Professionalism, Responsiveness, and Representation: What do They Mean for City Managers?

REFERENCES

• Abney , G. and Lauth , T. P. 1985 . Interest group influence in city policy-making: The views of administrators . The Western Political Quarterly , 38 ( 1 ) : 148 – 161 .
   Google Scholar
• Ammons , D. N. and Kind , J. C. 1982 . Professionalism and local government administration . American Review of Public Administration , 16 ( 4 ) : 386 – 403 .
   Google Scholar
• Booth , D. 1968 . Are elected mayors a threat to managers? . Administrative Science Quarterly , 12 ( 4 ) : 572 – 589 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carrel , J. J. 1962 . The city manager and his council: Sources of conflict . Public Administration Review , 22 ( 4 ) : 203 – 208 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniel , C. and Rose , B. J. 1991 . Blending professionalism and political acuity: Empirical support for an emerging ideal . Public Administration Review , 51 ( 5 ) : 438 – 441 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demir , T. 2008 . Is political public administration a threat to legislative supremacy? . International Journal of Public Administration. , 31 ( 5 ) : 574 – 591 .
   Google Scholar
• Demir , T. 2009 . The complementarity view: Exploring a continuum in political-administrative relations . Public Administration Review , 69 : 876 – 888 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demir , T. and Nyhan , R. C. 2008 . The politics-administration dichotomy: An empirical search for correspondence between theory and practice . Public Administration Review , 68 ( 1 ) : 81 – 96 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finer , Herman . 1940 . Administrative responsibility in democratic government . Public Administration Review , 1 : 335 – 350 .
   Google Scholar
• Fox , C. J. and Miller , H. T. 1995 . Postmodern public administration: Toward discourse , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Frederickson , G. H. 1971 . “ Toward new public administration ” . In Toward a new public administration: The Minnowbrook perspective , Edited by: Marini , F. Chandler Publishing Co .
   Google Scholar
• Friedrich , C. J. 1940 . Public policy and the nature of administrative responsibility . Public Policy , 1 : 3 – 24 .
   Google Scholar
• Giegold , W. C. and Dunsing , R. J. 1978 . Team-building in the local jurisdiction: Two case studies . Public Administration Review , 38 ( 1 ) : 59 – 63 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heclo , H. 1975 . OMB and the presidency—The problem of “neutral competence.” . Public Interest , 38 : 80 – 98 .
   Google Scholar
• Kaatz , J. B. , French , E. P. and Prentiss-Cooper , H. 1999 . City council conflict as a cause of psychological burnout and voluntary turnover among city managers . State and Local Government Review , 31 ( 3 ) : 162 – 172 .
   Google Scholar
• Kammerer , G. M. 1964 . Role diversity of city managers . Administrative Science Quarterly , 8 ( 4 ) : 421 – 442 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaufman , H. 1956 . Emerging conflicts in the doctrines of public administration . American Political Science Review , 50 : 1057 – 1073 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kline , R. B. 1998 . Principles and practice of structural equation modeling , New York : The Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , M. 2001 . Looking at the politics-administration dichotomy from the other direction: Participant observation by a state senator . International Journal of Public Administration , 24 ( 4 ) : 363 – 384 .
   Google Scholar
• Mosher , F. C. and Stillman , R. 1977 . The professions in government . Public Administration Review , 37 ( 6 ) : 45 – 56 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nalbandian , J. 1990 . Tenets of contemporary professionalism in local government . Public Administration Review , 50 ( 6 ) : 654 – 662 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nalbandian , J. 1994 . Reflections of a ‘pracademic’ on the logic of politics and administration . Public Administration Review , 54 ( 6 ) : 531 – 536 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nalbandian , J. 1999 . Facilitating community, enabling democracy: New roles for local government managers . Public Administration Review , 59 ( 3 ) : 187 – 197 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nalbandian , J. 2000 . The manager as political leader: A challenge to professionalism? . Public Management , 82 ( 3 ) : 7 – 12 .
   Google Scholar
• Nalbandian , J. and Nalbandian , C. 2003 . Meeting today's challenges: Competencies for the contemporary local government professional . Public Management , 85 ( 4 ) : 11 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Newell , C. and Ammons , D. N. 1987 . Role emphases of city managers and other municipal executives . Public Administration Review , 47 ( 3 ) : 246 – 253 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Leary , R. 2010 . Guerilla employees: Should managers nurture, tolerate, or terminate them? . Public Administration Review , 70 ( 1 ) : 8 – 19 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pugh , D. L. 1989 . Professionalism in public administration: Problems, perspectives, and the role of ASPA . Public Administration Review , 49 ( 1 ) : 1 – 8 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schott , R. L. 1976 . Public administration as a profession: Problems and prospects . Public Administration Review , 36 ( 3 ) : 253 – 259 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selden , S. C. , Brewer , G. A. and Brudney , J. L. 1999 . The role of city managers: Are they principals, agents, or both? . American Review of Public Administration , 29 ( 2 ) : 124 – 148 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sparrow , G. 1984 . The emerging chief executive: The San Diego experience . Urban Resources , 2 : 3 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• Stillman , R. J. 1977 . The city manager: Professional helping hand, or political hired hand? . Public Administration Review , 37 ( 6 ) : 659 – 670 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Streib , G. 1992 . Professional skill and support for democratic principles: The case of local government department heads in Northern Illinois . Administration & Society , 24 ( 1 ) : 22 – 40 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Svara , J. H. 1985 . Political supremacy and administrative expertise . Management Science and Policy Analysis , 3 ( 1 ) : 3 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• Svara , J. H. 1990 . Official leadership in the city , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Svara , J. H. 1999 . Complemantarity of politics and administration as a legitimate alternative to the dichotomy model . Administration & Society , 30 ( 6 ) : 676 – 705 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Svara , J. H. 2001 . The myth of the dichotomy: Complementarity of politics and administration in the past and future of public administration . Public Administration Review , 61 ( 2 ) : 176 – 183 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terry , L. D. 2001 . “ Citizenship and professionalism in public administration ” . In Classics of administrative ethics , Edited by: Bruce , W. Boulder, CO : Westview Press .
   Google Scholar
• Terry , L. D. 2002 . Leadership of public bureaucracies: The administrator as conservator. Armonk, NY , M. E. Sharpe .
   Google Scholar
• West , W. F. 2005 . Neutral competence and political responsiveness: An uneasy relationship . Policy Studies Journal , 33 ( 2 ) : 147 – 160 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wheeland , C. M. 2000 . City management in the 1990s: Responsibilities, roles, and practices . Administration & Society , 32 ( 3 ) : 255 – 281 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White , L. G. 1982 . Improving the goal-setting process in local government . Public Administration Review , 42 ( 1 ) : 77 – 83 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson , W. 1887 . The study of administration . Political Science Quarterly , 2 : 197 – 222 .
   Google Scholar
• Wolf , P. J. 1999 . Neutral and responsive competence: The Bureau of the Budget, 1939–1948 revisited . Administration & Society , 31 ( 1 ) : 142 – 167 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , Y. and Feiock , R. C. 2010 . City managers' policy leadership in council-manager cities . Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory , 20 : 461 – 476 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar