China's New Social Security System in the Making: Problems and Prospects

REFERENCES

• Gough , I. and Wood , G . 2004 . Insecurity and Welfare Regimes in Asia, Africa and Latin America: Social Policy in Development Contexts , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Zheng , G. 1997 . On Social Protection System with Chinese Characteristic , Wuhan, , China : University of Wuhan Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lippit , V. D. 1987 . The Economic Development in China , 150 Armonk, NY : M.E. Sharpe .
   Google Scholar
• 4. Date issued by Institute of Rural Development of Social Sciences, China Acadamy of Social Sciences as reported in, Bao Kan Wen Zai (News Digest) 1996, 10: 24.
   Google Scholar
• Baldassari , M. and Piga , G. 1996 . “ Distributive Equity and Economic Efficiency: Trade-Off and Synergy ” . In Equity, Efficiency, and Growth: The Future of the Welfare State , Edited by: Baldassari , Mario , Paganetto , Luigi and Phelps , Edmund S. Vol. 257 , 258 London : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Scully , G. 1991 . Constitutional Environments and Economic Growth , 200 Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Pampel , F. C. and Williamson , J.B. 1988 . Welfare Spending in Advanced Industrial Democracies, 1950–1980 . American Journal of Sociology , 93 : 1424 – 1456 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Offe , K. 1994 . “ A Non-Productivist Design for Social Policies ” . In Social Policy in Transition: Anglo-German Perspectives in the New European Community , Edited by: Ferris , John and Page , Robert . 87 – 90 . Aldershot : Avebury, UK .
   Google Scholar
• Goodin , R. and Le Grand , J. 1987 . Not Only the Poor: The Middle Classes and the Welfare State , London : Allen and Unwin .
   Google Scholar
• Kuznets , S. 1955 . Economic Growth and Income Inequality . The American Economic Review , XLV : 1 – 28 .
   Google Scholar
• Kaldor , N. 1956 . Alternative Theories of Distribution . Review of Economic Studies , 23 : 83 – 100 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• 12. North, D.C.; Weingast, B.R. Constitutions and Commitment: The Evolution of Institutions Governing Public Choice in 17th Century England. Journal of Economic History 1989, XLIX, 803–832; North, D. C. Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1990.
   Google Scholar
• Lenski , G. 1966 . Power and Privilege: A Theory of Stratification , New York : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• 14. Barro, R. Economic Growth in a Cross-Section of Countries. Quarterly Journal of Economics 1991, 106, 408–443; Alesina, A.; Roubini, N.; Özler, S.; Swagel, P. Political Instability and Economic Growth. Working Paper No. 4173. NBER: Cambridge, MA, 1992.
   Google Scholar
• Muller , E. 1985 . Income Inequality, Regime Repressiveness, and Political Violence . American Sociological Review , 50 : 47 – 61 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muller , E. 1985 . Income Inequality, Regime Repressiveness, and Political Violence . American Sociological Review , 50 : 47 – 61 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng , Y. and Gizelis , I. 2002 . Building Political Consensus and Distributing Resources: A Trade-Off or a Compatible Choice? . In Economic Development and Cultural Change , 51 ( 1 ) : 217 – 237 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• 18. Wilensky, H. L. The Welfare State and Equality: Structural and Ideological Roots of Public Expenditure; University of California Press: Berkeley, CA, 1975; Peter Flora, John Alber. Modernization, Democratization, and the Development of Welfare States in Western Europe. In Peter Flora, Arnold Heidenheimer, Eds., The Development of Welfare States in Europe and America; Transaction Books: New Brunswick, NJ, 1981; Pierson, C. Beyond the Welfare State? The New Political Economy of Welfare; University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1991.
   Google Scholar
• 19. Dai, W. “Demand of Medical Care in Rising Urban Population,” an unpublished conference paper at Zhejiang University, 2000, Hangzhou, China.
   Google Scholar
• Mann , M. 1986 . Sources of Social Power , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Li , J. 1996 . The Structural Strains of the Socio-Legal System in China: Toward Formal Legalism? . International Journal of Sociology of Law , 24 : 41 – 59 .
