 : 496 – 518 .
  • Dijkstra , T. and Van Heuven , W. J. B. 1998 . “ The BIA-model and bilingual word recognition ” . In Localist connectionist approaches to human cognition , Edited by: Grainger , J. and Jacobs , A. M. 189 – 225 . Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associated Inc. .
  • Dijkstra , T. , Van Heuven , W. J. B. and Grainger , J. 1998 . Simulating cross-language competition with the bilingual interactive activation model . Psychologica Belgica , 38 : 177 – 196 .
  • Dunn , L. M. and Dunn , L. M. 1997 . Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) , Circle Pines, MN : American Guidance Service .
  • Friel , B. M. and Kennison , S. M. 2001 . Identifying German-English cognates, false cognates, and noncognates: Methodological issues and descriptive norms . Bilingualism: Language and Cognition , 4 : 249 – 274 .
  • Gollan , T. H. and Acenas , L. A. 2004 . What is a TOT? Cognate and translation effects on tip-of-the-tongue states in Spanish-English and Tagalog-English bilinguals . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition , 30 : 246 – 269 .
  • Gollan , T. , Forster , K. I. and Frost , R. 1997 . Translation priming with different scripts: Masked priming with cognates and noncognates in Hebrew-English bilinguals . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition , 23 : 1122 – 1139 .
  • Green , D.W. 1998 . Mental control of the bilingual lexico-semantic system . Bilingualism: Language and Cognition , 1 : 67 – 81 .
  • Grainger , J. 1993 . “ Visual word recognition in bilinguals ” . In The bilingual lexicon , Edited by: Schreuder , R. and Weltens , B. 11 – 25 . Amsterdam/Philadelphia : John Benjamins .
  • Hallett , P.E. 1986 . “ Eye-movements ” . In Handbook of perception and human performance , Edited by: Boff , K. , Kaufman , L. and Thomas , J. 10 – 1, 10–112 . New York : John Wiley & Sons .
  • Hermans , D. , Bongaerts , T. , de Bot , K. and Schreuder , R. 1998 . Producing words in a foreign language: Can speakers prevent interference from their first language? . Bilingualism: Language, and Cognition , 1 : 213 – 229 .
  • Huettig , F. and Altmann , G. T. M. 2005 . Word meaning and the control of eye-fixation: Semantic competitor effects and the visual world paradigm . Cognition , 96 : B23 – B32 .
  • Jared , D. and Kroll , J. F. 2001 . Do bilinguals activate phonological representations in one or both of their languages when naming words? . Journal of Memory and Language , 44 : 2 – 31 .
  • Ju , M. and Luce , P. A. 2004 . Falling on sensitive ears . Psychological Science , 15 : 314 – 318 .
  • Kohnert , K. 2004 . Cognitive and cognate-based treatments for bilingual aphasia: A case study . Brain and Language , 91 : 294 – 302 .
  • Kohnert , K. , Windsor , J. and Miller , R. 2004 . Crossing borders: Recognition of Spanish words by English-speaking children with and without language impairment . Applied Psycholinguistics , 25 : 543 – 564 .
  • Kroll , J. F. , & Curley , J. ( 1988 ) . Lexical memory in novice bilinguals: The role of concepts in retrieving second language words . In M. Gruneberg , P. Morris , & R. Sykes Practical aspects of memory , ( Vol. 2 , pp. 389 – 395 ). London : John Wiley & Sons .
  • Kroll , J. F. and Stewart , E. 1994 . Category interference in translation and picture naming: Evidence for asymmetric connections between bilingual memory representations . Journal of Memory and Language , 33 : 149 – 174 .
  • Lalor , E. and Kirsner , K. 2001 . The role of cognates in bilingual aphasia: Implications for assessment and treatment . Aphasiology , 15 : 1047 – 1056 .
  • Lemhöfer , K. , Dijkstra , T. and Michel , M. C. 2004 . Three languages, one ECHO: Cognate effects in trilingual word recognition . Language and Cognitive Processes , 19 : 585 – 611 .