   Google Scholar
• Ahmad , E. , Dreze , J. , Hills , J. and Sen , A. , eds. 1991 . Social Security in Developing Countries , Oxford : Clarendon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Benda-Beckmann , F. von , Benda-Beckmann , K. von , Casino , E. , Hirtz , F. , Woodman , G.R. and Zacher , H.F. , eds. 1988 . Between Kinship and the State: Social Security and Law in Developing Countries , Dordrecht, , Holland : Foris Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Kotlikoff , L. 1996 . Privatizing Social Security at Home and Abroad . The American Economic Review , 86 ( 2 ) : 368 – 372 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diamond , P. 1996 . Proposals to Restructure Social Security . Journal of Economic Perspectives , 10 ( 3 ) : 67 – 88 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wen , H. and Ting , C. 2000 . Jian She Zhong Guo Te Se De Nong Chun She Hui Bao Zhang Ti Xi (To Construct the Rural Social Protection System with Chinese Characteristics) . Dong Yue Run Tan (Dong Yue Forum) , 21 ( 6 ) : 72 – 75 .
   Google Scholar
• Ding , S. 2000 . Jin Ji Fa Zhan Duei Nong Chun Ja Ting Yang Lao Zhang de Ying Xuiang (Impacts of Economic Development On Old Age Insurance in Rural Areas) . Hua Zhong Cai Jing Da Xue Xue Bao (Journal of South Central University of Finance and Economics) , : 82 – 85 .
   Google Scholar
• Yang , L. 1999 . Nong Chung Yang Lao Zhi Du Jian Se De Ke Xing Xin Feng Xi He Shi Kao (The Feasibility Analysis of Rural Old Age Insurance) . Ren Ko He Jing Ji (Population and Economics) , 114 ( 3 ) : 57 – 59 .
   Google Scholar
• Liang , H. 2000 . Nong Chung Ju Ming Sheng Hou Feng Xian Yu Pao Zhang Xu Qiu (Rural Life Risks and Needs of Social Protection) . Shang Hai Jing Ji Yian Qiu (Shanghai Economy Research) , 3 : 54 – 61 .
   Google Scholar
• Chen , G. 1997 . Ti Kao Nong Chan Ping Jia Ge Bu Shi Nong Ye Fa Zhang De Chu Lu (To Raise the Price of Agricultural Products Is not a Solution To the Nation's Agricultural Economy) . Xing Hua Wen Zai (XinHua Diagest) , 10 : 48
   Google Scholar
• Ding , W. 1999 . Jia Na Da Nong Ming Shi De Shou Ru Zheng Ce Ji Wuo Guo Nong Chun She Hui Bao Zhang De Qi Shi (Canada's Farmers' Income Policies as a Reference to Our Nation's Rural Social Security System) . Qing Dao Da Xue Xue Bao (Journal of Qingdao University) , 3 : 81 – 83 .
   Google Scholar
• 32. China's 2000 Year Book of Statistics. China's State Bureau of Statistics Press, Bejing, China, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang , J. 1999 . Cong Chuan Tong Tu Ti Bao Zhang Zhou Xiang Xian Dai She Hui Bao Zhang (From Traditional Land-Based Insurance to Modern Social Insurance) . Li Run Yue Tan (Theory Monthly) , 12 : 65 – 69 .
   Google Scholar
• Naughton , B. 1994 . China's Reforms: Structural and Welfare Aspects: China's Institutional Innovation and Privitization from Below . The American Economic Review , 84 ( 2 ) : 79 – 95 .
   Google Scholar
• 35. Zhou, X. “Managing Social Security Fund,” an unpublished conference paper presented in the Chinese Economics Society; Beijing, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• 36. Dai, W. “Demand of Medical Care in Rising Urban Population,” an unpublished conference paper at Zhejiang University, 2000, Hangzhou, China.
   Google Scholar
• 37. Feldstein, M. “China's Pension System and Capital Accumulation,” an unpublished paper presented in the Chinese Economics Society; Beijing, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• World Bank . 1998 . Annual Report, 1997 , Oxford, , England : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• 39. Feldstein, 1998; 5.
   Google Scholar
• 40. Chu, G.; Song, S.; Deng, D. Some Suggestions from the U.S. Experience on How to Establish a Social Protection System with Chinese Characteristics. Unpublished manuscript, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Song , S. and Chu , G. 1997 . A Social Security Reform in China: The Case of Old Age Insurance . Contemporary Economic Policy , 15 ( 2 ) : 85 – 93 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deng , D. 1998 . The Tax System of the Chinese Social Security and Strategies for Its Reform , Beijing : Chinese Economy Press .
   Google Scholar