  • Marian , V. ( 2000 ) . Bilingual language processing: Evidence from eye-tracking and functional neuroimaging . Ph.D. Dissertation, Cornell University. Ann Arbor: UMI Dissertation Services .
  • Marian , V. , Blumenfeld , H. K. , & Kaushanskaya , M. ( in press ). The Language Experience and Proficiency Questionnaire: Assessing language profiles in bilinguals and multilinguals . Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research .
  • Marian , V. and Spivey , M. 2003a . Bilingual and monolingual processing of competing lexical items . Applied Psycholinguistics , 24 : 173 – 193 .
  • Marian , V. and Spivey , M. 2003b . Competing activation in bilingual language processing: Within- and between-language competition . Bilingualism: Language and Cognition , 6 : 97 – 115 .
  • Marslen-Wilson , W. D. 1987 . Functional parallelism in spoken word recognition . Cognition , 25 : 71 – 102 .
  • Nakayama , M. S. 2002 . The cognate status effect in lexical processing by Chinese-Japanese bilinguals . Psychologia , 45 : 184 – 192 .
  • Roberts , P. and Deslauriers , L. 1999 . Picture naming of cognate and noncognate nouns in bilingual aphasia . Journal of Communication Disorders , 32 : 1 – 23 .
  • Salverda , A. P. , Dahan , D. and McQueen , J. M. 2003 . The role of prosodic boundaries in the resolution of lexical embedding in speech comprehension . Cognition , 90 : 51 – 89 .
  • Schulpen , B. J. H. , Dijkstra , A. F. J. , Schriefers , H. J. and Hasper , M. 2003 . Recognition of interlingual homophones in bilingual auditory word recognition . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 29 : 1155 – 1178 .
  • Silverberg , S. and Samuel , A. G. 2004 . The effect of age of second language acquisition on the representation and processing of second language words . Journal of Memory and Language , 51 : 381 – 398 .
  • Slowiaczek , L. M. and Hamburger , M. 1992 . Prelexical facilitation and lexical interference in auditory word recognition . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 18 : 1239 – 1250 .
  • Spivey , M. and Marian , V. 1999 . Cross-talk between native and second languages: Partial activation of an irrelevant lexicon . Psychological Science , 10 : 281 – 284 .
  • Tanenhaus , M. , Magnuson , J. , Dahan , D. and Chambers , C. 2000 . Eye movements and lexical access in spoken language comprehension: Evaluating a linking hypothesis between fixations and linguistic processing . Journal of Psycholinguistic Research , 29 : 557 – 580 .
  • Tanenhaus , M. K. , Spivey-Knowlton , M. J. , Eberhard , K. M. and Sedivy , J. C. 1995 . Integration of visual and linguistic information in spoken language comprehension . Science , 268 : 1632 – 1634 .
  • Tokowicz , N. , Kroll , J. F. , DeGroot , A. M. B. and Van Hell , J. G. 2002 . Number-of-translation norms for Dutch-English translation pairs: A new tool for examining language production . Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers , 34 : 435 – 451 .
  • Van Hell , J. G. and De Groot , A. M. B. 1998 . Conceptual representation in bilingual memory: Effects of concreteness and cognate status in word association . Bilingualism: Language and Cognition , 1 : 193 – 211 .
  • Van Hell , J. G. and Dijkstra , T. 2002 . Foreign language knowledge can influence native language performance in exclusively native contexts . Psychonomic Bulletin & Review , 9 : 780 – 789 .
  • Van Heuven , W.J.B. , Dijkstra , T. and Grainger , J. 1998 . Orthographic neighborhood effects in bilingual word recognition . Journal of Memory and Language , 39 : 458 – 483 .
  • Weber , A. and Cutler , A. 2004 . Lexical competition in non-native spoken- word recognition . Journal of Memory and Language , 50 : 1 – 25 .
  • Weber , A. , & Paris , G. ( 2004 ). The origin of the linguistic gender effect in spoken-word recognition: Evidence from non-native listening . Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society , 1446 – 1451 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.